Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• biological properties. As a result of the performed characterizations, it was revealed that monodisperse AgSbS2 NCs were obtained in high purity and crystallinity. A remarkable antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgSbS2 NCs was identified by exhibiting an ability to suppress microbial growth against

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• of NP size and size distribution. As a result, the crucial experimental parameters were determined providing strategies to reduce the formation of large NPs and to produce monodisperse small nanocrystals [1][5]. However, the goal of controlled nanomaterials synthesis by PLAL is still not completely

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• inversion composition (PIC) method (Figure 1a), and exhibited droplet diameters of approximately 140 and 210 nm, respectively. An increase in droplet size was observed upon PHYT incorporation (p < 0.05). The polydispersity index (PdI) of the samples was below 0.2, indicating a monodisperse distribution, as

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• droplet uniformity with a monodisperse profile [93]; (3) maximizing lecithin’s performance in forming LO droplets through monolayer micelles [81]; (4) avoiding excess surfactant molecules to maintain biocompatibility [94][95]; and (5) maintaining a negative surface charge density greater than −30 mV for

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• correlations [18]. Furthermore, even though the size distributions reported in this work were not strictly monodisperse, size-separation techniques based on centrifugation are well established in the literature and could be applied to HEA NPs as well [109], even in a continuous operation mode using tubular

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• ultrafast phenomena, enabling precise control of material properties [55][56][57][58]. This advancement has catalyzed new directions in nanomaterial processing and synthesis, such as producing controlled NPs through ultrafast laser–matter interactions. A notable example is the production of monodisperse NPs

• must be structurally (morphologically) identical to the extent dictated by the image resolution. This condition is practically achievable due to remarkable advancements in monodisperse NP synthesis. Each single-pulse coherent diffraction pattern is collected from a new, fresh specimen with completely

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• , Supporting Information File 1. For curcumin, the influence of particle size on extinction, absorption, and scattering was calculated based on the Mie theory (using the program MiePlot [72]) for spherical particles in a range of 0.1 to 1000 µm at wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm (Figure 7). For monodisperse

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• significant particles aggregation. The PDI values remained stable across all formulations after redispersion. APT-CD-NP4 (from 0.2 ± 0.4 to 0.1 ± 0.5) and APT-PX-NP8 (0.1 ± 0.5 to 0.1 ± 0.6) retained their monodisperse distribution, while the PDI of other formulations remained at 1.0, indicating controlled

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• the size, requiring a monodisperse or at least monomodal size distribution. As an example, gold NPs with a narrow particle size distribution achieve a higher detection sensitivity in sensing applications [9]. Besides, NP size is critical for biomedical applications, where deviations from the optimum

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• ensures sufficient time for the formation of well-defined, monodisperse nanoparticles with consistent size and shape. The monodispersity of the nanoparticles is critical for their uniform behavior in biological and industrial applications, as it influences factors such as drug loading efficiency and

• , a measure of molecular mass distribution in a given polymer sample, was calculated to be 0.439 (Figure 2a). Typically, a PDI value near 0.3 indicates a monodisperse particle distribution, which is desirable for uniformity in size and performance [30]. However, the slightly elevated PDI observed here

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• attributed to differences in particle sizes and monodispersity. TEM and DLS measurements revealed that ʟ-car-AgNP1 nanoparticles were spherical and monodisperse, whereas the other nanoparticles (ʟ-car-AgNP2–5) exhibited polydispersity and non-spherical shapes. This is in accordance with results from Jiji et

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• that the CDs have a monodisperse distribution and a spherical structure (Figure 2a) [16]. Additionally, ImageJ software was used to analyze the size distribution of CDs. Most of the CDs were in the range of 1.0–2.5 nm with an average size of 1.5 nm (Figure 2b). The XRD pattern of the prepared CDs is

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• showed good PDI values of 0.123 and 0.249 for silver and gold nanospheres, respectively (Figure 2c). The very low PDIs prove that the nanospheres are monodisperse and non-aggregated. A PDI of less than 0.3 typically indicates a relatively narrow and well-controlled size distribution [40]. CTAB forms a

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• method is effective for loosely bound monodisperse particles such as polystyrene latex or gold particles. However, it can be challenging when dealing with highly agglomerated and cohesive particles such as TiO2, especially for laboratories without prior experience. The authors have chosen to use “E171

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• , Table S1). CUR loading did not change significantly the particle size. The particles were quite monodisperse as indicated by the relatively low PDI values. In addition, the zeta potential values of CUR-HSA-MPs (−15.30 ± 0.02 mV) and HSA-MPs (−14.50 ± 0.06 mV) were similar. The zeta potential analysis of

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• solvent are used (e.g., deionized/polished deionized water or common buffer) allowing for comparison to other studies. Regarding standard practices, ASTM E3247 provides excellent advice for the assessment of monodisperse samples by DLS with a focus of accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, and bias in

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• monodisperse nanoparticles and to modify the surface properties to fully exploit the advantages offered by self-assembly. Biomolecules, such as peptides and proteins, have been demonstrated to be useful in the synthesis and self-assembly of inorganic nanostructures [15][16]. Herein, we have investigated the

• , indicating highly monodisperse (PDI < 0.080) particles. At all concentrations, the particles were organized into a branched fibrillar network, which is characteristic to the gel state of colloidal SiO2 (Figure 2) [26]. Colloidal gels are formed when colloidally suspended particles form a branched fibrillar

• with increasing SiBP concentrations (Figure 3e,f). The PDI for the NH3 + 1 mM SiBP was lower compared to other groups containing NH3, indicating a narrower size distribution. However, the other groups also yielded monodisperse distributions with PDIs below 0.080 (Figure 3a–d). The second hypothesis of

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• mol of acetylacetonate and up to 5.5 mol/mol. Below the mentioned limit, NPM dispersions were colloidally unstable, and at higher ratios no NPM were formed which could be precipitated by an applied magnetic field. Monodisperse nanoparticles of iron oxides were synthesized with a diameter of 8–13 nm

• sextet is composed of broadened and asymmetric lines. It can be well described by a discrete distribution of hyperfine fields, which also leads to an average isomeric shift corresponding to the presence of only Fe3+ moieties. Thus, it can be concluded that the described nanoparticles are monodisperse and

• of maghemite nanoparticles. These observations agree with the result of the present study, confirming the monodisperse nature of the maghemite nanoparticles obtained. The TMU-V nanoparticle sample was also measured at 300 and 77 K (Figure 6), and the profiles differ from those observed for the TMO-I

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• particle size depended on the molar ratio of DSPE-DTPA/Au3+/BDP (Table 1). The particle sizes of AB-LNPs changed with the amount of the grafted BDP on the surface of Au-LNPs. AB-LNPs with optimal molar ratio showed appropriate particle size, monodisperse distribution, rice-like shape, and high drug loading

• related with the DSPE-DTPA/Au3+/BDP molar ratio. Using the optimal DSPE-DTPA/Au3+/BDP molar ratio of 2:1:1, AB-LNPs with appropriate particle size and monodisperse distribution could be prepared reproducibly at 25 °C. AB-LNPs demonstrated excellent stability, good photothermal conversion efficiency, and

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• min followed by sonication using an ultrasonic bath (Wise Clean, Korea, 210 W, 40 kHz), at 40% sonication strength, and three cycles of 30 min to obtain monodisperse vesicles and to enhance encapsulation efficiency [44][45]. Then, ETHs were collected by centrifugation at 10.000 rpm for 30 min. For the

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• applications [7][8]. Many viruses and VLPs form monodisperse particles due to the natural capsid protein symmetry and inter-subunit interactions, as well as interactions with encapsidated genetic material [9][10]. Viruses can be obtained in high yields by propagation in host organisms, and viral capsid

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• , Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.13.2 Abstract Sputter deposition of atoms onto liquid substrates aims at producing colloidal dispersions of small monodisperse ultrapure nanoparticles (NPs). Since sputtering onto liquids combines the advantages of the physical vapor deposition technique and classical

• the composition of surrounding media, it is extremely important to control these parameters. Nowadays, an interested reader can find thousands of different recipes of NP synthesis allowing one to prepare stable colloidal solutions of monodisperse NPs. However, not all published synthetic procedures

• reputation of a method permitting the production of ultrapure monodisperse NPs without additional stabilizing and reducing reagents. Despite the fact that low-pressure plasma-based sputtering is known since 1852 and widely used in industry [6][7][8], the SoL approach is not a well-established field yet

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• increase in the coordination number. We should note that the results presented here assume the self-assembly of monodisperse spherical particles suspended in a monovalent salt solution arranged in a uniform starting configuration. Given the Brownian nature of colloidal particles, future simulations should