Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• structure was quantitatively described with confocal laser scanning microscopy and a surface analysis software. The data show a polar development of cuticular ridges and a basipetal ridge progression during leaf ontogeny. Traction experiments with Colorado potato beetles as model species showed low walking

• solid understanding of industrial processes, complex structured biomimetic inventions can indeed be effectively brought to the market. Lifka et al. [14] stick to the nanofibre and production topics in their paper “Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• [30]; also, it does not require a clean room. The stereolithography (SLA) technique is an additive manufacturing technique in which a photopolymer resin is cured and converted from a liquid to a solid by an ultraviolet laser. The resolution of SLA printers is determined by the radial beam scattering

• monolayer of Ag NPs appeared at the methanol/air interface. The PS@Ag substrates were created by depositing a monolayer of Ag NPs on the substrate surface after allowing the methanol to slowly evaporate under ambient conditions. SERS substrate characterization Raman spectra were obtained using a 24 mW laser

• with the analyte solution (30 µL) and air-dried at room temperature. SERS signals were then collected from random locations. Results and Discussion Fabrication of droplet-based microfluidic device using 3D printing SLA 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technology that employs a laser to

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• crosstalk [17]. The laser beam deflection system in our AFM employs a laser wavelength of 1310 nm, which is well below the bandgap of our sample; therefore, the parasitic laser absorption, which may interfere with the KPFM measurement, is reduced to negligible levels [13]. Highly doped n+-Si ARROW EFM tips

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• room temperature, an AIRIX STR 500 laser Raman spectrometer was used with Ar laser excitation at 532 nm. A Panalytical X-Pert Pro diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) was used for investigating the structural properties of GQDs. Morphology and size of GQDs were confirmed with data

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• strong laser beam generates a piconewton level of force, which can be used to manipulate small dielectric particles, including biological entities such as DNA, enzymes, and cells. The underlying physics of nanoparticle manipulation by optical tweezers can be interpreted as the trend of the particle to

• force is dependent on the laser power, we should note that the light transmission spectra through the array is not if the nonlinear effect is ignored. So in the calculations of the transmission spectra and the on-resonance field distributions, the electric field magnitude of the incident plane wave is

• due to a higher Q-factor (2.5 × 105) and the associated much stronger electric field enhancement (837 times) with the quasi-BIC mode. The results show that even at a relatively low laser power intensity, the PS sphere located in the metasurface supporting the quasi-BIC resonance will be subjected to a

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• -Magurele, Romania National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Str., No. 405A, 077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania Romanian Academy, Inst. Phys. Chem. Ilie Murgulescu, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania 10.3762/bjnano.14.51 Abstract TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by laser

• gas production has been detected for the samples from series “b”, whereas the CO2 evolution was observed for all samples from series “a”. Keywords: ethanol; H2 production; laser pyrolysis; photocatalyst; TiO2 nanoparticles; Introduction Semiconductor materials are widely used, from electronic

• productivity, which are in some cases extremely low compared to a continuous flow method such as laser pyrolysis which, in the case of the studied powders, allows for a productivity of 1 g/h with the possibility of upscaling to an industrial level by increasing the reaction area. Another point is to find the

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• field of filtration technologies. Keywords: adhesion; confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); feeding efficiency; feeding structures; mechanical properties; Introduction Particle capture mechanisms are common in a huge variety of aquatic animals, such as polychaetes, bryozoans, bivalves, sponges

• chose the copepod Centropages hamatus (Lilljeborg, 1853). This species belongs to the Calanoida, where filter feeding is the derived condition [19][20][29][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. For this species (Figure 1), previous confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies on the

• -periodic (“strange attractor”) motion self-organized in the system, which could be easily analyzed statistically. Besides, one can vary the parameters of the model equation and obtain similar kinds of behavior. Confocal laser scanning micrograph (maximum intensity projection) showing the exoskeleton of a

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering (MS) and their evaluation as potential substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are reported. Ag layers of comparable thicknesses were deposited using PLD and MS on nanostructured GaN platforms. All fabricated SERS

• : GaN/Ag; magnetron sputtering; nanofabrication; pulsed laser deposition; SERS substrates; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive and specific technique with multiplexing capabilities [1][2][3][4]. It is considered for

• physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods have been tested to replace MS in coating GaN platforms with plasmonic metals. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is an interesting and still not fully explored alternative for the fabrication of SERS substrates [37][38]. Hence, our studies reported herein aimed to

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• high-power pulsed laser is applied to obtain stronger signals, thus making the resonance feature more obvious in the spectrum. However, high intensity of direct reflection caused by the pulsed laser could not be totally filtered out with the PBS and, therefore, a pronounced background intensity profile

• of the setup to test the scattering field of a small cavity could be steps for further studies. Mode excitation efficiency and illumination position dependence enable laser mode modulation in photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) [17][41][42][43], as well as the control of the radiation

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• . Raman spectra of the filtered films on the membrane were recorded using a Renishaw Qontor confocal spectrometer (Renishaw plc., UK) using a 532 nm excitation laser and a 2400 L/mm grating. An area of 20 μm × 20 μm of the film was mapped, with 1 μm distance between measurement locations. Spectra were

• that the sediment component is present in discrete particles, which are significantly larger than the GNP particles and generally larger than the laser spot size (above 1 μm with 100× objective lens). Due to the larger size and thickness of the sediment particles compared to the GNP particles, a given

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• depth. The incident angle is θ. In our work, the numerical simulations have been performed by using a commercial software of Lumerical FDTD solutions, which is based on the finite-difference time-domain method, and the light source we used for exciting the grating coupler is a Gaussian laser beam. The

• laser (the center wavelength is ca. 7 μm) as the light source to test the coupling efficiency of the experimental samples. The MIR laser is coupled into a single-mode ZrF4 optical fiber via a black diamond-2 aspheric lens [1]. The light from the single-mode ZrF4 optical fiber is coupled into the

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• ) was used to evaluate the relative composition of the elements. Raman spectra were recorded using a micro-Raman system (Senterra Bruker Optik GmbH, Massachusetts, USA), λ = 532 nm with a laser power of 10 mW. The visible spectra were obtained using an Ocean Optics spectrophotometer (USB 2000) (Florida

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• temperature and reactivity. With broad applications in therapy [22][23], laser combined imaging, solar vapour generation [24], and biosensors [25], the global market for PT devices is expected to be a multimillion dollar enterprise by 2025 [26]. This review will focus on concepts such as the theoretical

• surrounding medium [63]: PLSPR is the power absorbed by the nanoparticle, ε0 and μ0 are, respectively, the permittivity and permeability of vacuum, nm is the refractive index of the surrounding medium, and is the amplitude of the transverse incident wave of the laser source. Equation 24 can be simplified in

• through pump–probe laser spectroscopy [83]. From the slope of this transient reflectivity curve, the coupling constant is arrived at, from which the lattice temperature is calculated through the two-temperature model by means of two coupled diffusion equations, where Te and Tl are, respectively, the

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• ). Laser scanning or spinning disc confocal microscopy, typically used for qualitative determination of NP uptake, can provide valuable insights into relative distribution and aggregation of NPs, which has been widely used in the field of nonviral gene delivery (reported in 82% of the papers, Figure 1a

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• laser irradiation and generate ROS, which synergizes with the subsequent release of CQ for anticancer effects. In the early stages of intervention with nanoagents and laser irradiation, both bare NPs and cancer cell membrane-encapsulated NPs exhibited good tumor suppressive effects. However, the tumors

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• poly(ethylene glycol) with α-CyDs, in which adjacent α-CyDs interact to provide physical crosslinkings. Cisplatin (purple circle) was loaded in the hydrogel. Under NIR-II laser irradiation, the localized photothermal effect directly ablates thermosensitive cancer cells. At the same time, the

• subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Hydrogel production through pseudopolyrotaxane formation of poly(ethylene glycol) with α-CyDs. (b) Photothermal effect induced by the irradiation with NIR-II light (1064 nm laser). Simultaneously, a gel–sol transition occurred to release the drug (purple circles), promoting

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• Organisation, Sector-30C, Chandigarh-160030, India 10.3762/bjnano.14.20 Abstract The photothermal conversion efficiency of gold different nanoparticles (GNPs) in different concentrations (1.25–20 µg/mL) and at different irradiation intensities of near-infrared (NIR) broadband and NIR laser irradiation is

• evaluated. Results show that for a concentration of 20.0 µg/mL, 40 nm gold nanospheres, 25 × 47 nm gold nanorods (GNRs), and 10 × 41 nm GNRs show a 4–110% higher photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR broadband irradiation than under NIR laser irradiation. Broadband irradiation seems suitable to

• concentrations show almost equal efficiencies for NIR laser and broadband irradiation. On increasing the irradiation power from 0.3 to 0.5 W, for 10 × 41 nm GNRs in the concentration range of 2.5–20.0 µg/mL, NIR laser irradiation results in 5–32% higher efficiencies, while NIR broadband irradiation leads to a 6

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• carbon substrate and the chemical synthesis of PtNPs during catalyst fabrication. Platinum was deposited on carbon particles at room temperature using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) system equipped with an ArF excimer laser (λ = 193 nm). The uniform deposition of PtNPs on carbon supports was achieved

• [27]. Direct deposition of PtNPs can be attained by the use of various physical vapor deposition techniques such as magnetron sputtering [28], sputtering [29], e-beam evaporation [30], dual ion-beam assisted deposition [31], and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [27][32][33]. Previously, PLD has been used

• method allows one to control the amount of deposited platinum by changing the fluency of the laser radiation on the surface of the target or by changing the number of laser pulses. In these studies, the amount of deposited Pt was controlled only by changing the number of laser pulses. The Pt deposition

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• CQDs/PU samples were dipped in a solution of TEMP in ethanol at a concentration of 30 mM and irradiated with a 3 W blue LED for 12 h. Time-resolved near-infrared luminescence of O2 (1Δg) at 1270 nm after excitation by Quantel Q-smart 450 Nd YAG laser (wavelength of 355 nm, pulse length of ca. 5 ns) was

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• measured by laser scanning microscopy (LSM, Olympus LEXT 4100). Morphology around decomposed areas (a–c). Distribution and composition of nanoflowers and particles outside the decomposition cavity in 10Au10Ni, respectively (d, e). Images (a–c) show 5Au15Ni, 10Au10Ni and 15Au5Ni, respectively. The dotted

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• opportunity to bring intermodal coupling techniques, derived from optomechanics, to AFM. It is easily accessible, with no hardware modifications and only requiring multifrequency excitation applied to the cantilever by either a piezoshaker or a modulated laser, found in many AFM setups. The field of

• -in measurement. An AFM microcantilever (Bruker RFESP-75) is glued to a piezoshaker and placed in a vacuum chamber (between 1.2 × 10−6 and 5 × 10−7 mbar) under a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) (Polytech MSA 500) to measure the cantilever’s resonance frequencies and mode shapes (Figure 1). A lock-in

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• DC component of the light results in a typical SPR curve while the modulated signal from the lock-in amplifier produces a more sensitive signal. This yields the variation in the optical constants as a function of the thermal modulation of the active element. An Oxxius single-frequency CW laser at

• SPR curve is slightly broader than the simulated one. This is due to experimental broadening (in particular, the divergence of the laser beam), surface roughness, and further temperature-induced degradation effects that are not taken into account in the simplified simulation setup employed. In order

• subsequent paper. At this stage, experiments with active elements of different sizes reveal that the ratio between heated and non-heated surface illuminated by the laser beam influences the intensity of this effect. The ability to observe these details demonstrates the high sensitivity of this technique to

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• ] synthesized AgNPs on cotton fabrics using laser ablation, while Ahmad et al. [31] deposited AgNPs by the dip and dry method based on surface reduction reactions. However, the difference in expansion coefficients of the given metal layer and substrate can lead to surface defects under strain (cracks, loss of

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• energy of 23 eV. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements Raman measurements were performed with a Senterra Bruker micro-Raman spectrometer using a 533 nm excitation laser line with an acquisition time of 10 s. The power was fixed to 0.2 mW and focused on the sample with a ×50 objective. Rhodamine

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• voltage contacts of L = 90 μm. The NbReN films were structured by using direct laser writer exposure followed by argon ion etching into constriction-type bridges with w = 2 μm and L = 700 μm. Further details on the fabrication procedure of the films are reported elsewhere [4][8]. The superconducting