Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• (spin–lattice relaxation) times of many hours. This is an advantage compared to other liquid-phase compounds as hyperpolarized 13C spins usually relax on timescales of T1 ≈60 s to thermal equilibrium. In [18], synthetic, inexpensive, commercial ND with a diameter ranging from a micrometer to 25 nm were

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• slightly different way, i.e., through the reducing the Au3+ ions with PVA in the liquid phase and casting the solution on substrates to obtain supported films, they provided us some interesting trends about the AuNP growth. The resonance position is not modified by the [Au]/[PVA] mass ratio, but when the

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• liquids dissolve different species that can only come into contact at the interface. At gas–liquid interfaces, insoluble components remain only at the interface and interact with other molecules (or materials) diffused from the underneath liquid phase. These circumstances can induce the generation of low

•  15) [237][238][239]. Fullerene molecules, such as C60 and C70, are dissolved in a liquid phase (good solvent) that contacts an immiscible liquid phase in which the molecules are poorly soluble (poor solvent). The formation of crystalline assemblies of fullerene molecules is induced by supersaturation

Energy distribution in an ensemble of nanoparticles and its consequences

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.143

• . Therefore, the description of fluctuations has to be expanded. This necessary extension is demonstrated using as an example of melting gold particles at different particle sizes. Figure 1 displays the free enthalpy of the solid and the liquid phase of a 2 nm gold particle in the vicinity of the melting

• bulk values were selected [4]. The probability F(Te) of the existence of the solid–liquid phase at the temperature Te is given by Figure 2 displays the probability for the solid–liquid phase in the vicinity of the transformation temperature. As examples, particles with a diameter of 2 and 5 nm were

• size distribution. This widens the actual temperature interval for fluctuations to be observed in an experiment. The probabilities for the relative amount of the solid and liquid phase given in Figure 2 are equivalent to the probabilities for fluctuations. Determination of particle size distribution

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• nanowire synthesis was developed and reported in detail in the classic work of R. Wagner and W. Ellis [1]. Recently, with the use of this method, SnO2, In2O3, WO3, ZnO and other metal oxide nanowires were obtained [1][2][3][4][5]. Liquid phase synthesis methods have also been widely implemented [6][7][8][9

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• layers is affected more by the Sb/S molar ratio in solution or by the deposition time. Sb2S3 tends to yield different morphologies in similar deposition conditions, possibly due to liquid phase reactions between molten-boiling SbCl3 (mp 73.4 °C, bp 223.5 °C [30]) and molten thiourea (TU, mp 182 °C [14

• ], Zn(TU)2Cl2 [33], and Sn(TU)2Cl2 [34]) in the surrounding liquid phase. In summary, the most uniform and continuous Sb2S3 thin films were deposited from Sb/S 1:3 solution at 200–210 °C. Influence of vacuum treatment temperature on morphology of Sb2S3 layers The thermal treatment of X-ray amorphous

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• early approach, analyzing the equilibrium between a liquid phase and the surrounding vapor, Tolman [17] estimated the surface energy of small droplets. These considerations led to the relation In Equation 2 the quantity d, where d = 2R, stands for the particle diameter and R for its radius; δ is a

• -near zone of the particle. Consequently, these results support (at least in the temperature range shown in Figure 10) that the surface energy decreases with decreasing particle diameter caused by the reduced surface energy of the liquid state. The formation of a liquid phase at the surface of lead

• number of next neighbors of the surface atoms, although this tendency is at least partly compensated by an increase of the binding energy and by the formation of a quasi-liquid phase at the surface. The latter finding has been confirmed by experimental results. However, these results have not been

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

• Noel Kennedy,
• Ray Duffy,
• Luke Eaton,
• Dan O’Connell,
• Scott Monaghan,
• Shane Garvey,
• James Connolly,
• Chris Hatem,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

• the liquid phase enhances this re-oxidation. Therefore, precautions are taken to ensure a minimal re-oxidation, i.e., solvents are thoroughly degassed, and processing is carried out in a N2 environment using a Schlenk line. XPS analysis of samples immediately after functionalization indicated that

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• solid microgranules. The resulting cryogel was vacuum-freeze-dried to remove the liquid phase at a temperature of 80–100 °C and a pressure of ≤3 × 10−2 mmHg. The heat treatment of the as-prepared product was continued in an oven in air at a temperature of 500 °C for 1–3 h, and as a result, well

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• synthesize TiO2 photocatalysts with controlled crystallinity while maintaining a high surface area. Since many photocatalysis reactions are a liquid phase reaction, a well-dispersible colloidal TiO2 nanostructure should be one of the most ideal forms. In order to maximize the active surface area as well as

• ethanol and acetonitrile, and the relationship between the synthetic parameters and the properties of the final TiO2 products were systemically studied. The resulting TiO2 particles exhibited beneficial properties towards the liquid phase photocatalysis, including uniform particle dimensions, well

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• ][16] and the number of layers [16]. Various methods have been used to synthesize vertically aligned MoS2 NSs: liquid-phase exfoliation [17], hydrothermal synthesis [8] or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [15][17][18]. CVD is regarded as the most promising method to synthesize high-quality MoS2 with

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• activity, especially at lower temperature, an alternative approach known as the liquid-phase method was applied in preparing the Mn–CeOx/CNT catalyst [83]. Interestingly, excellent NO activity at low reaction temperatures was demonstrated by the developed catalysts. Even at a low catalytic temperature of

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• band positions shift by about 5 cm−1 for νas(CH2) and 6 cm−1 for νs(CH2) modes above the isotropisation temperature. This shows the increase of conformational disorder and mobility in hydrocarbon chains as liquid phase is formed. Figure 3b illustrates the evolution of the IR spectrum of SP2 at

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

• Olga V. Sinitsyna,
• Georgy B. Meshkov,
• Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
• Alexander A. Antonov,
• Inna G. Grigorieva and
• Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

• larger the height and the smaller the diameter, the greater the pressure in the blister should be [21]. But the shape of small blisters is almost a hemisphere, which minimizes the ratio of the surface area to volume for a nucleated liquid phase. When the diameter reaches a certain critical value of ≈120

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• follows: where Ce (mg/L) is the equilibrium liquid phase concentration of the adsorbate; Qe (mg/g) the equilibrium solid phase concentration of adsorbate; qL (mg/g) is the maximum sorption capacity; KL (L/mg) and KF (mg/g) are the Langmuir and Freundlich constants, respectively; Qm (mg/g) and KS (L/mg

Periodic structures on liquid-phase smectic A, nematic and isotropic free surfaces

• Anna N. Bagdinova,
• Evgeny I. Demikhov,
• Nataliya G. Borisenko,
• Sergei M. Tolokonnikov,
• Gennadii V. Mishakov and
• Andrei V. Sharkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 342–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.34

• temperature of the isotropic liquid phase was set, and the behavior of the droplet was studied using ISSA. In some experiments, the droplet was thinly spread on the substrate with a metal blade in the isotropic liquid. To measure the liquid crystal layer thickness, the ISSA was focused on the upper boundary

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• p-nitrophenol reduction to p-aminophenol, i.e., for liquid phase reaction [12][13][14], we utilized the 3D BN/Ag HNMs for the methanol oxidation reaction, i.e., for the gas phase reaction. In the latter case, the usage of 3D BN NPs appears to be preferential because of higher specific surface area

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• precursor for gas phase FEBID was reported [13]. Silver FEBID was also realized in an encapsulated liquid phase [14]. Although resulting in pure silver with 50 nm sized dots, this technique comes with challenges such as the mandatory membrane substrate for keeping the liquid container tight, yet accessible

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• polymers and metal nanoparticles. Review 1 Ligands in the synthesis of metal particles The shapes of coinage-metal nanoparticles during liquid-phase synthesis can be controlled through the introduction of capping ligands in the reaction mixture. Certain ligands determine the final shape of a nanocrystal

Nanoprofilometry study of focal conic domain structures in a liquid crystalline free surface

• Anna N. Bagdinova,
• Evgeny I. Demikhov,
• Nataliya G. Borisenko and
• Sergei M. Tolokonnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2544–2551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.254

• about 0.1 μm. For the next experiments, the 8CB materials was heated up to 43 °С – the temperature of the isotropic liquid phase, and then cooled down to the smectic-A (SmA) phase temperature. Figure 2 shows the process of formation and relaxation of the craters over the course of 10 min at 30 °С in the

• heated to the temperature of the isotropic liquid phase 43 °С on a heating stage. Then the heating table was turned off and the substance was cooled to room temperature. At a temperature of 32 °С, the phase transition to the smectic phase occurred and the crater formation began. The temperature was

• an amplitude by the software MetroPro. During the experiments, a small droplet of the substance was placed on a piece of LC display substrate with a sharp metallic tool and then put on the heating table. The temperature of the isotropic liquid phase was set and structure of the droplet was observed

Optical contrast and refractive index of natural van der Waals heterostructure nanosheets of franckeite

• Patricia Gant,
• Foad Ghasemi,
• David Maeso,
• Carmen Munuera,
• Elena López-Elvira,
• Riccardo Frisenda,
• David Pérez De Lara,
• Gabino Rubio-Bollinger,
• Mar Garcia-Hernandez and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2357–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.235

• adsorbates between the layers. Very recently Molina-Mendoza et al. demonstrated mechanical and liquid-phase exfoliation of franckeite down to 3–4 unit cells and they fabricated field-effect devices, near infrared photodetectors and PN junctions [15]. Also, Velický et al. isolated single unit cell nanosheets

Vapor-based polymers: from films to nanostructures

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2219–2220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.221

• .8.221 Keywords: nanostructures; vapor-based polymers; While the traditional and popular realm of polymer synthesis is the liquid phase, the use of vapor-based techniques to deposit polymers has been met with increasing interest over the past decades. The perhaps most relevant example, the deposition of

Angstrom-scale flatness using selective nanoscale etching

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Hiroshi Saito and
• Katsuyuki Nobusada

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2181–2185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.217

• molecules. ONFs selectively generated at the apex of protrusions on the surface selectively etch the protrusions. To confirm the selective etching of the nanoscale structure, we compared near-field etching using both gas molecules and ions in liquid phase. Using two-dimensional Fourier analysis, we found

Ester formation at the liquid–solid interface

• Nguyen T. N. Ha,
• Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar,
• Nguyen D. C. Yen,
• Carola Mende,
• Lars Smykalla,
• Maik Schlesinger,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Heinrich Lang,
• Michael Mehring and
• Michael Hietschold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2139–2150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.213

• the other hand, solid–liquid interfaces are much more often encountered in real world applications ranging from heterogeneous catalysis to biomembranes. Heating is in such cases usually limited by the boiling of the liquid phase, and other means to initiate on-surface reactions are often required

• location of esterification, respectively: 1) The ester molecules originate all from the solution (either as contamination or as the result of an esterification in the bulk liquid phase); 2) the seed molecules for the ordered adsorbed ester pattern originate from the solution but around them further

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199