The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• preferential facet binding in the solution phase. The seed-mediated approach is a multistep controlled redox reaction utilizing metal seed nanocrystals of 1.5–4.0 nm. The seed particles are synthesized by reducing precursor gold salt using an excess amount of a strong reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride

• nanocrystals with high-index {771} facets. The nanoparticles with high-index planes exhibited higher catalytic activity due to high density of atoms with low coordination number compared to nanoparticles with low-index facets such as {100}, {111}, or {110}. Chirea et al. synthesized polycrystalline gold

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• AgNPs enter the body where they gain a protein corona, aggregate, and dissolve to Ag+. Ionic silver may precipitate in the anion-rich environment of different tissues, where Ag binds to S, resulting in nanocrystals. Aggregation and corona–NP destabilisation can also lead to precipitation. Whole blood

• ) PLL-AgNPs in PBS, (c) electron-beam-induced transformation of cubic nanocrystals formed after incubation of AgNPs in PBS, (d) AgNPs formed after Ag+ incubation in 1% (w/v) of liver homogenate, (e) AgNPs formed after Ag+ incubation in 1% (w/v) of brain homogenate, (f) HAADF images of AgNPs formed after

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• ]. Here, neon line irradiation of an Si(25 nm)/SiO2(6.5 nm)/Si(bulk) stack was used to induce collisional mixing of silicon atoms into the buried SiO2 layer. Upon subsequent thermal annealing, 1D chains of silicon nanocrystals of 2.2 nm diameter self-assembled in the center of the SiO2 layer. A TEM-based

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• grains of WO3 nanocrystals in different sizes (hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers). Smaller grains are uniformly distributed on the surface of larger grains (Figure 3). Gas sensing measurements on gas permeable pellets Ni@rGO was then mixed with WO3 xerogel and pressed into pellets to be

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• beam-induced surface activation (EBISA) are studied with the precursors Fe(CO)5 and Co(CO)3NO on SAMs of 1,1′,4′,1′′-terphenyl-4-thiol (TPT). For Co(CO)3NO only EBID leads to deposits consisting of cobalt oxide. In the case of Fe(CO)5 EBID and EBISA yield deposits consisting of iron nanocrystals with

• irradiation (100 eV, 120 mC/cm2) the whole surface of the cross-linked SAM is afterwards covered with clean iron nanocrystals (Figure S6d,e in Supporting Information File 1). The insulating ultrathin CNM is covered with a thin layer of conductive ferromagnetic iron crystals. By this process laterally

• this transfer process with EBID structures fabricated from Fe(CO)5 are depicted in Figure 4. The SE micrograph in Figure 4a depicts a several micrometers large marker structure fabricated via EBID + AG using Fe(CO)5. Through the AG process iron nanocrystals are formed (Figure 4b). After the transfer

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• recent years, a wide range of chemical methods have been successfully implemented for the synthesis of Cu–Au nanosystems of various percentages, the use of which led to the production of Cu–Au nanoparticles with spherical [4], pentagonal [5], rod-like [6][7], and cubic [8] shapes. Nanocrystals of a gold

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• flow cytometry through the measurement of side-scattered light, which is proportional to changes in cell granularity or to the internal complexity. Results and Discussion Preparation and characterization of upconversion nanoparticles Oleate-functionalized NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals were prepared by a

• + is released from NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals [19]. Dong et al. reported an analogous observation for the ratio of Y3+ and Gd3+ during a partial disintegration of NaGdF4:Y3+,Tb3+ [61]. This finding can be explained assuming that Y3+ ions are concentrated at the nanoparticle surface and, consequently, are

• dissolution processes) in the cellular environment as these processes reduce the viability of the investigated cells due to ion release. Coating NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals with silica shells with two different thickness values is an efficient way to reduce the release of toxic ions from these particles and

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• instruments lack the spatial resolving power of the HIM [44]. An interesting and well-characterised geomicrobiological test system for HIM-SIMS spectrometers would be magnetosomes synthesised by magnetotactic bacteria, which are Fe3O4 nanocrystals of about 50 nm length [45]. HIM-SIMS also appears to be a

• the development of mammalian tooth enamel [67][71]. Tooth enamel consists of hydroxyapatite crystals, which form needle-shaped nanocrystals of several micrometres length with a diameter below 100 nm. HIM revealed insight into the complex interactions between the enamel-forming cells, matrix proteins

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• also detect channeling-related contrast on polycrystalline silicon, thallium chloride nanocrystals, and single-crystalline silicon by comparing the signal transmitted at different directions for the same data set. Keywords: bright-field; channeling; dark-field; delay line detector; helium ion

• see channeling-related contrast in DF. Employing DF and post-processing, we see a contrast dependence on the orientation of thallium chloride nanocrystals. Finally, beam steering effects were shown to occur for a single-crystalline silicon sample. (a) Schematic representation of the STIM experiment

Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• ], the fabrication of graphene nanomeshes [8], the formation of single Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 for single-electron transistors [9], the spatially resolved engineering of the thermal conductivity in individual Si nanowires [10], as well as the creation of nano-Josephson superconducting tunnel

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• show a strong tendency to agglomerate and aggregate and consequently form large particles. In this context, extensive studies have been conducted to obtain monodisperse and single-morphology Ag2S NPs. Dong et al. prepared faceted and cubic Ag2S nanocrystals using a cost-effective cetyltrimethylammonium

• , Shimadzu) was employed to estimate the chemical composition of the Ag2S NPs. The morphology and size of the nanocrystals were examined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM; EM208, Philips). Raman spectroscopy was performed on colloidal Ag2S and thiourea solution using a Raman spectrometer (Bruker

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• micro- and the nanoscale [29][39][40][41] as well as the sorting of protein nanocrystals with a streaming insulator-based DEP technique [42][43][44]. The Swami and Chou groups have studied protein particle enrichment in high-conductivity media employing devices with nanoscale gaps and reported both

Optically and electrically driven nanoantennas

• Monika Fleischer,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1542–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.136

• SERS signal under operation conditions. Moving further towards the (near-) infrared regime, different antennas are employed in a surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) configuration [45]. Here the aim is to detect low concentrations of semiconductor nanocrystals through maximum local enhancement

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• the dipole–dipole interaction between their building blocks (small hexagonal faceted magnetite nanocrystals), which are formed during the first step of the reaction. The study suggests a facile, green and controllable method for synthesizing anisotropic magnetic nanoparticles in the absence of

• obtained at a slightly acidic pH. Thus, we determined the optimum pH for nanorod preparation. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results showed that the synthesized nanorods were single crystals formed by the magnetic-field-assisted growth of small nanocrystals, whereas some amount of

• these nanocrystals still persists in the reaction products. Results and Discussion Main synthetic routes The effect of pH on the magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles was studied by adding 2 mL of the iron ion solution (1 M FeCl3 and 0.5 M FeSO4 in 0.1 M HCl) to 5 mL of NaOH

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• . This article presents the synthesis of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO3 (BTO-PTh) nanoparticles via an in situ Cu(II)-catalyzed chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene monomer on hydrothermally obtained tetragonal BTO nanocrystals. The formed core–shell-type BTO-PTh nanoparticles exhibit

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• oxidation. Tungsten oxide nanocrystals also have photothermal properties due to strong absorption in the range of visible and NIR light [101]. Recently, it was demonstrated that WO3−x nanocrystals display an efficient antibacterial activity towards E. coli based on their capability to induce bacterial

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• slightly different shapes. Figure 3C provides a detailed view of a triangular nanoparticle in which the layers of the gold atoms in the nanocrystals can be seen. Figure 3D displays a pentagonal nanoparticle which is constituted by five associated triangles. Figure 3E shows a hexagonal nanoparticle with a

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• applications in development in advanced gas sensors and, so far, are the only Te-based nanostructured sensors tested with this purpose. Besides, it can also be observed that nanostructuring is mostly performed via phase transformations, such as hydrothermal recrystallization and growth of Te nanocrystals

• nanostructured Te films were studied with a special focus on the gas-response kinetics. Results and Discussion Sample preparation, morphology and structure Two methods were used to nanostructure Te-based films: growth of Te nanocrystals on Pyrex glass substrates or deposition of amorphous Te films onto

• predominant growth orientation of the nanocrystals. As a counter example, the XRD pattern of a Te film grown on Al2O3 substrates with a higher deposition rate ≈30 nm/s (Figure 2B, adapted from [27]) only shows two weak Te peaks (ASTM, 4-554). These type of films are considered amorphous. It should also be

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• materials like Ag, grain boundaries occur mostly because of the different orientation of nanocrystals. Since the elastic strain energy strongly increases with angular misfit, small-angle grain boundaries are the most likely ones. Thus, most contact areas are not far from (stepped) high-symmetry crystal

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• work [37], bubble-electrospinning was used to prepare Cu(Ac)2/Zn(Ac)2/PVDF/PAN on a large scale. Subsequently, PVDF/PAN CNFMs loaded with CuO and ZnO nanocrystals were prepared using heat treatment and hydrothermal synthesis. However, the diameter distribution of CNFMs obtained by bubble

• dried in the electrothermal oven, and then the dried CNFMs were packed in self-sealing bags for subsequent tests and applications. The growth mechanism of CuO and ZnO nanocrystals on the calcined CNFMs using hydrothermal synthesis is as follows. When C6H12N4 is added to the solution, a large amount of

• ammonium ions will be released, and copper ions and zinc ions will form [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and [Zn(NH3)4]2+, respectively. Finally, Cu(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2 are formed under alkaline conditions after the addition of NH3·H2O. At a certain temperature and pressure, the water evaporate, and CuO and ZnO nanocrystals will

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• carbon. The annealing at the temperature of 850 °C did not cause the conversion of amorphous carbon nanoparticles to nanocrystals, and the LAL processing of the annealed-HTC carbon particles also produced amorphous carbon nanoparticles. The size distribution of the soybean-derived nanoparticles is

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• the use of emergent nanomaterials. Over the last decade, a number of novel and optically active nanomaterials involving semiconductor or metal nanocrystals enabled the development of sensing devices with rather simple transduction mechanisms [3]. For example, the aggregation-induced color change of a

• giving rise to the so-called localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The position and the bandwidth of the LSPR can be modulated by the shape of the nanocrystals and can vary between 400 and 2000 nm. The high absorption cross section (plasmonic nanoparticles absorb photons over a region about ten

• times larger than their physical diameters) [59], and the lack of photobleaching (unlike organic fluorescent dyes and semiconductor nanocrystals) are additional parameters making plasmonic nanocrystals attractive materials for biosensing. Importantly, the position of the plasmon band and its bandwidth