Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• matrix proteins on the physical properties of the respective nanoparticles. Specifically, this work systematically explores the relationship between SPNP formulation parameters and nanoparticle morphology, while also providing detailed insights into size distributions and uniformities. Results and

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• treatment of cutaneous melanoma has remained unknown. In this study, we synthesized Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticle clusters, examined their morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tested their capacity of light-to-heat conversion. Then, we evaluated the effectiveness of the as-synthesized

• morphology of the as-synthesized nanoparticle clusters was characterized with a JEOL JEM-2100 transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The synthesized Fe3O4 NPCs were diluted in RPMI 1640 medium to a final concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. The particle size distribution was

• . Characterization of the superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters. (a) TEM image revealing cubic morphology of individual Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a uniform diameter of ca. 5.2 nm. Scale bar: 20 nm. (b) SEM image of clustered Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 329.2 nm. Scale bar: 1 µm. (c

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• concentration (4–12%) and addition of PLGA (20–80%) on the spinnability of the solutions, morphology, average nanofiber diameter, encapsulation efficiency, drug release, and mechanical properties of PLA and PLA/PLGA nanofibers were examined. All nanofibers were bead-free and uniform. They had favorable

• desired properties (average nanofiber diameter, morphology, in vitro drug release, and mechanical properties) of PLA nanofibers. Keywords: ampicillin trihydrate; electrospinning; nanofiber; PLA nanofiber; PLA/PLGA nanofiber; Introduction Polymeric nanofibers have been widely used in many fields such as

• ampicillin trihydrate-loaded implantable PLA and PLA/PLGA polymeric nanofibers for controlled drug release with favorable properties for the use in tissue engineering. In this study, ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA and PLA/PLGA nanofibers with acceptable morphology, nanofiber diameter, mechanical properties

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• , pitting is always distributed along a line. Wang et al. [26] found that pitting occurs preferentially at the shear offsets on a pre-deformed Zr-based MG due to the higher chemical activity of offset sites compared with the surrounding flat region. This influence of surface morphology was also shown for

Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• is performed in 100% water. Furthermore, the water content in the solvent affects the general morphology of the product: While dispersed NPs are obtained in pure ethanol or methanol, adding water leads to the formation of network-like structures as reported in Figures S2–S18 (Supporting Information

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• generated free electrons (e−) react with molecular oxygen to generate superoxide radicals by reduction. Several factors contribute to the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, such as the structural phase (anatase, brookite, or rutile), defects in the lattice, the degree of crystallinity, morphology

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• diffraction analyses were used to study the morphology and to confirm the beta phase in fibers. The results reveal that the nanofibers made from solutions with high concentration were smooth and defect-free, compared to the fibers obtained from solutions with low concentration, and possess high crystallinity

• characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine morphology and crystalline structure, respectively. Sensor development, its embedding, and testing The prepared PVDF nanofibrous mesh was folded into a square shape (4 cm2) with 2 mm thickness for sensor

• lockstitch machine. The sensor was worn on the knee and the bending angle of the knee was changed from 0° to 45°, 90°, and 120° to check the piezoelectric output with a digital oscilloscope. Results and Discussion SEM analysis SEM was used to study the diameter and morphology of PVDF nanofibers developed

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• Parameters affecting fiber size, morphology, and structures The size and the morphology of the electrospun fibers can be controlled by the precise regulation of several parameters, which are classified into three categories, that is, process parameters, solution parameters, and ambient parameters. The

• results are obtained after changes of parameters. 3.1 Process parameters 3.1.1 Applied voltage. The applied voltage is one of the most critical parameters that affect fiber morphology. The applied voltage aids the polymer to overcome its surface tension and form the polymer jet. After forming the Taylor

• collector distance was reduced, while the ribbon shaped morphology was preserved [26]. The combination of applied voltage and spinning distance is important. Longer distances allow for a greater time for jet stretching and solvent evaporation at low applied voltages, but they diminish the electric field (E

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• organic solvents that are used in some construction materials. This article contains an overview of how 3D photonic crystals are used for the creation of a new test system for nonpolar organic solvents. The morphology and structural parameters of the photonic crystals, based upon a crystalline colloidal

• Determination of the morphology and the structural parameters of the sensor A comparison between the specular reflectance and the diffuse reflectance spectra tested in the “specular component included (SCI)” and “specular component excluded (SCE)” modes has shown (Figure 1a) that the maximum of the diffuse

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• . Additionally, HbMP were prepared with a spiked hemoglobin solution as well as under standard process conditions as a control. Hemoglobin microparticles – size, zeta potential, morphology In addition to particle preparation with spiked hemoglobin, particles were also prepared using the standard protocol. The

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• morphology. Recent studies have been focused on the modification of properties of SnO2 to increase the photocatalytic efficiency of SnO2, including bandgap engineering, defect regulation, surface engineering, heterojunction construction, and using co-catalysts, which will be thoroughly highlighted in this

• morphology [25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, pure SnO2 suffers from some inherent drawbacks that limit its practical applications. With a wide bandgap (3.5–3.7 eV) [31][32], SnO2 can only be excited by UV irradiation. As a typical oxidation photocatalyst with the CB edge energy level, which is not conducive

• depends on many factors, including the structure and energy band, surface and defect states, morphology, etc. For that reason, recent studies are being focused on the modification of properties of SnO2 to upgrade the photocatalytic efficiency of SnO2, including bandgap engineering, defect regulation

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• reproducibility of the colloidal synthesis, especially during the synthesis of NPs with non-spherical morphology [4]. Dust. Dust particles present in the solvent affect the size distribution of formed NPs [77]. Filtration of reagents allows for obtaining NPs with narrow size distribution [112]. Because SoL is a

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• regulation of cell activity, and hence to the health level of organisms. Here, the morphology and mechanical properties of normal pancreatic cells (HDPE6-C7) and pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3) were studied by atomic force microscopy. In addition, the mechanical properties of MIA PaCa-2

• ultrastructure of living cells [15][16], cell membranes, membrane proteins [17][18] and DNA [19], and through recording single molecular force spectra [20][21]. However, the morphology and the nanoscale mechanical properties of malignant pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) under anticancer drug treatment have not

• < 0.001. Results and Discussion The nanostructure of different types of cells The morphology of different types of cells characterized by laser confocal microscopy is shown in Figure 2a–d. It is apparent that HPDE6-C7 cells are oval or round with a cell size of tens of micrometers (Figure 2a). BxPC-3

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• 5.0 × 10−7 Pa) was used with a polychromatic Mg X-ray source (Mg Kα, 1253.4 eV). A standard superficial surface sputtering with Ar+ ions was applied using 1 kV of acceleration voltage. The Shirley background was subtracted for all spectra. The morphology of each sample was analyzed by a scanning

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• magnetocrystalline anisotropy, high saturation magnetization, and coercivity even at room temperature as compared to others [15]. The substitution of metal cations M+ for cobalt, nickel, and zinc contributes to diverse magnetic properties, morphology, and size of iron oxide NPs [13][16] along with varied tissue

• of the (311) plane [30]: where D is the average crystallite size, K = 0.94, λ = 1.54 Å is the X-ray wavelength, β represents the full width at half maximum (FWHM), and θ represents the Bragg's diffraction angle. The surface morphology and major elemental composition were obtained by high-resolution

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• surfaces. The changes in the micro- and macroscale morphology of the leaves should improve our understanding of the way that plants defend themselves against insect herbivores. Keywords: cuticular ridges; insect adhesion; leaf surfaces; ontogeny; polarity; surface replication; Introduction The plant

• morphological changes and structural integrity of plant surfaces. Whereas the architecture of the cuticular structures and the associated functionalities have been well studied, detailed analyses concerning growth-induced changes in the morphology of cuticular structures are largely absent. Hong et al. [22

• stage 4. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, positive mold) replicas of the leaf surfaces aided the study of the ontogenetic variation in the morphology of the ridges. Some leaf material, but only at stages 2A and 3, remained attached to the epoxy (negative mold) replicas during the replication process

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• thermal annealing of the gold thin film. Thermal dewetting of gold film results in spherical gold nanostructures with average dimensions of 50 nm. Both, luminescent TiO2:Eu and TeO2:Eu films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering from mosaic targets. The morphology of the gold nanostructures was

• obtain uniform heating of substrates and homogeneous films, a rotation of sample holder equal to 1 rpm was employed. All deposition parameters are collected in Table 1. A schematic view of the prepared samples is presented in Figure 1. To analyze the morphology of the plasmonic platforms, a Zeiss

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• verify the presence of the aggregates of the CoFe2O4 we investigated the morphology of the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (Figure 5a) and of the PVDF-TrFe/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites (Figure 5b) using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). As shown in Figure 5b, the morphology of the produced

• °C and a DC magnetic field was applied through a ferromagnetic core (Figure 8). The morphology of the PVDF-TrFe/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite thin films was investigated using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Auriga, Carl Zeiss) operated with an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. Chemical

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• surface morphology of a pure PVdF-HFP film, {(PVdF-HFP)-[BDiMIM][Cl]} (4:6), and ({(PVdF-HFP)-[BDiMIM][Cl]} (4:6)) (20 wt %) + [PC-Mg(ClO4)2 (0.3 M)] (80 wt %), where PC is the plasticizer propylene carbonate, was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and is depicted in Figure 1a–c

• . Figure 1a shows the surface morphology of a pure PVdF-HFP film, indicating an uneven and rough surface of the crystalline polymer. Upon the addition of the ionic liquid [BDiMIM][Cl] on PVdF-HFP, the sizes of the grains start decreasing and the membrane becomes flexible and appears as a swollen structure

• (Figure 1b). Furthermore, when the mixture of PC-Mg(ClO4)2 is added to the film, it becomes more amorphous with no crystalline grains and no dissolved salts (Figure 1c). The smoothness of the film suggests the amorphous nature of electrolyte films. Similar morphology features were obtained in our previous

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• embedded in a freestanding GaAs/AlGaAs membrane [44][45][46][47][48]. It has been shown that morphology manipulation of semiconductor QDs such as size, shape, strain distribution, or inhomogenities can influence the coupling strength of electron–phonon (e–ph) interactions [49]. The phononic effects appears

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• , morphologies, and gas analytes. The focus is to investigate the morphology-driven gas response of these fab-fracs and identify key parameters of fractal geometry in influencing gas response. Fab-fracs with roughened microstructure, pore-network connectivity, and fractal dimension (D) less than 2 are projected

• to be possessing better gas sensing capabilities. Fab-fracs with these salient features will help in designing the commercial gas sensors with better performance. Keywords: adsorption sites; fabricated fractal; fractal dimension; gas sensor; morphology; pore network; recovery time; response time

• number L also characterizes fractal textures and quantifies the fractal-to-fractal gaps; the higher the lacunarity, the lower is the homogeneity [49]. In fractal studies, surface morphology, geometrical features, and degree of self-organization of materials are determined through these dimensionless

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• fibres. In this study, cobalt-decorated fibres are prepared, and the influence of carbonisation temperature on the resulting particle decoration, as well as on fibre structure and morphology is discussed. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron

• temperatures. As a result of cobalt migration in the material the resulting overall morphology is that of turbostratic carbon. Nitrogen removal and nitrogen-type distribution are enhanced by the cobalt additives. At lower carbonisation temperatures cobalt is distributed over the surface of the fibres, whereas

• electrospinning method. The influence of the carbonisation temperature on the graphitisation process and the particle morphology of fibres and cobalt-species was investigated. The fibre mats were applied as free-standing air electrodes in aqueous alkaline metal–air battery half-cells and investigated with respect

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• the output of MD simulations [20]. In a pioneering study [13], IDMD was successfully applied for the simulation of FEBID of W(CO)6 precursors on a SiO2 surface and enabled to predict the morphology, molecular composition, and growth rate of tungsten-based nanostructures emerging on the surface during

• process, including nucleation of Pt atoms, formation of small metal clusters on the surface followed by their aggregation, and eventually, the formation of dendritic platinum nanostructures. The morphology of the nanostructures grown during the FEBID process has not yet been thoroughly investigated on the

• , morphology, size, and metal content of the deposited Pt-containing material are quantitatively analyzed as functions of electron fluence and adsorbate concentration. Computational Methodology Computer simulations of the FEBID process of Pt(PF3)4 have been performed by means of the MBN Explorer software

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• phenylketonuria. Bera et al. [37] studied the effect of chiral on aromatic amino acid self-assembly. They found that the hybrid ᴅʟ system (racemate) alters the morphology and dynamics of the assemblies. For example, either ʟ-phenylalanine or ᴅ-phenylalanine can form amyloid fibers, but the ᴅʟ system shows a

• performance [58]. In addition, Liu et al. [59], inspired by the cystine pathological biomineralization process, developed a zinc-directed cystine assembly to mimic chloroplast photosynthesis. Zn2+ promotes rapid nucleation of cystine crystals and regulates crystal morphology through splitting growth

• candidates for various applications such as drug delivery, imaging, diagnosis, and photochemistry. The morphology and structure of self-assembled nanomaterials can be flexibly adjusted by transforming the type, proportion, and concentration of the building blocks. This newer area of research is therefore

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• performance, ETL should have a high reduction potential and appropriate HOMO and LUMO values relative to the p-type emitter and HTL [68]. Other factors affecting their performance include a high electron mobility, an amorphous morphology, a high glass transition temperature, and the ability to be deposited as