Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• was charged at 3.0 V (50 µA). The discharge product of a full discharge was assumed to be sodium peroxide without further proof by analytical techniques. Later on, the same group published a follow-up study with the main focus on investigating SEI formation and sodium plating/stripping in an ionic

• liquid based electrolyte [114]. Na2SO4 was added to the electrolyte as SEI former. Although sodium plating/stripping was obtained for 300 cycles without internal shortcuts, the efficiency with around 70–80% was still unsatisfying. In general, these results underline that studying the reversibility of the

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• also been successful to a certain extent, by using ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [191]. In addition, the synthesis of P/N-heterodoped graphene has been reported using triphenylphosphine and triphenylamine [100] and by chemical treatment of N-graphene using phosphoric acid

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• onto the nanotube sidewalls over self-assembly. Exploiting the excellent capacity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids [78] to disperse CNTs, we conceived an ionic liquid-based surfactant, 1-hexadecyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (hvimBr, see Table 3) which demonstrated to be more effective than SDBS at

• high surfactant concentrations [79]. Despite the introduction in the polar head of the ionic liquid-derived surfactant of aromatic groups (i.e., benzene in hphimBr and pyrene in hpymimBr, see Table 3) enhances the affinity for SWCNTs, as confirmed by molecular dynamic simulations, it reduces the

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• taken to associate porphyrin units with GO, an imidazolium ionic-liquid was conjugated to GO forming an amide bond. The presence of the positively charged imidazolium moiety allows the modulation of the dispersibility of the modified GO material in aqueous media and organic solvents by simply exchanging

• and altering the counter anion of the imidazolium unit. More importantly, when an anionic porphyrin was incorporated as counter anion to the GO–ionic-liquid hybrid material, electronic interactions between the porphyrin and the GO lattice were identified [48]. Zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• -14476 Potsdam, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.167 Abstract Cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials were synthesized via an ionic liquid-assisted route. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and

• the ionic liquid-based process yields materials that are potentially useful as scaffolds for regenerative therapies. Keywords: biomineralization; calcium phosphate; carbohydrates; cellulose; hybrid materials; ionic liquid; Introduction One of the key advantages of carbohydrates, especially cellulose

• . For full data see Table 3. Samples investigated in this study. CP is calcium phosphate, GAA is glacial acetic acid, 24 and 48 are reaction times in hours. EDXS data of the precipitates; n.d. = not detected. EDXS does not observe any nitrogen indicative of the ionic liquid. Elemental analysis (EA

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• ] was shown in ionic liquid solvents. The caveat was that tetrahydrofuran was used as a cosolvent and as discussed earlier, a shift from Grignard reagents is hence necessary to allow for more flexibility in the solvent selection. Nuli et al. [41] reported reversible magnesium plating using conventional

Analytical development and optimization of a graphene–solution interface capacitance model

• Hediyeh Karimi,
• Rasoul Rahmani,
• Reza Mashayekhi,
• Leyla Ranjbari,
• Amir H. Shirdel,
• Niloofar Haghighian,
• Parisa Movahedi,
• Moein Hadiyan and
• Razali Ismail

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 603–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.71

• layer as a conducting channel can be seen in Figure 1. A 300 nm SiO2 layer as a back-gate dielectric has been deposited above the doped silicon substrate. The graphene layer, the gate, and a quasi-reference electrode were covered by a small droplet of ionic liquid [21]. The standard three-electrode

• measured capacitance is assumed as the contribution of two interfacial capacitances which arise from the double layer formed by ions at the graphene–ionic liquid interface and the quantum capacitance of graphene. The particular case of EGFET is discussed in the context of 2D systems. To substantiate all

• the consideration just made, the equivalent circuit of the EGFET device is suggested in terms of a simple, well-defined theoretical model. It is seen that C′G is the capacitance that forms between the gate and the ionic liquid, RB is the electrical resistance of the solution, CG represents the

Adsorption of the ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111): substrate effects on the structure formation investigated by STM

• Benedikt Uhl,
• Florian Buchner,
• Dorothea Alwast,
• Nadja Wagner and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 903–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.102

• 10.3762/bjnano.4.102 Abstract In order to resolve substrate effects on the adlayer structure and structure formation and on the substrate–adsorbate and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions, we investigated the adsorption of thin films of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium-bis

• possible at room temperature, the examples discussed above, with their very similar ILs (most of them contain the same anion and an imidazolium- or pyrrolidinium-based cation), demonstrate already that the structures resulting in ionic liquid adlayers depend sensitively on the substrate. This will become

• again. The ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] was purchased from Merck in ultrapure quality. It was mounted in a quartz crucible in a Knudsen effusion cell (Ventiotec, OVD-3) in the UHV chamber. It was degassed for more than one week

Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-coated ionic liquid drops: Micro-reactors for homogenous catalytic reactions at designated interfaces

• Xiaoning Zhang and
• Yuguang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 33–39, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.4

• Xiaoning Zhang Yuguang Cai Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA 10.3762/bjnano.3.4 Abstract An ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) can assemble on prefabricated carboxylic acid–terminated chemical patterns on

• homogenous catalytic reactions to occur at the designated interfaces. Keywords: AFM; catalyst encapsulation; chemical pattern; ionic liquid; OTS; Introduction Ionic liquids (ILs) have promising applications as environmentally friendly solvents [1][2]. Ionic liquids are low temperature melting salts with

• engineered as extraction solvents, reaction media and drug delivery materials [4][5]. In most IL applications – such as extraction, lubrication, IL super capacitors – the core function of the IL occurs at the ionic liquid–solid interfaces. ILs are different from conventional molecular liquids because no

Fabrication and spectroscopic studies on highly luminescent CdSe/CdS nanorod polymer composites

• Jana Bomm,
• Andreas Büchtemann,
• Angela Fiore,
• Liberato Manna,
• James H. Nelson,
• Diana Hill and
• Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 94–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.11

• in poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) [6][8], while Woelfle and Claus dispersed CdSe/ZnS QDs in an ionic liquid that was compatible with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [6]. However, in both these cases chemical attack of QDs by initiator radicals produced from azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) during the