Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• started using glazed ceramics for metallic luster decorations [22]. These decorations showed amazing optical properties due to the existence of distinct Ag and/or Cu NPs isolated within the outermost glaze layers. These decorations are an example of metal nanoparticles that display iridescent bright green

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• 10.3762/bjnano.9.80 Abstract Background: Antibacterial materials are of high importance for medicine, and for the production and conservation of food. Among these materials, polymer films with metal nanoparticles (NPs) are of considerable interest for many practical applications. Results: The paper

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• ; antimicrobial properties; bactericidal effect; noble-metal nanoparticles; plasmonic photocatalysis; Introduction Environmental pollution and the lack of clean potable water are main issues facing human development. Although, various methods of efficient control and monitoring of waste management have been

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• groups for the attachment of metal nanoparticles. It is believed that the oxidative treatment may create defects to the hexagonal or pentagonal structures of the GR sheet in the nanotubes. The functional groups can be introduced at the bent parts, defect sites, and at the sidewall of the MWCNTs. Acid

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• . This formation is a result of notable contact between noble metal nanoparticles with a semiconductor. Plasmonic effects have been verified to increase the photocatalytic performance due to the intrinsic influences on the semiconductor photocatalyst. Plasmonic effects work to improve harvesting of

• of noble metal nanoparticles is significantly influenced by the LSPR frequency [17][18][19][20]. It must be noted that not all noble metal nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter are able to utilize visible light, as shown in Figure 3. Ag and Au NPs are relatively good at harvesting visible light as compared

• , algae, bacteria and yeasts [156][157][158][159][160][161]. Different types of biomolecules available in plants, for example, polysaccharides, phenolics, or flavonoids are capable of producing metal nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes [162]. This phytosynthesis is more favourable than that which

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• copolymers doped with noble metal nanoparticles are considered as promising hybrid materials that combine the plasmonic, catalytic or other functionality of nanoparticles, their periodic spatial arrangement in the microphase separated copolymer domains and the general processability of polymer matrices [3][4

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• need for electrodes, the development of surface potentials and the volatility of ammonia. Some of the methods are relatively slow and/or require expensive equipment. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop a rapid, accurate, simple and inexpensive method to detect NH3. Metal nanoparticles, and in

• particular silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are often considered for analytical application because of their peculiar optical and electrical properties [13]. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of metal nanoparticles are considered very useful for the use of colloidal solutions in the field of

L-Lysine-grafted graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and metal ions

• Yan Yan,
• Jie Li,
• Fangbei Kong,
• Kuankuan Jia,
• Shiyu He and
• Baorong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.268

• organic molecules and metal nanoparticles via covalent or non-covalent binding [13][14][15][16]. Recently, functionalized graphene materials have shown great potential as highly efficient absorbers for the treatment of environmental pollutants and wastewater purification [17][18][19]. However, most of the

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• Ioannis Kanelidis Tobias Kraus INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.263 Abstract Coinage-metal nanoparticles are key components of many printable electronic inks

• , prevents metallic contact in the deposited layers, and leads to low electrical conductivity [30][34]. Layers prepared from concentrated nanosized coinage-metal inks usually only become electrically conductive after a post-deposition sintering that removes ligands and fuses the metal nanoparticles

• . Sintering has been achieved by thermal decomposition of the ligands [35][36], light [37][38], plasma treatment [39], microwaves [40], electrical voltage applied to the film [41], chemical agents [42], or ageing [43]. Thermal decomposition, the conventional method for welding metal nanoparticles together

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• metals are readily immobilized on graphene oxide by means of cation exchange with carboxylic acid groups, followed by thermal reduction to produce metal nanoparticles supported on functionalized graphene. Such palladium nanoparticles supported on graphene were used as highly active catalysts for the

• reactive sites for the nucleation and growth of metal nanoparticles. The nucleation and growth mechanism depends on the degree of oxygen functionalization at the graphene surface sheets, such that no nanoparticles are obtained at totally reduced graphene surfaces [7][79]. TRGO is generally regarded as a

• deposited in the crystallographic open database (COD) (Figures S4–S19, Supporting Information File 1). For example, for PrF3 the PXRD matches the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure of praseodymium metal trifluoride with space group P63/mcm (Figure 1). The formation of metal fluorides instead of metal

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• glass; laser nanostructuring; optical properties of composite materials; Introduction The unique optical properties of noble-metal nanoparticles continue to attract the attention of researchers, especially in view of the potential industrial applications. The basic characteristics of the interaction of

• similar to those of both systems – transparent over a wide spectral range with specific features defined by the characteristics of the metal nanoparticles. The presence of nanoparticles may also lead to a significant change in the material’s refractive index, where its value and sign depend on the

• noble metal nanoparticles into dielectric oxide and polymer matrices results in a large increase of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, an enhancement of the photoluminescence signal from the matrix, a metamaterial-like behavior, and the possibility of modifying the conductivity of the

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• range of materials, such as proteins [16][17][18][19], carbon nanotubes [20][21][22][23] and metal nanoparticles through the direct assembly of these materials onto the DNA nanostructures [16][18][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The metallized DNA nanostructures have been used to pattern graphene [30]. DNA

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• inhibiting activity [5][6]. Reactivity of TiO2 under visible light (λ > 400 nm) can be achieved in several ways [7], including: (a) metal doping [8], (b) non-metal doping [9][10], (c) self-doping (reductive treatments) [11][12], (d) surface modification by noble-metal nanoparticles of silver (Ag), gold (Au

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• , Kaliskiego 2 Str. 00-908 Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.8.208 Abstract Core–shell nanostructures have found applications in many fields, including surface enhanced spectroscopy, catalysis and solar cells. Titania-coated noble metal nanoparticles, which combine the surface plasmon resonance properties of the

• few exceptions of more general methods [21]. Another difficulty in the coating process arises from the possibility of core particle agglomeration. Since metal nanoparticles are vulnerable to agglomeration, additional actions, such as the use of special conditions or additives, have to be undertaken to

• coating solution. Citrate stabilized AuNPs and AgNPs disperse well in the reaction mixture used, ethanol and acetonitrile, and do not undergo undesirable aggregation. In previously reported studies metal nanoparticles were usually synthesized and stabilized in a separate step from coating [27][28][29][30

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• attention should be paid to the selection of the laser excitation wavelength. The improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved by using ultrashort-pulsed laser sources (stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS)) or metal nanoparticles (surface-enhanced

• unique molecular tumor marker [88]. The contrast agents consisting of a targeting agent conjugated with optically active labels (metal nanoparticles, quantum dots) can be used for in vivo imaging of this biomarker. Sokolov et al [89] reported the use of gold nanoparticles for the molecular targeted

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• . The similar localization of Tween 80-coated nanoparticles was observed in MCF-7 cells as well. The same results of endocytic NP accumulation in cells was demonstrated in different studies with UCNPs [31], quantum dots [32], magnetic nanomaterials [33] and noble metal nanoparticles [34]. Cell viability

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• nanoparticles not only renders the nanoparticles biocompatible but also gives rise to distinct optical properties [18][19]. Noble metal nanoparticles, such as gold and silver, possess the unique property of surface plasmon resonance (SPR); the latter exhibit a strong extinction band in the visible region [19

• the hollow nanostructure. As noted above, PVP is widely used as a colloidal stabilizer to inhibit the aggregation of metal nanoparticles such as gold [49][50][51][52], silver [53][54], platinum [55][56][57], palladium [46][57][58][59], nickel [60][61], and cobalt [62][63]. To verify this hypothesis in

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls

• Carlos Angulo Barrios and
• Víctor Canalejas-Tejero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1231–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.124

• example, noble metal nanoparticles could be introduced in the nanocages by using this procedure. Thus, the resulting configurations might act as gas–solid catalysis nanoreactors by taking advantage of the gas permeability of the nanocage. Low-reactive metal carbonates could also be caged in this manner

Optical response of heterogeneous polymer layers containing silver nanostructures

• Miriam Carlberg,
• Florent Pourcin,
• Olivier Margeat,
• Judikaël Le Rouzo,
• Gérard Berginc,
• Rose-Marie Sauvage,
• Jörg Ackermann and
• Ludovic Escoubas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.108

• ; Introduction Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are of considerable interest in various domains, ranging from chemistry to medicine and light filtering [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Silver NPs are especially challenging because of the possibility to control the phenomenon of light–matter interaction in the visible

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• noble metal nanoparticles on glass substrates via nanoimprinting and dewetting of metallic thin films. Glass templates were made via pattern transfer from a topographic Si mold to an inorganically cross-linked sol–gel (IGSG) resist on glass using a two-layer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp followed by

• sol–gel silica at 550 °C and then dewetted at high temperatures (≈300–500 °C) to form nanoparticles. Figure 5 shows the visual appearance of a transparent glass substrate with a Ag nanoparticle array at low magnification. The metal nanoparticles formed in a square region of approximately 20 × 20 mm2

• the silicon master mold, can be a useful and cost-effective process that substitutes for the use of a silicon template produced using the LIL method. In conclusion, ordered arrays of noble metal nanoparticles were assembled on glass templates using a combination of nanoimprinting and thermal dewetting

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• growth was also actively debated. In the last decades, it was reported that metal nanoparticles can undergo partial carburization, i.e., the chemical transformation of metal into metal carbide, and subsequent reverse decomposition during the synthesis of carbon filaments and nanotubes by the catalytic

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• metal nanoparticles that is based on a cyano rather than a thiol or thiolate anchor group. The silver particles used to evaluate the effectiveness of the new stabilizer typically have a bimodal size distribution with hydrodynamic diameters of ca. 13 and ca. 79 nm. Polymer stability was evaluated as a

• suggesting that α-((4-cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol) is a good stabilizer for metal nanoparticles in aqueous media unless very high pH conditions are present in the system. The study thus demonstrates that cyano groups can be viable alternatives to the more conventional thiol/thiolate

• the cyano groups. Especially the cyano group is interesting because of its relatively high metal binding capability (although lower than that of the thiol group) [36] and its stability in a variety of chemical environments [37]. Yet, the number of reports on stabilizers for metal nanoparticles with a

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• desorption [15]. Beside these promising results, it is already well known that the modification of CNTs with selected materials can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of CNT-based sensors for several harmful gases [16]. The aim of decorating carbon nanotubes with metal nanoparticles (NPs) is to

• investigated gases. Typicall, a high operating temperature (>400 °C) will reduce the catalytic properties of metal nanoparticles, as they tend to agglomerate in clusters of larger size, thus reducing their surface area, with a consequent decrease of the gas sensitivity. Moreover, MWCNTs could decompose at

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• this reason, a new class of phosphine oxide functionalized CNMs can be of interest. Not to say of the wide possibilities offered by the production of metal nanohybrid upon complexation of metal nanoparticles or metal ions by the phosphine functionalities [26]. Results and Discussion The CNMs substrates