Nanoarchitectonics: bottom-up creation of functional materials and systems

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 450–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.36

• hydroxide/sepiolite hybrids [31], and cell surface engineering with halloysite-doped silica cell imprints for shape recognition of human cells [32]. In another example, magnetic nanoparticles were attached to microbubble shells for enhanced biomedical imaging [33]. In a final example, the detection of the

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• echo (STE) bipolar gradient pulse pair (stebpgp1s) pulse sequence with 16 scans of 16 data points collected. The maximum gradient strength produced in the z direction was 5.35 G mm−1. The duration of the magnetic field pulse gradients (δ) was optimized for each diffusion time (Δ) in order to obtain a 2

High dynamic resistance elements based on a Josephson junction array

• Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov and
• Janne S. Lehtinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 417–420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.32

• of Jyvaskyla, PB 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland 10.3762/bjnano.11.32 Abstract A chain of superconductor–insulator–superconductor junctions based on Al–AlOx–Al nanostructures and fabricated using conventional lift-off lithography techniques was measured at ultra-low temperatures. At zero magnetic

• necessary, a small magnetic field, up to 0.05 T, was applied using small superconducting coils wound directly on the sample holder cap. Results and Discussion The ultimate goal of this work is to study the quantum dynamics of the QPSJ, a system dual to JJ [3], including the observation of Coulomb blockade

• suggested which take advantage of the high kinetic inductance of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) [21][22] (Lk = cos−1(Φ/Φ0) at a degeneracy point when Φ/Φ0 → π/2, where Φ is the magnetic flux through the SQUID area and Φ0 is the magnetic flux quantum, Φ0 = h/2e = 2 × 10−15 Wb). Hence

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• ., China. Photocatalyst synthesis A hydrothermal process was employed to synthesize the CuO/tourmaline composite. In detail, 0.50 g of the tourmaline powder and 40 mL of distilled water were added into a beaker followed by 20 min of magnetic stirring, and the obtained suspension was sonicated for 20 min to

• 0.01 g L−1 MB aqueous solution, followed by 1 h of magnetic stirring in the dark to make sure the adsorption saturation of MB onto the photocatalysts was achieved. Then, the photocatalyst–dye aqueous suspension system was exposed to light. 4 mL of the aqueous suspension was extracted every 20 min and

DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• , magnetic and electronic properties of first-row transition metal atoms adsorbed on a monolayer of MoS2. All metals studied adsorb strongly on the MoS2 monolayer, except for Zn, whereby the adsorption energy depends on the identity of the adsorbed element; this is proposed to be related to the number of d

• electrons. In general, the atoms prefer to adsorb above a Mo atom, however Sc, Ti and Mn prefer a hollow site inside the Mo–S hexagon. Overall, it was concluded that the band structure and magnetic properties of 2D MoS2 can be modified by adsorbing different transition metals [26]. Li et al. [29] and

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• -enhanced Raman spectroscopy [4]. Ion beam formation of nanoscale ripples has emerged as a versatile method to imprint uniaxial magnetic anisotropy [5] and to control the magnetic texture of thin films [6]. Formation of self-assembled surface nanoripple structures by monoatomic off-normal ion irradiation

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• controlled release of the drug [4][5]. NPs, particularly magnetic iron oxide NPs, are highly attractive for drug delivery because they have a higher circulation time compared to the conventional drugs and can be easily delivered to the diseased location through passive, active, or physical targeting [6]. The

• studying the flow of NPs. Iron oxide NPs are extensively investigated in targeted therapy and drug delivery applications owing to their tunable size, surface functionalities, and magnetic properties. In this study, we synthesized four different polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated iron

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• placed on magnetic stirrer. 1 molar (1.008 g) of cuttlefish bone powder was taken in a round bottom flask and 0.6 molar (0.795 g) of diammonium hydrogen phosphate was added dropwise using a burette. Then, the pH of the reaction was measured with a pH meter (Thermo Scientific, model-eco tester) and was

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• magnetic beads coated with a sequence of oligonucleotides and Au@DNA modified with two types of oligonucleotides (1:100 ratio), one that was complementary to the target sequence and the other complementary to a bar-code sequence. The magnetic beads and the Au@DNA formed a sandwich structure linked by the

Anomalous current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS Josephson junctions with weak ferromagnetic interlayers

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Aleksei Yu. Kuzin,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Shiro Kawabata,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 252–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.19

• method. Then we obtain the CVC of corresponding SFIFS junctions, and discuss their properties for different set of parameters including the thicknesses of ferromagnetic layers, the exchange field, and the magnetic scattering time. We observe an anomalous nonmonotonic CVC in case of weak ferromagnetic

• SIFS junctions [45]. We ascribe this behavior to DOS energy dependencies in case of small exchange fields in the F layers. The shape is smeared if we include a finite magnetic scattering rate. The anomalous nonmonotonic shape of the current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS junctions with weak

• τso, where τz(x) corresponds to the magnetic scattering parallel (perpendicular) to the quantization axis, and τso is the spin–orbit scattering time [96][97][98][99]. Assuming a strong uniaxial anisotropy in ferromagnetic materials, in which case there is no coupling between spin-up and spin-down

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• transport phenomena in a quantum dot coupled to pure monolayer graphene electrodes under external magnetic fields for finite on-site Coulomb interaction. The system is described by the pseudogap Anderson Hamiltonian. We use the equation of motion technique to determine the retarded Green’s function of the

• value even at the Dirac point. The influence of the on-site Coulomb interaction and the magnetic field on the transport properties of the system shows a tendency similar to the previous results obtained for quantum dots connected to metallic electrodes. Most remarkably, we find that the Kondo resonance

• graphene-based quantum dot system provides a platform for potential applications of nanoelectronics. Furthermore, we also propose an experimental setup for performing measurements in order to verify our model. Keywords: graphene; Kondo effect; magnetic field; pseudogap Anderson model; quantum dot

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• , and MCT were dispersed in aqueous NaCl solution under magnetic stirring at ≈750 rpm. The emulsion was heated to 99 °C undergoing a phase inversion from an o/w to a w/o emulsion. The emulsion then was cooled back into its phase inversion zone, in which the mixtures turned transparent, and shock diluted

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• addition of Gd3+ ions (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) or 64Cu2+ (positron emission tomography, PET). A pH-sensitive acetal bond between poly(ε-caprolactone) and porphyrin was used to release porphyrin at pH 5 (Figure 5c) [79]. In a poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) polymer conjugated with

• been employed for the photothermal effect. Regarding imaging, the tendency is to couple different techniques such as fluorescence, photoacoustic and magnetic resonant imaging. The photosensitizer itself can act both as a fluorescent probe and as a photoacoustic agent, for example chlorine-e6 [80][99

• )methacrylamide) when irradiated at 680 nm [92]. Besides, the chelating properties of porphyrins towards ions such as Mn2+ [101] or Gd3+ [80] or 64Cu [99] can be used for magnetic resonant imaging (MRI). Oxygen self-compensation. Local tumor hypoxia is one of the issues of PDT as the inefficient oxygen supply

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• centrifuge vials under magnetic stirring. The temperature was precisely maintained with an uncertainty of ±1.5 °C, using an ethylene glycol heating bath and an IR laser thermometer. The credibility of temperature measurement was evaluated by comparison between IR and capillary thermometers. Before immersion

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• nanoparticles were prepared under sterile conditions (Cat. II cabinet) with surfaces previously treated with RNaseZap® solution (Thermo Scientific, UK) for the handling of nucleic acids. All the steps were performed under vigorous magnetic stirring (1,000 rpm) and at 25 °C in 2 mL round bottom Eppendorf tubes

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• critical importance of interfaces. In the current issue, from “simple” to more elaborated, we here observe the importance of the polyol method, the non-hydrolytic or colloidal approach, and ordered mesopore templating techniques. In “Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using

• the polyol process” [19], the synthetic process was found to be of prime importance to shape the nanoparticles and to optimize their surface/volume ratio in relation to the magnetic behavior. A one-step non-hydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 phosphonate hybrid materials was applied to

• is simultaneously employed as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and for local heating therapy using magnetic particle hyperthermia [33]. In vitro hyperthermia tests showed efficiency in inoculating mouse breast cancer cells. Another study reports the use of alendronate-coated gold

Plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple independently tunable Fano resonances

• Lin Cheng,
• Zelong Wang,
• Xiaodong He and
• Pengfei Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2527–2537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.243

• , the transmittance is almost zero, which is in good agreement with the situation of the dip inset in Figure 2a. Figure 3c–g corresponds to peaks 1–5, respectively. Figure 3c illustrates that the magnetic field energy of peak1 at 1077 nm is mainly concentrated on stub1, stub2 and the middle part of the

• cavity1 (red solid line) in the structure. Transmission spectra of the structure with (red solid line) and without (blue dashed line) cavity3, and (b) the distribution of normalized magnetic field |Hz| at 1320 nm with only stub1 inserted into the bus waveguide. The |Hz| distribution of the total compound

• coupling distance t2 of cavity3 and (e) three specific values of θ. (f) The dependence of the transmission of peak5 on θ. Schematic diagram of cavity3 with different tilt angles θ, (a) θ = 0°, (b) θ = −20°. (c) The distribution of the magnetic field Hz at θ = −20°. (a) Transmission spectra for different

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• glycerol (8 mL) under slow stirring. Secondly, 0.1098 g Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and 0.4042 g Fe(NO3)3·9H2O were dissolved in the obtained homogeneous solution under magnetic stirring for 1 h. Subsequently, the mixed solutions were transferred into a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (50 mL), and then

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• create composite Janus-like or core–shell nanoparticles. The size and the unique morphology at the nanoscale provide new optical, electronic, magnetic and surface properties to these nanoparticles [1][2]. In addition, it is possible to combine materials of which alloys do not exist in nature. The shell

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• . The definitions of the geometrical parameters are provided, where E(x), H(y) and K(z) are the electric field, magnetic field, and direction of light propagation, respectively. The electric field intensity is 2.19 V/m, and the radius of the Ag nanoparticle is 100 nm, as computed in air as shown in

Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids

• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Malak Safi,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Fadi Aldeek,
• Johannes Ostermann,
• Tatiana Domitrovic,
• Sebastian Gärtner,
• John E. Johnson,
• Horst Weller and
• Hedi Mattoussi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238

• fluorescent, or magnetic and fluorescent nanoparticles have attracted much attention for the development of bioassays, their use as cellular labelling platforms has been less explored [2][3]. A few demonstrations describing the use of such hybrid nanostructures in cell labelling have been recently reported

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• candidate for the creation of surface-based magnetic and luminescent devices. In the present work, we report the epitaxial growth of needle-like objects composed of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n (where hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) polymeric units on muscovite mica, which is observed by atomic force microscopy. The

• three preferential directions 60° apart from another. The magnetic properties and the luminescence of the nanochains can be detected without the need of surface-dedicated instrumentation. The intermediate value of the observed luminescence lifetime of the deposits (132 µs) compared to that of the bulk

• (375 µs) and the CHCl3 solution (13 µs) further reinforces the idea of water-induced growth. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); luminescence; nanostructuration; polymer; self-assembly; surface; terbium complexes; Introduction The study of materials for the realization of novel magnetic [1][2][3

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• nanomaterials [1][2][3][4][5] to generate novel structures with tunable properties through external stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, and magnetic field [6][7][8][9][10]. Among other nanomaterials, significant research effort has been dedicated to the use of nanotubes [1][2][3][4][6][7][11][12][13][14][15

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• mixture under magnetic stirring (600 rpm). After the addition was completed, the reaction mixture was stirred for another 12 h. Then, the particles were washed three times by centrifugation (3300g, 1 h) and redispersion in 10–20 mL of EtOH with the help of an ultrasonic bath and were finally redispersed

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• -photon sources (SPSs) [7][8][9][10], nanoscale magnetic or electric fields sensors, and pressure or temperature sensors [3][11][12][13]. Electrically driven SPSs in SiC have been realized [14][15][16], and the coherent control of electron spin can be achieved up to 500 K [17]. SiC offers an alternative

• line (ZPL) [22], Debye–Waller factor (DWF) [23][24], zero-field-splitting (ZFS) [25] and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) [26]. The ZPL and the phonon sideband together determine the line shape of individual light-absorbing and emitting molecules [22]. The DWF describes the thermal motion

• attenuation of X-ray or coherent neutron scattering [23][24]. The DWF can be estimated as the ratio of the ZPL PL emission, compared to the total PL emission, which is the combination of the ZPL PL emission and the phonon-broadened PL. The ZFS refers to the lifting of degeneracy in the absence of a magnetic