Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• ]. Nanocrystals can improve many physicochemical properties of drugs such as solubility, size effect, dissolution rate, and adhesiveness to surface membranes [23]. The limitations of conventional medication delivery can be overcome by advanced drug delivery methodologies, such as transdermal drug delivery (TDD

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• eliminate ROS, but also up-regulated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to maintain redox homeostasis. Depending on the location of the accumulation, nanoantioxidants need to employ different encapsulating or coating strategies. Several studies used neutrophil membranes to increase the specificity of antioxidant

• an effective solution because of their ability to overcome the physical and chemical barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. Such barriers are the intestinal mucosal barrier, acidic conditions in the stomach, and selectively permeable membranes of enterocytes. Moreover, natural compounds delivered by

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• implemented in India in the mid-1990s is an excellent example [61][62]. Amphotericin B binds to parasite ergosterol precursors, such as lanosterol, disrupting the parasite membrane. Since protozoan trypanosomatids such as Leishmania and Trypanosoma present ergosterol as a component of their membranes [63

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• protein corona. The formation of a protein corona on the surface of NPs, which influences the interaction with cell membranes or proteins, is also associated with zeta potential and surface charge. Very limited studies have reported the influence of zeta potential, surface charge, hydrophobicity, and

• electrostatic bond with proteins in biological systems. The high electronegativity also influences the formation of metal cations. The increase of catalytic properties of metal cations enhances the toxicity through the generation of ROS, causing damage to cell membranes [16]. The high electronegativity helps in

• dispersed particles and the effective electric charge on the surface of the NPs [40]. This feature is particularly relevant to their biological activity, especially their ability to bind to and be absorbed by cell membranes. For instance, Cr2O3 NPs have a high zeta potential (2130 mV) and a high cell damage

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• , Montpellier, France Annealsys, 139 Rue des Walkyries, 34000 Montpellier, France Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France 10.3762/bjnano.15.26 Abstract

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• on the direct delivery of water molecules into the scanning electron microscope chamber. This process is called focused electron-beam-induced etching (FEBIE) and was already demonstrated for thin amorphous carbon membranes a decade ago [15]. Oxygen or water vapor can be used for etching graphene [16

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• condensation reaction of VTES to form nanosilica on GO membranes, using both acidic and basic conditions to catalyze these reactions. The hybrid GO/silica fillers could enhance the interaction, dispersion, and properties of various composites. For example, GO/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and GO/3

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• of science and engineering. However, production of ultrathin PAAO membranes with precise thickness in the optical sub-wavelength range remains challenging because of difficulties regarding process control at the initial stage of anodic oxidation. In this study, we demonstrate a technique for

• . This makes it particularly suitable for quality control in the small-scale production of thin PAAO membranes for optical applications and other uses, where precise thickness is of importance. Experimental A dedicated setup (Figure 5) was built and optimized for anodization of 10 mm × 10 mm aluminum

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• areas of the skin, or diffuse when several lesions occur over an extensive area of skin tissue [3]; (ii) mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes total or partial degeneration of the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat [4], and (iii) visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar), can

• through biological membranes [13][24]. Therefore, this review focuses on mapping the nanotechnologies used to load curcumin and discussing the increase in the leishmanicidal properties of this drug according to its nanostructured vehicles. Review Leishmaniasis: general aspects Leishmaniasis is a neglected

• favors adsorption by negatively charged cell membranes [103]. Additionally, studies have revealed antileishmanial properties of this polymer against Leishmania parasites, making it attractive for the synthesis of NPs intended for this treatment [56][104]. Therefore, Chaubey and colleagues developed

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• Abstract We have prepared ferromagnetic nanostructures intended for the investigation of high-frequency magnetization dynamics in permalloy (Py) nanodisks using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) and electron holography. Py nanodisks were fabricated on thin silicon nitride (SiN) membranes

• submicrometer apertures were milled on SiN membranes using a focused ion beam. Furthermore, we have developed a new TEM sample preparation method, where we fabricated Py nanostructures on a bulk substrate with a SiN buffer layer and etched the substrate to create a thin SiN membrane under the Py nanostructure

• information down to the nanometer/atomic scale. However, the corresponding samples need to be prepared on electron-beam-transparent membranes, which are very fragile and can easily break during standard lithography procedures. Although a lift-off approach has been demonstrated [20], alternative methods may be

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• barriers besides cellular membranes need to be addressed. A few examples of these barriers are penetration in or permeation through mucus, skin penetration, overcoming the blood brain barrier, or extravasation from blood vessels. Another challenge is the accumulation of particulate drug delivery systems in

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• formulations, and reduce the amount of insecticide required for pest control [22]. Nanoparticles are known for their insecticidal properties; they interact with the cell membranes of the insects, causing the denaturation of organelles and enzymes, oxidative stress, and cell death [23][24]. Essential oils are

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• spatially map voltage-induced oscillation of various sizes of piezoelectric membranes without the photodiode to investigate their position- and size-dependent displacement. Keywords: Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM); light-driven micro/nano systems; piezoelectric membrane; surface photovoltage (SPV

• each function of the components on the overall motion behavior. A variety of characterization techniques, such as white light interferometry, laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV), and double-beam laser interferometry (DBLI) have been used to determine the displacement of piezoelectric membranes [9][10

• previously been developed and reported by our group [32]. In further investigations, we used time-dependent AFM to determine the voltage-induced displacement of solely piezoelectric membranes without the photodiode. This experiment was performed to probe the local electromechanical properties of the

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• different sizes. Furthermore, at high magnification, it is possible to observe that the SPIONS are frequently surrounded by membranes (Figure 3B, arrows). In addition, SPIONs were also observed inside the flagellar pocket (Figure 3C, arrowheads) and closely associated with the membrane. The uptake of SPIONs

Nanoarchitectonics for advanced applications in energy, environment and biology: Method for everything in materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 738–740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.60

• also discuss coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics [32], nanoarchitectonics for membranes with enhanced gas separation capabilities [33], nanoarchitectonics of the cathode of Li–O2 batteries [34], nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation [35], nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• a basis to unravel the interplay between the feeding structures of suspension feeders, the preferred food, and the gathering performance. Additionally, it could open new avenues in the development of new filtration technologies (e.g., mucus-like filter media or bioinspired membranes) that use

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• was then vacuum-filtered through alumina membranes (20 nm pore size), rinsed with IPA to remove residual NMP, and dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C overnight. For samples 2 to 7, 3 mL of the dispersion was filtered, while for sample 1, ca. 30 mL was used to ensure adequate coverage of the membrane

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• on conjugated organic materials. Conjugated organic materials are processed into fibers, membranes, and porous structures. Therefore, nanostructure design based on the concept of nanoarchitectonics is crucial to achieve high SSG efficiency. We discuss the considerations for designing SSG absorbers

• ratio, high porosity, and high mass transport. Therefore, they are often applied to SSG absorbers along with other macrostructures such as membranes and foams [29][52][53][54][55]. One noticeable example is the study of nanofiber-based light-trapping coatings [29]. Ma et al. proposed an ultrasonic spray

• applied on top of the PS insulator without the need for an additional water transport layer. Membranes Janus structural membranes with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces are key structures for highly efficient SSGs. Such Janus membranes can be easily produced by filtering or coating hydrophilic

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• should be closely monitored, as cell death can be misinterpreted as efficient inhibition, especially in metabolism-based assays. For these inhibitors that involve the permeablization of plasma membranes, such as filipin III, appropriate controls for plasma membrane integrity during the inhibition

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• NP interaction with cell membranes in order to eliminate the participation of transcellular transport was also investigated. In fact, TEM micrographs revealed a small number of 18 nm AuNPs undergoing endocytosis. However, subsequent studies with a cocktail of endocytosis inhibitors confirmed the

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• nanoparticles exhibit various effects (e.g., homotypic targeting, prolonging drug circulation, regulating the immune system, and penetrating biological barriers) after encapsulation by cancer cell membranes. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods will also be improved by utilizing the properties

• of cancer cell membranes. In this review, different properties and functions of cancer cell membranes are presented. Utilizing these advantages, nanoparticles can exhibit unique therapeutic capabilities in various types of diseases, such as solid tumors, hematological malignancies, immune system

• membranes, provides a new approach to address NP deficiencies [9]. The encapsulation of NPs with cell membranes can endow the NPs with biomimetic functions and replicate the biological characteristics derived from the original cells, such as the immune evasion of erythrocytes [10] and platelets [11] and the

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• applications. However, nucleic acids are intrinsically unstable in serum and do not readily cross the cellular plasma membranes. Accordingly, it is a big challenge to deliver them in the intact form into target cells. Conventional gene transfection reagents are not very good candidates, since multiple positive

• charges of high density can damage the membranes and organelles of normal cells. With the use of CyD-based DDSs, however, high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity have been accomplished with minimal immune stimulation. The preorganized three-dimensional molecular structure of CyD as well as the

• photocatalytic process destroy subcellular structures (e.g., cell membranes or organelle membranes). Various types of cancers are effectively treatable without significant side effects. However, most photosensitizers available at present are hydrophobic and easily aggregate in aqueous solution. Thus, the

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• electric power generation. Among various fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received considerable attention because of several physicochemical advantages over other fuel cell types [1][2][3][4][5]. PEMFCs, constructed of polymer electrolyte membranes as the proton conductor

• cost of PEMFCs depend on the materials used to construct their major components, which are anode, cathode, and polymer electrolyte membranes [3][6]. Therefore, supplying good-performance materials with controlled nanostructures to fuel cell technology is a crucial issue [7]. One solution to this

• catalysts in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of PEMFCs fed with H2/air. The materials with Pt deposited on Vulcan XC-72R (samples A and B), like commercial catalysts, formed a good quality catalyst layer on the Nafion membranes. However, we encountered some issues during electrode preparation from the

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• coupling was proven in doubly clamped beams, square membranes and circular membranes [18][26][27][28][29][30][31]. For atomic force microscopy imaging, a slight angle between the sensing mechanical resonator and the sample of interest is required, ensuring that the only contact occurs between the sample