Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• injection pulsed-pressure chemical vapor deposition (DLI-PP-CVD). Such samples are constituted of nanoflakes (with a lateral size of typically 50 nm, i.e., well below the laser spot size), with possibly a distribution of thicknesses and twist angles between stacked layers. As an essential preliminary, we

• . However, atomic force microscopy revealed that they are constituted of nanoflakes (with a lateral size of typically 50 nm) with possibly a distribution of thicknesses. Furthermore, depending on the synthesis conditions, the MoS2 surface coverage can be incomplete, and the thin film average thickness can

• of nanoflakes and, thus, significantly different from the reference samples. Finally, an original procedure based on the layer breathing mode intensities is proposed to evaluate the surface coverage for each N, that is, the ratio between the surface covered by exactly N layers and the total surface

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• interconnected nanoflakes, which formed a porous 3D structure uniformly distributed over the entire surface of the nickel foam (Figure 1d). The morphology of the catalysts changed after the combination of GO with NiFe and CoNiFe (Figure 1e,f). In each case, the SEM images clearly show the complete coverage of

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• photocatalyst that can be applied industrially for the remediation of a variety of pollutants in contaminated water. First, photocatalytic activity is significantly influenced by the morphology (e.g., nanoplates, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanocuboids, nanoflakes, nanosheets, nanocapsules, nanocasts, or

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• phyllosilicate that can be exfoliated into nanoflakes with great mechanical properties. Sodium cholate at two different concentrations (below and at the critical micelar concentration), butanone, and Triton-X100 were employed as exfoliation medium for talc. Using recent published statistical analysis methods

• allows it to be employed to obtain nanoflakes of a collection of materials such as graphene [3][7], hexagonal boron nitride [8], transition metal dichalcogenides [9], and others [10][11]. Although the experimental setup is generally designed as described before [6], numerous parameters must be adjusted

• to optimize the exfoliation for a given material and the available experimental setup. The exfoliation medium must be chosen correctly to guarantee the optimum result. And one must keep in mind that completely separating the nanoflakes from the solution might not be an easy task, if possible at all

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• the space between sandwiched substrates [146][147]. Evaporation of water could be confined at the edges of the suspension, forming local flows to arrange the nanoflakes parallelly. As a result, the dried nanoflakes stacked laminarly, working as glue to bond the glass slides (Figure 8) [147]. The shear

• adhesion strength could reach about 50 N·cm−2 for different kinds of substrates. The stacking nanoflakes formed multiple domains. Most of the domains were quasi-parallel to the substrates, suggesting a correlation between the alignment of nanoflakes and the anisotropic adhesion strength. The adhesion

• . KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Illustration of packing nanoflakes between substrates through evaporation of a dispersion of nanoflakes. Figure 8 was reprinted with permission from [147], Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• deposition followed by a modified low-temperature solution approach consisted of long ZnO whiskers and numerous stacked ZnO nanoflakes, with plenty of corners and edges where Ag NPs could be deposited. Further hydrogenation was introduced in order to increase the surface area of ZnO nanostructures and led to

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• ). All four process parameters influence the density and thickness of the CNWs. High pressures and low carrier gas flow rates enable a morphology transition from CNWs to nanoflakes. XPS a) survey and elemental scans of b) the slightly oxidized sample P7 and c) the highly oxidized sample P6. In the survey

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• grow Te nanoflakes. In order to synthesize Te nanowires, Liang and collaborators [13] performed chemical reactions of Na2TeO3, in aqueous solution, via hydrothermal treatment, whereas Ma and colleagues [14] used a solvothermal approach on glass substrates. To synthesize Te nanotubes, techniques such as

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• was composed of highly stacked smooth 2D nanoflakes with a thickness of ≈50 nm (Figure 3b and 3e). With the addition of tourmaline, plenty of 0D CuO nanoparticles (≈20 nm) were generated on the surface of 2D CuO nanoflakes (Figure 3c and 3f). The 0D CuO nanoparticles roughened the surface of the 2D

• CuO nanoflakes and significantly alleviated their agglomeration. The lattice fringes with a d spacing of 0.34 nm and 0.25 nm matched well with the (012) plane of tourmaline and the (002) plane of CuO, respectively (Figure 3d,e, inset). There was intimate interfacial contact between CuO and tourmaline

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• surfaces of the HDPE/GnP nanocomposites with 5.52 vol % GnPs are shown in Figure 1d, Figure 1e, and Figure 1f to compare their structures. All types of GnPs were randomly and homogeneously distributed throughout the HDPE matrix where these layers separated the GnP nanoflakes. Two different dispersions of

• GnPs in HDPE were observed: separately dispersed and aggregated. The observed aggregates of GnPs, especially G3, may have been attributed to the large aspect ratio and high surface energy of the GnPs. In particullar, G1 nanoflakes were more isolated from each other, while G2 nanoflakes were found to be

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• describes the synthesis of ultrathin (around 10 nm) flower-like Ni1−xCoxS2 nanoflakes by using templated NiCo oxides. The as-prepared Ni1−xCoxS2 material retained the morphology of the initial NiCo oxide material and exhibited a much improved electrochemical performance. The Ni1−xCoxS2 electrode material

• nanoflakes; Introduction Supercapacitors (SCs) or electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are regarded as important energy storage devices that provide instantaneous power output to run cranes, subways or trains. They exhibit high power density, long cycling lifetime and fast charge/discharge rates [1][2

• from both nickel and cobalt ions in the bimetallic sulfides can provide relatively affluent redox reactions, resulting in higher specific capacitance and electrical conductivity [6][7]. Moreover, layered ultrathin nanoflakes in the synthesised nanomaterials, derived from metal oxides/dichalcogenides

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• ) was employed to verify the elemental distribution and the bonding types of the exfoliated 1T’-WTe2 nanoflakes. The prominent W 4f peaks were observed at 31.3 eV and 33.5 eV, corresponding to 4f7/2, and 4f5/2, respectively, of the W–Te bonds (Figure 1b left in green), while the Te 3d spectrum has two

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• clusters on the nanoflake surfaces, and the oxygen atoms are released from the nanoflakes, while the W–O networks reconstruct to form WO3. A possible mechanism that accounts for the observed processes of Bi cluster formation and oxygen release under energetic electron irradiation is also discussed

• . Keywords: bismuth tungsten oxide; electron diffraction; electron irradiation; nanoflakes; oxygen vacancies; Introduction Bi2WO6 has drawn great interest regarding its physical properties such as the piezoelectric effect and ferroelectricity with large spontaneous polarization and high Curie temperature [1

• effective. Considering that the atomic escape energies are relatively small [25][26], Bi2WO6 nanoflakes with a thickness below 10 nm will be favorable when defects are to be induced through electron irradiation. When subjected to intense electron-beam irradiation, various types of crystal defects, including

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• the acid-treated CNTs and the catalysts were investigated by TEM and HRTEM (Figure 3). The acid-treated CNTs have a smooth external surface (Figure 3a) that becomes coarse after being loaded with active metal oxide (Figure 3b). Additionally, the HRTEM images show the presence of catalysts nanoflakes

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• latter group, nanostructures of metals [38], metal oxides (including iron oxides) [39], and metal chalcogenides [40][41] were studied. Tungsten oxides [42] and molybdenum oxides [43] were studied, as well as their disulfides. The disulfides were tested mainly in the forms of nanosheets [44], nanoflakes

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• promising for CO2 photoreduction because of their excellent activity and environmental sustainability. Keywords: CO2 reduction; metal-free hybrid; nanoflakes; photocatalyst; quantum dots; Introduction The solar-light-assisted photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into useful chemicals, such as HCOOH, HCHO, CH4

• electronic modification of the g-C3N4 material with rGO, another interesting strategy is to increase the number of catalytic active sites (pyridinic N, graphitic N, and edge amine groups) in g-C3N4 [19]. This can be achieved by generating zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots (QDs) and nanoflakes (NFs) of g

• 20 h heating (at 130 °C) is smaller compared to 10 h heating. However, for 20 h of heating, some nanoflakes are found to be agglomerated, which is probably due to the extended heating time. However, for 10 h of heating, more uniform particles/flakes are observed as indicated by the TEM results. The

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• made accessible for structures prepared by thermal evaporation [44][45][46][47][48] or lithographic techniques [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Alternatively, molecular-scale structures such as PTCDA [55], polyfluorene chains [56], graphene nanoflakes on graphene [57] or graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) on single

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• number of dangling bonds that act as nucleation sites for randomly orientated carbon nanoflakes. 2D growth and the subsequent formation of (few-layer) graphene sheets follow. The nanoflakes being almost vertically aligned on the substrate grow fastest to finally form vertically standing nanosheets. The

• reason for this preferred growth is the higher field strength in the plasma at the exposed edges of these CNWs. Thus, the smaller inclined nanoflakes are overshadowed by the faster growing nanowalls, ultimately terminating the growth of the smaller ones resulting in a film with perfectly vertically

• aligned nanowalls. At this point, the nanoflakes grow in height and length and build the typical films consisting of a network of carbon walls [18]. In this later growth stage the influence of the substrate material on the growth is neglectable [19]. An alternative growth model suggested by Cheng and Teii

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• . [36] reported ZnO-embedded BiOI hybrid nanoflakes fabricated by using Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 ultrathin nanosheets for BiOI deposition followed by calcination. The obtained ZnO-embedded BiOI hybrid nanoflakes show good photocatalytic activity and recyclability. Jiang et al. [37] prepared the BiOI/ZnO

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• the NO removal activity. 0.5 Mn/(Mn + Ce) molar ratio was found to be the optimum loading amount for Mn–CeOx/CNT catalyst preparation. From the HRTEM images, an uneven shape and fuzzy crystal lattice was identified on the metal nanoflakes suggesting that the Mn–CeOx/CNT catalyst is amorphous in

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• )–CaTiO3 (CTCN) organic–inorganic heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile mixing method, resulting in the deposition of CaTiO3 (CT) nanoflakes onto the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets. The photocatalytic activity of the as-synthesized heterojunction (along with the controls) was evaluated by

• of which greatly facilitate the transfer of photogenerated charges across the heterojunction and inhibit their fast recombination. In addition, the two-dimensional (2D) morphology of g-C3N4nanosheets and CT nanoflakes provides enough reaction sites due to their larger surface area and enhances the

• such materials possess a large surface area, providing abundant active sites for reaction, and the short bulk diffusion length reduces the probability of recombination of the photogenerated charges. Herein, we report the optimized synthesis of sheet-like 2D CT nanoflakes for the first time via the

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• process is known as one of the scalable methods to synthesize MoS2 nanostructures. In this study, the gas sensing properties of flower-shaped MoS2 nanoflakes, which were prepared from molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) by a facile hydrothermal method, have been studied. Material characterization was performed

• functional theory; gas sensor; hydrothermal method; methanol; MoS2 nanoflakes; xylene vapor; Introduction Recent efforts in exploring two-dimensional (2D) materials have led to the introduction of a new family of materials known as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which show remarkable electrical

• nanoflakes. There are numbers of articles which report the successful growth of flower-like MoS2 nanoflakes using this technique [19][20][21][22][23]. Due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, activity, tunable band gap, low electrical noise and acceptable electrical conductivity, MoS2 is considered as one of

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• ramsdelitte MnO2 with 1 × 2 tunnel structure could be also used for this purpose. Nanoflakes of this material, arranged in the yolk–shell secondary structure, can be prepared through a simple one-pot synthesis of the precursor solution irradiated with UV light. The incorporation of cobalt into the structure

• improved the electrical conductivity, while nanoflakes and the secondary structure increase the specific surface area, leading to improved electrode kinetics by facilitating mass transport [24]. However, there is a lack of detailed structural studies of these materials in order to understand why cobalt as