Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) [53][54], Raman spectroscopy [55], and low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) [56] as well as by theoretical analysis [57][58][59]. It is now well established that electron irradiation leads to cleavage of C–H and S–H bonds, followed by the formation of C–C bonds

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• considered a basic cell for superconducting signal neurocomputers designed for the fast processing of a group signal with extremely low energy dissipation. It turned out that for this purpose it is possible to modify the previously discussed element of adiabatic superconducting neural networks. The ability

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• wire length) and geometric capacitances C1 and C2 (per unit length). In the absence of any interaction between the wires they represent two independent transmission lines where low-energy plasma excitations propagate with velocities and , respectively, in the first and the second wires. Note that the

• of inter-wire interaction. This situation can be realized provided the wires are located close enough to each other in which case the cross-capacitance Cm may become of the same order as C1,2 implying κ ≪ 1. Provided the wires are thick enough, the low-energy Hamiltonian in Equation 2 is sufficient

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• and their efficiency, and they induce different fragmentation patterns. Thus, in order to better understand the performance of individual FEBID precursors, studies on their interaction with low-energy electrons are important. Metal carbonyls are generally well suited for the use in FEBID as many of

• , partly achieving high metal content in the deposit. A good overview of this work prior to 2008 can be found in Utke and co-workers [3]. In the context of the role of low-energy electron-induced processes in FEBID several studies on DEA and DI of metal carbonyl precursors, including Fe(CO)5, W(CO)6 and Cr

• (CO)6 have been reported in recent years [14][15][16][17]. Earlier studies on the low-energy electron interaction with metal carbonyls include an electron transmission spectroscopy study [18] on W(CO)6, Cr(CO)6 and Mo(CO)6 from the early 1980s, dissociative electron attachment studies on Fe(CO)5, W(CO

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• ]. 3 Applications of nanofluidics with tunable slip length 3.1 Drag reduction Reducing drag is of great significance in many areas related to nanotechnology, such as nanotribology [117], nanomedicine [118], and electrokinetics [119] due to the low energy dissipation. For instance, it has been reported

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• amplitude of the probe oscillations sharply drops to zero [24]. This phenomenon is usually caused by a combination of small oscillation amplitude, inappropriately low spring constant of the probe (and thus too low energy stored in the vibration), strong attractive forces caused by some surface layers (water

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• λI chosen such that empty and double occupied states degenerate. In the charge Kondo state, the low-energy excitations are charge fluctuations and there is a large gap for spin fluctuations. In SB language it means that equal e and d amplitudes are close to the value corresponding to the transport

• ], that emergent low-energy SU(4) symmetry can be restored also for slightly asymmetric systems by appropriately adjusting the gate voltages. More recent analysis based on NRG calculations [91] showed however, that for U’ < U the restoration of symmetry in the low-energy range might only happen if the

• fillings take place. The corresponding low-energy transmissions at the open dots exhibit dips with widths only slightly reduced compared to the case of a DTQD decoupled from phonons (z = 1). For Ef = 3 two states degenerate at λI = λCK: empty and fully occupied, and the rest of the states are energetically

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• thermal decomposition, while dissociation mechanisms in FEBID are predominantly electron-induced reactions. While primary electron (PE) energies during FEBID are typically between 1 and 30 keV, chemical dissociation is most efficient for low-energy (up to several tens of electronvolts) secondary electrons

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• should be injected from the low-work-function metal cathode surface. Therefore, HTL should possess excellent charge mobility and maintain morphological stability. Moreover, it should have an appropriate highest occupied molecular level (HOMO), ensuring a low energy barrier for hole injection from the

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• sample B. In the infrared region (850–1200 nm) the largest losses in EQE were observed. Photons with a low energy have a reduced absorption probability. Hence, low-energy photons generate e–h pairs mostly deep in the junction. Such pairs (excitons) should pass through the cell before reaching the

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• . TENG sensors require ASICs with fast power-up, high performance and low energy consumption. The key properties of the ASICs should be ultra-short power-on time and ultrafast processing, while the performance should be higher than that of traditional ICs. Thus, the ASICs will have a smaller average

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• focused ion beam as it is scanned across the sample. Compared with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the HIM offers enhanced surface sensitivity, greater topographic contrast, and a larger depth of field [4][5]. A charge-neutralization system based on flooding the scanned region with low-energy

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• low-energy O 1s component. Conversely, the B1 sample does not show any significant changes in elements surrounding the AZO/GaAs interface. Only the Ga 3d low-energy component shows a slight oxidation of the GaAs substrate. With regard to the photoluminescence examination, there is an observed

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• et al. used high-resolution low-energy electron diffraction and normal incidence X-ray standing wave techniques to detect the large separation of 3.24 Å between the h-BN sheet and the topmost Cu(111) layer [29]. They found almost no height difference between B and N atoms and excluded significant

Reconstruction of a 2D layer of KBr on Ir(111) and electromechanical alteration by graphene

• Zhao Liu,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Stefan Peeters,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Maria Clelia Righi and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 432–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.35

• pattern. Comprehensive calculations by DFT, taking into account the observed periodicities, resulted in a new low-energy reconstruction. However, it is fully relaxed into a common cubic structure when a monolayer of graphene is located between substrate and KBr. By using Kelvin probe force microscopy, the

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• lamellas were ultimately thinned during a last step using a FIB based on an inert-gas source working at low energy to prevent sample amorphization. HRTEM investigations were performed at the CP2M microanalysis center (Marseille, France) on a JEOL JEM 2010 F URP22 instrument using a 200 keV primary energy

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• molecules [32]. EBISA should also work with electrons of rather low energy fabricated by a flood gun instead of the focused electron beam. This macroscopic process is schematically depicted in Figure S6 (Supporting Information File 1). If the precursor gas dosage takes place directly after electron

Scanning transmission helium ion microscopy on carbon nanomembranes

• Daniel Emmrich,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Nikolaus Meyerbröker,
• Jörg K. N. Lindner,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 222–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.18

• with line integration of 64 lines. The field of view was set to 10 µm for the thin carbon membrane and to 15 µm for the thick membrane. The carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) were formed by low-energy electron irradiation of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (thin CNMs) or spin coated layers of aromatic

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

• Ata Jedari Golparvar and
• Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

• paired and ca. 150 mW when it is paired, which allows the battery to run in the paired mode for about 4 h continuously without recharge. These measurements can be further improved by implementing sleep-mode functions to a microcontroller and upgrading the Bluetooth module to a Bluetooth low-energy (BLE

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

• Natalie Frese,
• Patrick Schmerer,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Matthias Schürmann,
• Matthias König,
• Michael Westphal,
• Friedemann Weber,
• Holger Sudhoff and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

• electrons to excite and detect secondary electrons from the sample surface. Due to the high brightness and low energy spread of its atomically sharp gas field ion source, the smallest attainable focused spot size is about 0.3 nm [22]. With its significantly smaller convergence angle compared to SEM, HIM

• coatings, albeit only a few nanometers thick, can significantly alter and conceal fine details of biological nanostructures [2], which is noticeable in SEM images of virus particles [19][24]. Since in the HIM positive charge accumulates on insulating samples, a low-energy electron flood gun can be used for

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• of them are not commonly available at the moment. Secondary electron imaging The high secondary electron yield in a HIM, which is significantly higher than that for low-energy electrons in an SEM [41], makes the detection of secondary electrons favourable for imaging. To date, the majority of HIM

• the secondary electron. In SEM, the acceleration voltage of the electron beam needs to be lowered to yield low-energy secondary electrons. This increases surface sensitivity since only secondary electrons produced directly under the surface will be able to overcome the work function of the sample and

• reach the detector. In HIM, the emitted secondary electrons already have low energy, which results in a strong edge and topography contrast. Furthermore, the low energies of the secondary electrons in a HIM produce excellent contrast due to changes in the work functions of the materials. An interesting