Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• optimal treatment. Therefore, the characteristics of nanoparticles regarding mechanical properties, size, surface charge, surface composition, and degradation and drug release mechanisms must be considered during formulation development [1]. Except for the mechanical properties, the research activities do

• particles. In this way, a higher passive drug targeting effect can be achieved, which was explained by enhanced deformability. The enhanced shape flexibility should lead to a higher extravasation rate and less effective clearance mechanisms. This combination leads to an enhanced particle accumulation in the

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• . However, the time-resolved information is essential for establishing reliable mechanisms to interpret and control the formation process during the confined assembly. (a) Schematic illustration of the formation paths of MOF-2 and MOF-5 crystals. Low-order (LO) and high-order (HO) PNCs were generated under

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• from the metallic Li anode, leading to the formation of Li2O2 as the final discharge product. During the subsequent charge, Li2O2 can be reversibly decomposed to Li+ and O2 by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) [3][4][5][6]. Considering these reaction mechanisms of LOBs, the cathode should have a

• distinctive formation mechanisms of the parental ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 particles. Under the same synthesis conditions, the particle size of ZIF-8 is always smaller than that of ZIF-67. This is because the formation of ZIF-67 is proceeded by a fast one-step growth mechanism while ZIF-8 is formed by a slower two

• -step growth mechanism (i.e., nucleation and growth) [39]. The different formation mechanisms are mainly responsible for determining the particle sizes of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. After carbonization and chemical etching processes, we obtained a series of ZnxCoy–C/CNT composites, as shown in Figure 1e–1g, in

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• insulator [30][31], which has been extended meanwhile to insulating antiferromagnets [32]. Thus, one has the opportunity to quantitatively study the microscopic mechanisms that influence the superconducting density of states, in a way that they mainly shift and spin-split the peaks at the superconducting

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• interaction between graphene and incident light plays a key role in these applications. Unfortunately, it is extremely weak owing to the single-atom thickness of graphene monolayers, which severely limits the performance of graphene devices. Various approaches based on different physical mechanisms have been

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• porcine back skin. Pig skin possesses similarities to human skin [30]; excised dorsal (back) skin has greater stiffness compared to other skin locations [31]. The experimental results include the MN mechanical strength, mechanisms of MN damage, skin insertion force, and margin of safety prediction, along

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• conductivity, which is only possible if the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer in nanofluids is clearly underpinned. Several mechanisms have been suggested by researchers to effectively predict this improvement in thermal conductivity. The most widely accepted mechanisms for dispersion

• nonpolar medium. Although experimental studies have shown that all the aforementioned mechanisms play a role in the enhancement of the thermal conductivity of a nanofluid, to some degree, these processes necessitate microscopic analysis of the heat transfer within and around nanoparticles and base fluid

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

• Philipp Rahe,
• Daniel Heile,
• Reinhard Olbrich and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

• of a viscous damping layer, in-plane dissipation mechanisms have been found to cause systematic changes of the phase shift in amplitude-modulation AFM depending on the cantilever inclination [15]. Furthermore, it has been proposed to use the presence of a lateral component in the tip oscillation path

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• located in the prostate at the time of diagnosis and there are no distant metastases [3][4]. However, most patients with high-risk PCa have a poor prognosis or even clinical treatment failure due to the occurrence of distant metastases [5][6]. Therefore, the study of metastasis mechanisms is of great

• metastasis and possible regulatory mechanisms, which can further guide the study and treatment of cancer metastasis. Results and Discussion Effect of substrate stiffness on the migration of prostate cancer cells In order to investigate the mechanical properties and metastatic ability of human prostate cancer

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• the aging process, despite the long-term effects of oxidative damage on cells and tissues, one of the strategies to slow down or eliminate the harmful effects of aging is to maintain the balance between ROS production and antioxidant and cellular defense mechanisms. Along with the formation of ROS

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• prolonging one geometrical axis (nanorods) [63][65]. The same also holds for pure ZnO NPs, which are more often used as the core [64]. The non-plasmonic character of ZnO NPs in the visible range is convenient for more detailed studies of charge transfer mechanisms. Mao et al. used ZnO nanosubstrates in

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• between neighboring aromatic molecules. The mechanisms of cross-linking are dependent on the electron energy: below the ionization potential, a two-step resonant dissociative electron attachment (DEA) has been proposed [5][60][61][62]. Based on HREELS data, Amiaud et al. proposed a resonant electron

• values determined by STM are smaller than the areal density of ≈7 × 1017 m−2 and the pore diameter of 0.7 ± 0.1 nm determined using AFM [36]. This is mainly due to different imaging mechanisms and different threshold definitions used for pore determination. Finally, the evolution of electron-induced

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• carbonization mechanisms in well-defined starting materials.” E. E. Hucke and his team in their 1972 report on glassy carbons [8] state, “from data previously available in the literature and the early results of this program, it has become obvious that “glassy carbon” is not a single material, since even though

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• associated with the requirement to understand conduction mechanisms and to identify the necessary characteristics of the crystal structures of the materials [14]. This will offer new options to design structures with appropriate functionalities, such as (i) by introducing or replacing functional groups of

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• complex relationship between multiple factors, such as microstructure, material composition, and sclerotization, has provided cuticle with properties that are unique to this biological material. Understanding the mechanisms behind the remarkable properties of cuticle can inspire the design of engineering

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• earliest and most mature actuation mechanisms used in flexible MEMS devices. Because of its simple structure and convenience for integrated manufacturing, it is one of the most actively researched driving actuation [1]. There are typical pull-in phenomena in electrostatic MEMS devices. Previous research

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• involvement of micro-/nanotechnological possibilities in the process of scaffold design and fabrication [4]. Since a lot of cellular mechanisms are controlled by environmental stimuli (cell signaling molecules, extracellular matrix, and bioactive macromolecules) on the nanoscale, the recognition and

A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions

• Egor I. Glushkov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin and
• Leonid S. Revin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.27

• of magnitude [34][35]. It does not take into account the increase in output noise due to the influence of low-frequency noise spectra of the critical current fluctuations δIc and normal resistance fluctuations δRN associated with the transport mechanisms of the Cooper pairs and quasiparticles

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• afterwards due to adverse effects or development of various resistance mechanisms, making the advent of novel strategies imperative for early diagnosis and efficient treatment [2]. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a recently developed regimen that requires administration of nanomaterials with unique optical

• nanoclusters as PTT agents both in vitro and in vivo, and finally explored the putative molecular mechanisms underlying the observed therapeutic effects. Results and Discussion Properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters (NPCs) The as-synthesized individual Fe3O4 nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in chloroform

• higher dosage of 5 mg/kg [15]. The extent of tumor volume shrinkage is not different between these two studies. Finally, no abnormalities in general health status, defecation, or urination were seen for all mice (data not shown). To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying PTT, we performed

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• surface dissolution at the interface of the two layers. The findings contribute to the understanding of mechanical contacts with metallic glasses under corrosive conditions by exploring the interrelation of microscopic corrosion mechanisms and nanoscale friction. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM

• nanoscale is crucially important. Microscale bearings made of Ni-based MGs lasted four times longer than those machined from sintered alloy [12]. Corrosive degradation, as one of the major failure mechanisms of metals and alloys, is an important issue in engineering applications of MGs. Protective oxide

• surface, and the competition between diffusion of hydrates into solution and their precipitation into a growing outer layer. Understanding the mechanisms of nanoscale friction on metallic glasses is a basis for applications involving mechanical contacts under corrosive conditions. Also, nanotribology

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• nanometer range determines the accessible conductance values (single-Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP ≫ few-Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP > Ru(TP)2 nanowire) and different conduction mechanisms. While single- and few-Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP devices exhibit sequential tunneling transport, Ru(TP)2-complex wire devices exhibit hopping transport

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• antibiotics has been observed, and multiple mechanisms of resistance to each type of antimicrobial agent have been discovered. Hence, to counter drug resistance, efficient bactericidal materials are needed, and nps have been identified as a promising solution for the abovementioned issue [75]. TiO2 is

• photocatalytic reaction, as a result of which anatase has been found to have the highest antimicrobial activity among all crystal structures of TiO2 [79]. The mechanisms of titania-induced biocidal activity are mostly by an oxidative attack on the outer/inner cell membrane of the microorganism, as well as

• are external stimuli [103]. The drug release profile of different mechanisms is shown in Figure 4. Another parameter that contributes to drug release is the charge of the drug molecule. Due to the presence of hydroxy groups at the surface of TiO2, it is supposed to be negatively charged. Consequently

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• deposits composition with carbonyl loss through DEA vs DI. We compare this to previous gas phase, surface science and FEBID experiments on W(CO)6 and discuss these studies in context to the current findings and potential deposition mechanisms. Method Quantum chemical calculations Similar to the approach in

• , promoting reductive ligand elimination and metal–metal bond formation. We anticipate that non-steady-state electron exposure of Mo(CO)6 would reveal similar mechanisms as observed for W(CO)6. Negative ion yield curves from DEA to Mo(CO)6 in the energy range from about 0–12 eV. From top; formation of [Mo(CO

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• antibonding mechanisms can be characterized based on the negative and positive overlap population, respectively. The bond strengths between Mo/W and S/Se atoms are quantitatively determined by taking the integral of -pCOHP up to the Fermi level (-IpCOHP), which are also listed in Figure 3. In the 1T′ polytype

• the contrary, the 1T′ polytype exhibits metallic characteristics. Figure 5b shows the different -pCOHP of the Mo–S bond of 1T′ and 2H polytypes. Both long and short Mo–S bonds in 1T′ MoS2 are considered. All -pCOHP images show similar features, which suggest similar bonding mechanisms. The

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• photocatalytic mechanisms, and the polymer photodegradation of the resulting nanocomposite using DFT techniques. The results confirmed that the interaction between NO and PANI is indeed a hydrogen bond and photogenerated holes serve as the primary factor of the photocatalytic NO removal [35]. Moreover, this

• ), Copyright 2018 Springer Nature. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Proposed mechanisms for photocatalytic NO oxidation via interfacial charge migration over BiOBr/SnO2 p–n heterojunctions. Figure 8 was reprinted with permission from [70], Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society. This content is not