Influence of an external electric field on the catalytic CO oxidation of nanoscaled CeO₂ and its La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ congeners

• Parastoo Jamshidi,
• Silvio Heinschke and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1028–1038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.70

• condition [16], indicating that the sign of the applied potential also affects the overall reaction rate. Very recently, the influence of an electric field on the oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane on CeO2 and doped WOx/CeO2 has proven that a coupled mechanism of electronic conduction and lattice oxygen

• reduced. Doping ceria with various cations influences this general mechanism and changes the energy of the defects and their accessibility, as well as migration energy and migration pathways of mobile ions within the structure [18][21]. With respect to gas adsorption on the surface of ceria this situation

Ultrasonic irradiation in the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite: a chemically friendly technique for improving hemocompatibility and antibiofilm applications

• Juan Mendoza Turmero,
• Cristina Parra Pantoja,
• Marcos Sabino Gutiérrez,
• Milagro Fernández-Delgado,
• Claudia Alvarado-Castillo,
• Damarys Soto Gil,
• María E. Gomes Gomes,
• Yony Gutiérrez Barrios and
• Daniel Suárez Arteaga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 991–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.68

• energy is available to induce ethanol pyrolysis, whose fragments interact with the hydroxyl radicals (OH•) generated by water sonolysis to favor the synthesis of carbonate groups. This mechanism, although complex, is supported by the efficacy of sonochemical processes in converting organic solvents into

• tetrahydrofuran [67]. Regarding the reaction mechanism, while the fundamental stoichiometric chemical pathway leading to hydroxyapatite precipitation remains identical across all systems, a detailed step-by-step molecular mechanism for each medium is not proposed since the organic co-solvents do not alter the

Development of Protium heptaphyllum essential oil-loaded nanocapsules: experimental design and biological activity

• Debora Freitas Silva,
• Kaidy Giselle Orellana,
• Allessya Lara Dantas Formiga,
• Jin Wang,
• Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade,
• Aline Collares Valente Pinheiro,
• Maria Izabel de Jesus,
• Francisco Canindé Ferreira de Luna,
• Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira,
• Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira,
• Francisco Humberto Xavier Junior,
• Emmanuel Abraham Ho and
• Marcele Fonseca Passos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 974–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.67

• relevant because, without them, a direct correlation between physicochemical properties and biological responses cannot be determined. Specifically, correlating release behavior with both antimicrobial and cytokine responses is crucial to fully elucidating the mechanism of action of nanocapsules. Future

Materials challenges in solid-state sensors for continuous monitoring of ions in water

• Maryam Darestani-Farahani and
• Peter Kruse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 935–973, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.66

• explored for online water monitoring (Figure 1). Each sensor type differs in its transduction mechanism, structural configuration, and material composition, which ultimately influence its analytical performance, stability, and ease of integration into autonomous systems [22]. Potentiometric sensors

• directly responds to surface chemical reactions (protonation/deprotonation of –OH groups) that change oxide surface potential and shift the threshold voltage. Due to this mechanism, highly sensitive and stable IS-FETs for pH monitoring are reported that are CMOS-compatible and can be miniaturized, but this

• , ultratrace nitrate detection was proposed with an interdigital graphene-FET integrated with a nitrate-sensitive membrane (Figure 3). The sensing mechanism relies on selective complexation of nitrate ions with ionophores within the ISM, which generates a membrane potential proportional to the nitrate

Enhanced erosion resistance and radiation stability of WC–WO₃ nanocomposite films under 100 keV Kr⁺ ion irradiation

• Shristi Bist,
• Parswajit Kalita,
• Ratnesh K. Pandey,
• Sejal Shah,
• Richa Krishna,
• Umapathy G. R.,
• Sunil Ojha and
• Devesh K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 922–934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.65

• and oxide phases, as determined from the GIXRD patterns, is summarized in Table 5. Low-energy ion irradiation-induced grain growth has been observed in other nanocrystalline systems [61][68], and a defect-driven mechanism typically explains it. This mechanism posits that the accumulation of

Nanocarrier strategies to overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance in cancer therapy

• Andreina Quevedo-Enríquez,
• Katty Yi Zhang,
• Denisse Yajaira Enriquez,
• Byron Raul Inapanta,
• Roxana Noemí Peroni and
• Christian Rafael Quijia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 882–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.64

• compromised by multidrug resistance (MDR), a phenomenon in which cancer cells evade the cytotoxic effects of drugs through various mechanisms. Overexpression of efflux transporters, particularly P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is a well-documented contributor to this phenotype, although it is not the sole mechanism

• restoring drug sensitivity [10]. 1.2 Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in cancer Multidrug resistance and metastasis are the main causes of cancer treatment failure. MDR tends to occur in cancer patients and is the ability of tumor cells to develop a specific mechanism to resist and overcome the cytotoxic

• significant mechanism, with nanocarrier-based interventions directed specifically at overcoming it. MDR is classified as either intrinsic (primary) or acquired, according to the temporal relationship between resistance and drug exposure. Intrinsic resistance is governed by endogenous factors, including

Supramolecular one-dimensional conducting nanofibers from a C₃-symmetric tetrathiafulvalene derivative

• Yoko Tatewaki,
• Fumiya Hirose,
• Sadafumi Nishihara,
• Tomoyuki Akutagawa,
• Takayoshi Nakamura and
• Tsuyoshi Minami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 872–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.63

• . Although the detailed mechanism of the assembly formation remains unclear, the observed differences in morphology may arise from differences in intermolecular interactions and molecular packing during the self-assembly process. In particular, the formation of different polymorphic assembly states may

• morphologies observed by SEM differed from those obtained by AFM on mica substrates, showing more aggregated structures. This difference may originate from the distinct surface properties of the substrates used for the measurements. Although the detailed mechanism remains unclear, these results suggest that

He⁺ FIBID-fabricated 3D AFM tip architectures: an exploratory study of hollow pillars, helices, and spirals

• Alba Arroyo-Fructuoso,
• Ana Galet,
• Gregor Hlawacek and
• Rosa Córdoba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.62

• File 1. The formation mechanism of hollow nanostructures during He+ FIBID has been reported previously [35]. In this growth mode, the interplay between precursor deposition and ion-beam-induced milling promotes the formation of a central cavity during deposition. The inner and outer diameters of the

Light-driven ammonia electrooxidation via carbon nitride–ruthenium molecular interfaces

• Jan Holub and
• Pablo Jiménez-Calvo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 854–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.61

• mechanism proceeds when a water or ammonia molecule attacks a high-valence Ru=O or Ru=NH intermediate, generating peroxo or hydrazido species that subsequently release O2 or N2 via a series of proton-coupled electron-transfer steps. The bimolecular intermolecular mechanism based on the interaction of two

Nanoparticle delivery systems for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): advances and challenges

• Sonia Zahara and
• Björn M. Reinhard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 839–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.60

• solutions [55]. This effect may be attributed to mannose receptor-mediated uptake into macrophages, but the exact mechanism of blood–brain barrier (BBB) transfer has not been determined. Lipid-based nanoparticles LBNPs, including liposomes, LNPs, SLNs, and NLCs, represent a well-established class of

• against multiple virus types, including HIV, in vitro through physical adsorption of virions [29]. However, the antiviral effect has been demonstrated primarily in vitro, and potential toxicity and in vivo safety require more evaluation. Furthermore, the extracellular mechanism does not address

• subject to CC BY 4.0. Summary of currently approved PrEP medications, including drug class, mechanism of action, and route of administration [3][24]. Representative nanocarrier-based HIV prevention and therapeutic strategies classified according to translational relevance. Funding BMR acknowledges

Sustainable fabrication of 2D-based devices through reuse of substrates with microfabricated electrodes

• Ying Zhang,
• Yigit Sozen,
• Esteban Zamora-Amo,
• Thomas Pucher,
• Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo,
• Zdenek Sofer,
• Yong Xie and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 818–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.58

• process effectively removed the MoS2 from the channel region and detached most multilayer residues. However, small remnants of the monolayer in direct contact with the gold electrodes remained (see inset in Figure 5b), likely due to the strong chemical affinity between MoS2 and gold (a mechanism exploited

Tuning the electronic properties of defect-rich MoS₂

• Eric Juriatti,
• Martina Binninger,
• Carolin Schüle,
• Maren Zirwick,
• Katarina Margetic,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Marcus Scheele and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 796–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.56

• sections. Interaction mechanism at the interface between the sputtered MoS2 substrate and CoPcF16 In the case of TMPCs, two distinct interaction channels are possible involving the macrocycle and/or the central metal atom [11]. First, the interaction via the Co atom of CoPcF16 will be examined utilizing

Substrate-dependent pore formation in molybdenum disulfide monolayers under ion irradiation

• Yossarian Liebsch,
• Umair Javed,
• Lucia Skopinski,
• Leon Daniel,
• Franziska Appel,
• Radia Rahali,
• Clara Grygiel,
• Henning Lebius,
• Carolin Frank,
• Lars Breuer,
• Leon Kirsch,
• Frieder Koch,
• Jani Kotakoski and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 769–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.54

• coupled metallic substrate (Au) markedly reduces the pore formation efficiency for SHI irradiation. Together, these trends indicate that, for ions that primarily interact with the electronic system of the target, pore evolution is governed less by the energy deposition mechanism than by how efficiently

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• film. The disintegration mechanism is driven by atomic diffusion, and the tendency of the system is to reduce the surface energy through the formation of isolated islands [17][18][19][20]. This process is governed by the pursuit of balance between the energy needed to create a new surface (surface

• postulated a mechanism based on the dewetting phenomenon. According to their model, the disintegration of the film initiates at pre-existing discontinuities or voids, which can be associated with nanoscale irregularities at intergranular boundaries. A key factor governing the disintegration process of thin

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• enhancement or quenching mechanisms. A study reported that carbon dot/AgNP-based nanosystems selectively detected Hg2+ ions with a detection limit of 2.22 × 10−8 M via a turn-on mechanism [57]. In addition, the environmental application of AgNPs can be affected by various factors, such as surface composition

• safety evaluation. Nanosilver coated with tannic acid significantly inhibits adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) in HeLa cells, serving as a model system [78]. The inhibition mechanism involves structural and DNA damage to Ad3 [78]. Another study assessed the dose- and size-dependent antiviral effects of AgNPs

• mechanism underlying removal was surface complexation via electrostatic interactions in both dyes, with hydrogen bonding occurring only in CR [98]. MB removal was achieved using AgNPs mediated by Salvinia molesta. The maximum adsorption of 121.04 mg/g was obtained at pH 4 and 35 °C. Additionally, the

Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• dominant mechanism responsible for the accelerated photobleaching of dFONs(2) [36]. Conclusion The comprehensive optical characterization of individual dFONs(1) and dFONs(2) confirms that both systems exhibit the expected comparable brightness under 2P excitation at λ = 1030 nm, despite differences in

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• ) and acceptor (dipyrromethene ligand) sites (Figure 1a) [32][33][34][35]. Importantly, the proposed systems produce triplet states via an alternative to the SOC-ISC mechanism, that is, through a spin–orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC, Figure 1b) resulting from the electron hopping

afspm: A framework for manufacturer-agnostic automation in scanning probe microscopy

• Nicholas J. Sullivan,
• Julio J. Valdés,
• Kirk H. Bevan and
• Peter Grutter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 653–667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.45

• algorithmic logic via the usage of configuration files: the algorithmic logic resides in scripts, while the predefined parameters reside in a configuration file. The configuration file also defines the various scripts to be instantiated for a given experiment and the mechanism by which they communicate with

• each other. For experiments where multiple scripts may need to communicate with the microscope, a mediation layer has been developed (Figure 3c), which provides a mechanism (declaring experiment problems) by which a secondary script can temporarily take control of the microscope. This permits

• have defined a subset of microscope commands and data structures, the framework can be adapted as needed. Furthermore, the mechanism by which scripts communicate allows individual scripts to be written in other languages. More information can be found in sections “Communication Protocol” and

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• materials that can absorb light energy and generate electron–hole pairs, which then participate in redox reactions to produce ROS that degrade organic pollutants. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are the common catalysts that have been used [18][19]. Figure 3 illustrates the general mechanism of

• individual cellulose chains to form solvation cages that drive the fibers apart through electrostatic repulsion [10][20]. This two-step mechanism allows for efficient cellulose extraction while maintaining structural integrity; however, the processing temperature plays a critical role. Higher temperatures

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• . Additionally, it reduces trap-state capture, forming a dual-pathway mechanism that improves overall device performance. This results in better interfacial energy-level alignment and reduced interfacial recombination, increasing the PCE from 16.20% to 19.25%. Under aging conditions of 25 °C and 30% RH for 30

• iodine vacancy (PbI2) accumulation at grain boundary cracks, slowing efficiency degradation from 55% to 19%. Thus, BEF-induced directional charge transport is the critical mechanism behind the improved performance and stability. Although HTL-based strategies for enhancing the BEF can, to varying degrees

• additional vertical BEF that promoted carrier separation and directional transport. In HTL-free devices, this modification increased Voc to ≈1.05 V and PCE to nearly 19%. The mechanism involves enhanced directional transport via the p–n homojunction-induced BEF, while reducing trap-state capture by lowering

Probing tribological evolution in atomically thin MoS₂ at different scales

• Xingzhong Zeng and
• Miao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 586–597, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.40

• atomic lattice site until the lateral force overcomes interfacial interactions, followed by an instantaneous “slip” to the next stable site [9]. This stick–slip motion is widely regarded as the elementary mechanism of energy dissipation in nanoscale friction, underpinning efforts to understand energy

• fundamental mechanistic understanding of sub-nanoscale stick–slip motion. The strengthening effect is a prevalent phenomenon observed in atomically thin 2D materials [18][19]. Its underlying mechanism is generally attributed to either the puckering effect or the evolution of interfacial contact quality, two

• suggested correlations with the in-plane motion of the AFM tip [11], as well as the interfacial contact area and contact geometry [12]. However, the intrinsic mechanism governing this sub-nanoscale friction behavior remains poorly understood, largely due to the lack of direct experimental observations and

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• intermediate organic products detected and the reaction route, it was determined that hydroxyl radicals, HO·, play the major role in the oxidation mechanism during the photodegradation reaction. To obtain more information about the photocatalytic oxidation mechanism of ketoprofen in this work, the importance

• 60 min of reaction, and 90% of the total carbon was mineralized. In addition, it was determined that hydroxyl radicals play an important role in the photocatalytic reaction mechanism. Experimental Material synthesis The synthesis of co-doped TiO2 was carried out through the sol–gel method. The

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• electrons is similar to that of protons. This result suggests a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism for CPR oxidation. Effect of scan rate and kinetic analysis The effect of scan rate on the electrochemical response of CPR at MIL-101/rGO(3.3)/GCE was examined over the range of 0.05–0.40 V·s−1 (Figure

• different concentration ratios. The oxidation mechanism of CPR at MIL-101/rGO/CGE. The composition for MIL-101/rGO. Comparison of the analytical performance of the proposed MIL-101/rGO/GCE with previously reported electrochemical sensors for CPR determination. Determination and recovery of CPR in commercial

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• understanding a large variety of intricate many-body problems. Potential applications are also relevant. Let us just mention a few: The Kondo effect can be used, for example, as conductance control mechanism [5][17], in probing magnetic interactions [18], or, when polarized electrodes are connected, also for

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• layers. The pronounced thickness dependence raises the question of the underlying mechanism responsible for the differences in the charge transfer times: Is the observed trend caused by changes in the quantum confinement, or does it arise from the coexistence of competing charge transfer channels? Charge