Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• Santoshi Misra Govardhan Kamatam Department of Mathematics, St. Ann’s College for Women, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Department of Mathematics, GITAM University, Hyderabad, India 10.3762/bjnano.11.82 Abstract The study of magnetohydrodynamic flow of a nanoparticle suspension under

• –corrector method is employed to solve the equations. The impact of the dimensionless parameters, including the Brownian motion, thermophoresis, magnetic field, heat generation and absorption parameters, on the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration of fluid flow are analysed systematically

• thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer performance of base fluids such as water, ethylene, glycol, etc. This takes place due to the intense and rigorous distribution of nanoparticle Brownian motion within the base fluid, thus enhancing the uniformity, conductance and properties which have paved

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• factors needs to be taken into account when developing a carrier system for this purpose. Depending on the chosen pathway to cross the BBB, nanoparticle material, size and surface properties such as functionalization and charge should be tailored to fit the specific route of BBB crossing. Keywords: gold

• cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles developed by Kreuter et al. in 1995. They enabled the successful delivery of the antinociceptive peptide dalargin in vivo [24]. Since then, numerous nanoparticle systems have been studied and optimized for brain delivery of small molecules and peptides [25]. Most of them are

• (e.g., human serum albumin) [28], gold nanoparticles [29] and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [30]. This review aims to summarize (i) the different pathways to cross the BBB, (ii) the strategies that can be employed to increase nanoparticle BBB permeation without disrupting the BBB, as well

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• nanoparticle (≈1.4 ps) [59], and 1L graphene (≈1.2 ps) [60]. We compared our results with the phonon lifetimes of conventional bulk 3D materials such as GaN [38][61], AlN [61], ZnO [61] and the values are provided in Table 3. Similar to τP, here we also define a define a parameter, the temperature-dependent

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• were conducted with the same instrument. High-resolution TEM images were recorded with an FEI Titan 80-300 transmission electron microscope [69] operated at 300 kV accelerating voltage. The microscope is equipped with an image CS corrector and a 2k × 2k GATAN UltraScan 1000 CCD. Nanoparticle size and

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• of the 1D TiO2–Ag nanostructures prepared to date are Ag-nanoparticle-coated TiO2 (ACT), in which the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst is greatly decreased when the Ag loading is increased to a certain extent. Wang et al. [29] used the hydrothermal method to prepare an array of TiO2 nanocolumns

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• thermal expansion (CTE) of the polymer template is much higher than the CTE of the dielectric layer. Here, a novel dry-blending method is described in which SiO2 nanoparticles are filled into a grooved silicon template, followed by permeation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) into the SiO2 nanoparticle gaps

• . The SiO2 nanoparticles in the groove are extracted by curing and peeling off PDMS to prepare a PDMS/SiO2 composite template with a nanoparticle content of 83.8 wt %. The composite template has a CTE of 96 ppm/°C, which is a reduction by 69.23% compared with the original PDMS template. Finally, we

• composite possesses a high content of the nanomaterial. In this paper, a PDMS/SiO2 composite template with a SiO2 nanoparticle content of 83.8 wt % is prepared via dry blending. Compared to the original PDMS template having a CTE of 312 ppm/°C, the composite template exhibits a CTE of 96 ppm/°C. Using the

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• sulfonate beads modified with polyaniline followed by decoration with silver nanoparticles and demonstrated the considerable antibacterial activity of this material [24]. While the number of works on hybrid polymer/nanoparticle structures and their antibacterial activity is relatively limited, a great

• exposed surface and the retardation of the nanoparticle diffusion caused by aggregation [48]. Some species develop less complicated biofilm structures or even are not capable to form biofilms. The S. epidermidis strain used in our experiments probably does not form complex biofilm structures, as the three

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• to take into consideration for those materials that are intended for medical applications. The formation of nanoparticle agglomerates can cause severe side effects that may induce occlusion of blood vessels and thrombotic events. Additionally, nanoparticles can interfere with the coagulation cascade

• platelet deposition in post-capillary venules in the liver and heart, suggesting the role of this protein in nanoparticle-mediated platelet aggregation [14][15]. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) of different sizes were found to activate glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and to induce the expression of P-selectin in

• polystyrene cuvette, at 25 °C. PBS 0.01 M, pH 7.4, Sigma-Aldrich, was used as the diluent in the case of the evaluation of the size after the protein corona formation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) An analysis of the size distribution and concentration of CNPs and SNPs were performed by NTA using a

Correction: Photocatalytic antibacterial performance of TiO₂ and Ag-doped TiO₂ against S. aureus. P. aeruginosa and E. coli

• Kiran Gupta,
• R. P. Singh,
• Ashutosh Pandey and
• Anjana Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 547–549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.43

• the measured XRD pattern to powder diffraction patterns in the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) database. The characteristic peaks of the TiO2 nanoparticle sample indicate an anatase phase (2θ = 24.8°, 44.5°, compared with JCPDS file no. 00-021-1272) with some indication of a rutile

• peak at 2θ ≈ 38°, indicating the presence of Ag (compared to JCPDS file no. 00-0004-0783), was weak but not absent for the 7 wt % Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticle sample. This result corresponds to a prior work where it was reported that 3.5 wt % Ag-doped TiO2 calcined at 500 °C did not show any peaks

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• receptor-positive (FR+) oral squamous cell carcinoma (KB) and breast cancer adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell lines [88]. Since then, there have been numerous other reports that have shown various surface modifications to image a wide variety of cell lines. Pan et al. reported composite core–shell nanoparticle

• [100]. Li et al. reported nanoparticle assemblies of pea protein isolate (PPI)-capped AuNCs with red fluorescence for in vitro and in vivo imaging. The nanoparticles were coated with red blood cell membranes to improve their blood circulation and enhance their enrichment in tumors [101]. Lai et al

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• NPs, magnetic NPs, click moieties, smart polymers and biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and enzymes. Nanoparticle incorporation When NPs are embedded into the multilayer shell, the translocation, guiding and release of encapsulated cargo from the capsule is enabled by selectively

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• extinction cross section. It can be up to 50 times larger than the geometrical cross section of the nanoparticle [6]. Ag nanoparticles are also interesting because of the position of the plasmon resonance. The LSPR wavelength maximum of small Ag nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm in air is around 420 nm

• employed to calculate the scattering efficiencies for a single silver nanoparticle (described by the same dielectric function as previously), surrounded by air. This was done in order to describe absorption, scattering and overall extinction maxima as function of the size of the nanoparticles, since the

• could affect their shape. As the thickness of the layer increases, the mean diameter of the nanostructures also increases, but their number decreases. After obtaining the mean nanoparticle diameter (D), the mean spacing between them (s) and the initial film thickness (h), it is possible to specify the

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• glycoside molecules on each nanoparticle on average. Spherical citrate-stabilized GNPs with 15 nm average diameter (which are often considered as standard GNPs for immunochemical studies due to ease of preparation and conjugation with ligands [48][56][57] and have successfully been used in our previous

• glycoside molecules on each nanoparticle on average. The samples of glyco-GNPs 3 and 4, prepared as described above, were purified from the excess of Ara6 glycosides 1 and 2 by centrifugation (12400g, 30 min, Miсrospin 12 centrifuge (Biosan, Latvia)), and the precipitate obtained was then re-suspended in a

Nanoarchitectonics: bottom-up creation of functional materials and systems

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 450–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.36

• TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles exhibit distinct and useful properties [35]. Other examples include a self-assembled MoS2-based composite that was developed for energy conversion and storage purposes [36], a silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite that was applied for surface-enhanced Raman

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• out after mixing the solutions at 293 K. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The particle size distribution formed as a result of self-association of the pillar[5]arenes 2–4 was determined at 20 °С by dynamic light scattering using a nanoparticle size analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern) in quartz

DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• nanoparticle to the MoS2 monolayer by approximately 1 electron for Cu and Ag and by 0.6 electrons for Au. Studying the adsorption and dissociation of O2 on the nanoparticle demonstrated that the MoS2 support improves the catalytic activity of the nanoparticles, compared to an unsupported nanoparticle, in

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• of semiconductor quantum dots [2]. Arrays of metallic nanoparticles or nanowires aligned on dielectric surfaces with nanoripples are ideal for research on plasmonics [3]. Ag nanoparticle arrays created on rippled silicon surfaces have demonstrated excellent sensing of molecules through surface

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• ). The nanoparticle diameters were in agreement with those from DLS measurements, see Figure S3 (Supporting Information File 1). The amount of BMV capsid protein and siRNA was quantified by fluorescence assays. The correlation between the observed fluorescence and the concentration allows for the

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• . Keywords: cell receptors; drug targeting; endocytosis; nanoparticle corona; nanoparticle uptake; Introduction Nano-sized materials are widely studied in nanomedicine for their potential use as drug carriers, in imaging, and for diagnostic purposes [1][2][3]. Because of their size, they can interact with

• description of the known endocytic pathways in cells. Review 1 Interactions of nano-sized materials at the cell surface and recognition by cell receptors 1.1 Active targeting The first steps in nanoparticle–cell interactions are those happening at the cell surface, including the adhesion of nanoparticles to

• the factors controlling the very first interactions of nano-sized materials with live cells is still needed (as we discuss here), but also because of challenges related to nanoparticle design and presentation of the targeting moiety. For instance, chemical coupling can affect the binding affinity of

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• highlights the reliability of our new in vitro technique in providing mechanistic insights of NP flow for potential preclinical stage applications. Keywords: computational fluid dynamics; drug delivery; iron oxide nanoparticles; nanoparticle flow; poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• are also strictly related to the local environment. The collation of a nanoparticle at a nanometric distance from the surface of another nanoparticle induces a redshift of the maximum of the surface plasmon band because of plasmon coupling, causing a color change of the solution. Thus, the control

• reactions require a precisely controlled temperature range to ensure proper functioning, affecting the robustness of an assay under real-world conditions. Nonetheless, as shown over the last decade, the integration of enzymes into nanoparticle-based colorimetric assays is a conceptual innovation in the

• shifted away from the ligation site (Figure 12b). In another study, Zhou and co-workers have proposed a colorimetric detection of DNA by coupling an invasive reaction (strand displacement) with NEase-assisted nanoparticle amplification [105]. In the proposed method, the target sequence was first

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• IC50 was determined by linear interpolation. Influence of the salinity of the aqueous phase on the phase inverson zone (PIZ) for the nanoemulsions at a composition of MCT/Kolliphor/NaCl solution (20:20:60) along with the nanoparticle diameter and the PDI of the resulting nanoemulsion. Ternary phase

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• optimize accuracy and computational costs, a new nonclassical modeling of the nanomanipulation process based on the modified couple stress theory is proposed that includes the size effects. To this end, after simulating the critical times and forces that are required for the onset of nanoparticle motion on

• the substrate, along with the dominant motion mode, the nonclassical theory of continuum mechanics and a developed von Mises yield criterion are employed to investigate the dynamical behavior of a cylindrical gold nanoparticle during manipulation. Timoshenko and Euler–Bernoulli beam theories based on

• deflection before the beginning of the dominant mode and a difference of more than 25% in the dynamic modeling of a 200 nm manipulation of a gold nanoparticle with a length of 25 µm and aspect ratio of 30. This difference increases with each increment of the aspect ratio and reduction of manipulation

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• -directed DNA hybridization, 1D, 2D, and 3D DNA nanoarchitectures can be constructed through three major methods: i) DNA tile-based construction, ii) DNA origami, and iii) nanoparticle-templated procedures. The tile-based method relies on multiple crossover junctions, which utilize a small number of short

• -functionalized iron oxide nanoparticle system was capable of selectively targeting the cancer cells and, potentially, to act as an MRI contrast agent. The programmability of the DNA tetrahedrons provided an opportunity to conjugate other functional nucleic acid sequences, viz., DNA, siRNA, or DNAzymes, to serve

• affect the spectroscopic behavior and the solution properties of the dye. DNA–metal nanoparticle architectures Interactions of DNA with nanoparticles are an attractive area for the fabrication of functional DNA nanoarchitectures [96]. The surface properties of the nanoparticles are greatly influenced by