Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• , indicating that the film is converted towards TiO2 and either excess TIP-ligands and/or nucleobases is lost from the film. All of these observations point towards the fact that the adenine system produces a relatively stable complex containing both TIP ligands and adenine. This complex is sufficiently stable

• , while the primary amine group in adenine takes part. Neither of the systems shows dominant Ti–N bonding schemes, but rather Ti–O bonds. This is particularly informative for the adenine system as it indicates that a significant portion of the TIP ligands are intact in the film during growth (the adenine

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• case of metals, as M–C bonds are (in most cases) quite unstable, the organic groups can be linked to the metal oxide network via carboxylate or β-diketonate ligands [5][10][11]. Organophosphorus ligands such as phosphonates appear quite promising as they form strong ionocovalent M–O–P bonds with many

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• cycles of adsorption/desorption. Compared to literature results, this material can be considered a high-performing remediation adsorbent for the extraction of Zn(II) from natural real water solution. Keywords: heavy metals; hybrid materials; β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan ligands; polluted media; porous

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• ][14][15]. The Au25(SR)18 gold thiolate cluster, the captain of the gold nanoclusters ship, is a thermodynamically stable cluster consisting of 25 gold atoms and protected by 18 thiolate ligands [16]. This gold thiolate cluster has been widely studied for its high potential in different domains of

• 4 h and showed full conversion of benzyl alcohol into mostly benzoic acid, under 1 atm of O2 at 30 °C using a base [17]. In a previous study by our group, Au25(SPhNH2)17@SBA-15, calcined at 400 °C to fully remove the ligands, induced the full conversion of benzyl alcohol after a couple of hours in

• nm, by applying Bragg’s law (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1) [36]. This distance is in good agreement with the expected size of Au25(SG)18 including the ligands. In addition, the broad peak at 37° corresponds to the ultra-small Au25 gold core and confirms the absence of large gold

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• -treated films, broad Raman features in the range of carbon-related D- and G-bands were detected (Figure 2b). These bands are related to the decomposition of ligands into amorphous carbon phases [45]. No relation between the intensity if these bands and the quality of the CZTS spectrum was observed. The

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) [37]. Through this technique it is possible to obtain oligonucleotide sequences selective for many different membrane proteins. These macromolecules have been widely employed both alone and conjugated with drugs or nanoparticles [38]. Aptamers

• in the treatment efficacy compared to the passive vectorization effect provided by EPR [57]. Physical and also biological barriers disrupt, to a high extent, the desired selective interactions between the targeting ligands and their receptors. Effects such as off-targeting towards common cell

• cancers and depending on the location of the malignant tissue, the EPR is not effective at all. Combining tissular and celluar agents is a powerful tool in such cases making that active tissular targeting ligands even more important. In 2014, Yang et al. [62] described a peptide dual targeting system with

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

• Mariia Karpacheva,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

• ) ligands. Replacing polypyridyl ligands by NHCs leads to a remarkable increase in the lifetime of the 3MLCT excited state (1000× longer), considerably enhancing electron injection [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The homoleptic complex 1 (Scheme 2) is currently the best-performing iron(II) NHC sensitizer

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• internalized by the cells and accumulates preferentially into bone tissue. Benyettou et al. showed that alendronate-coated magnetic NPs favour the intratumoral uptake and inhibit tumor growth [10]. HMBPs are also effective ligands to stabilize nanoparticles under biological conditions [11][12][13][14][15

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• coordination networks can be obtained either by the use of specific luminescent organic ligands or by the use of main-group elements, d10 transition metals or of trivalent lanthanide ions for the inorganic moiety [13][14]. The luminescent properties of the trivalent lanthanide ions are particularly interesting

• applications of lanthanide-based networks in information storage, quantum computing and spintronics [19][20][21][22][23]. Most of these lanthanide-based networks are obtained with neutral organic ligands such as benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (1,4-bdc) [24], benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (TMA) [25], pyridine-2,5

• -dicarboxylate (2,5-H2pdc) [24] or 1H-2-propyl-4,5-imidazoledicarboxylate (pimda) [26]. Only few examples of lanthanide-based networks obtained with charged ligands are reported in the literature [27][28][29][30]. Following this last point, we have chosen to synthesize lanthanide-based networks from positively

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• adhere to silica can be stabilized in colloidal suspensions far better than in pure metal colloids, providing improved reproducibility of the SERS data. The second motivation is to exploit the adsorption capability of the colloidal silica for various organic ligands, for example glucose, formaldehyde

• silver, but that can undergo SERS enhancement thanks to the vicinal presence of silver nanoparticles. The Ag–SiO2 colloidal nanoparticles also show an efficient SERS response for organic ligands such as 2,2'-bipyridine at a laser excitation wavelength of 1064 nm. The possibility to observe FT-SERS

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

• Hendrikje R. Neumann and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

• BCML can intrinsically only coat surfaces with nanoparticle arrays, many biosensor applications also require well-defined structures and concentrations of ligands in microarrays [17]. Particularly the generation of cell arrays is a highly challenging task [18][19]. A feasible strategy would therefore

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• moieties. In this study, the metallo-complex selected is Ru(II)-terpyridine bis-complex. By washing the film with a Ce(IV)-containing acid solution, the Ru(II) complex between the blocks is oxidized into Ru(III) that is able to form only a monocomplex with the terpyridine ligands, thus breaking one metallo

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• -dependent bandgap, decreasing from 1.47 nm for the smallest NCs to 1.36 eV to the largest ones. The NCs are free from any surface ligands and stable long enough for the preparation of solar cell electrodes [130]. The Cs2SnI6 HPs can be formed by in situ oxidizing unstable CsSnI3 with air oxygen [112] or

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• samples [13][14]. However, the use of gold and/or platinum limits the affordability of sensing probe. As exemplified in this work, cost-effective silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) having specifically modified ligands for detecting lower concentrations of Cu2+ offer a more portable and practical approach. In a

• Cu2+-binding casein peptide ligands. The solution of aggregates was incubated for 20 min to allow for the coordination to occur. Results and Discussion Synthesis and characterization of casein peptide-capped AgNPs The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of spherical AgNPs immediately caused an absorbance

• below the normal blood concentration of Cu2+, which is in the range of 24–135 µg/dL [27]. The interaction of Cu2+ with the peptide ligands on the AgNP surfaces attracts neighboring AgNPs, which is observed as a color change from yellow to red. The change in absorbance was monitored by UV–vis

Chemistry for electron-induced nanofabrication

• Petra Swiderek,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1317–1320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.124

• surface and are decomposed under the tightly focused electron beam to yield a solid deposit. The precursor consists of elements that are desired in the deposit and of ligands which provide the molecules with sufficient volatility to be handled via a gas injection system. Ideally, the precursor molecule

• dissociates completely under the impact of an impinging electron so that the desired nonvolatile elements remain on the surface while the ligands desorb and are pumped out of the vacuum chamber. However, until recently, FEBID has relied nearly exclusively on precursors that were developed specifically for

• the ligands is co-deposited along with the desired elements. This unintended contamination often deteriorates the targeted properties of the deposit and thus impedes the progress of FEBID technology [7][8]. Novel molecular precursors and improved processes are thus needed to advance FEBID to its full

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• exclusively, and temperature-dependent desorption of methyl ligands from dissociated TMB precursor, which result in large changes in the deposition rate and stoichiometry as a function of the temperature. Conclusion In conclusion, the deposition mechanisms of EBID using TMB precursor were explored at silicon

Magnetic characterization of cobalt nanowires and square nanorings fabricated by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Federico Venturi,
• Gian Carlo Gazzadi,
• Amir H. Tavabi,
• Alberto Rota,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1040–1049, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.97

• a substrate to decompose molecules that are adsorbed on the surface. The non-volatile part of the molecule is deposited, whereas volatile ligands are pumped away. FEBID is a versatile technique for nanoprototyping and research, as it permits the deposition of material in a variety of shapes with

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• ]. For the deposition of metals, typically metal-organic precursor compounds are employed [3]. The organic ligands bring the desired metal into the gas phase. Hence, a sufficiently high stability and vapor pressure is usually accompanied by a large amount of carbon in the compound [10]. This carbon is

• appropriate ligands. Even more importantly, the ligands tend to be only weakly bonded and, thus, easily exchange the metal atom [26]. These properties exclude the gas-phase FEBID of silver for conventional gas-injection systems (GIS) that are flanged at the outer chamber walls. Recently, the first gas-phase

• adsorbate-limited deposition regime. Dependent on the actual dwell time of the beam, co-dissociation of non-desorbed ligands as well as of residual carbon hydrates from the vacuum background is expected. Figure 2 displays results for a dwell time series using a 150 pA beam for both precursor compounds. The

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• surface treatment. One approach is the functionalization of the surfaces with various ligands. For instance, grafting a thin molecular film with hydrophobic tail groups on a surface, formed by self-assembly process, prevents the formation of nano- or microdroplets of water on the treated sample, or

• , but also by the interactions of the NPs and silicon substrate during nanomanipulation in AFM in tapping mode [23]. Despite its inertness [24], Au NPs can be relatively easily functionalized with organic ligands resulting in the formation of stable colloids [23][25]. The possibility of changing the

• ligands chain length, tail group and the packing order (disorder) of the molecular coating makes functionalized NPs an attractive model systems for studying the nature of interactions, and particularly adhesion at the nano and molecular level. The prospect of modifying the chain length of the ligands

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• , and electronic interactions between the stabilizing ligands and nanoparticles [11]. Besides, the creation of a Schottky junction with a noble metal and a semiconductor acts to retard the recombination rate of electrons and holes [12]. LSPR takes place when noble metal NPs are excited by the

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• of pyridine groups with the nanoparticle surface is weaker, thus retaining an opportunity for further changes of the stabilizing ligands. The relative shortcoming of our method is its low net yield, which is below 50% when taking into account both the synthetic and phase transfer stages. Using TEM

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• electron–molecule interactions rather than the more common thermal fragmentation of precursor species, and various classes of chemical compounds have been considered [4][5] as precursors for FEBID. For instance, metalorganic precursors containing hydrocarbons and chelating ligands can be stable precursors

• and simple in handling, but these benefits come at the expense of incorporation of large amounts of carbon in the deposits by incomplete decomposition or co-deposition of the liberated ligands. Recent developments demonstrate elegant deposit purification techniques to obtain pure, high quality metals

• concluded that in general electron induced dissociation of surface adsorbed precursor molecules proceeds in two steps. Electron induced desorption of ligands associated with the precursor occurs to some extent in the first step (e.g., desorption of one of the PF3 groups in Pt(PF3)4 to form a Pt(PF3)3

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• . Generally, the synthesis of C-dots is a multistep and tedious procedure, which is often expensive. Moreover, a surface passivation with other ligands or additives is frequently needed in order to obtain exacerbated intrinsic fluorescence properties [5][12][13]. Recently, green synthesis methods of C-dots

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

• Michal Lacko,
• Peter Papp,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Edward Szłyk and
• Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

• both the carboxylate ligands and/or the amine ligands from the complexes. Moreover, the fragmentation of the ligands themselves is visible in the mass spectrum below m/z 140. For the studied complexes the metallated ions containing both ligands, e.g., Cu2(O2CC2F5)(RNH2)+, Cu2(O2CC2F5)3(RNH2)2+ confirm

• -friendly than copper(I) compounds, which are usually air and moisture sensitive, which results in decomposition of the precursor itself. Also, introduction of amine ligands was expected to be advantageous. In fact, the reducing action of ammine ligands was discussed previously with respect to FEBID

• secondary electrons in FEBID acting on much wider range than is the focus of the primary beam leads to broadening of the deposited structure [36]. The importance of the DI and/or DEA processes in FEBID was also discussed by Warneke et al. [37] with the focus on the appropriate choice of the ligands on the

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• therefore be fulfilled with different molecules, e.g., ligands, and the substrate is active for biological responses. Comparing to conventional lithographic stamping processes which use mobile inks, this approach solves the problems of molecular lateral diffusion and gas transport obstacles. The fabricated