Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• clustering of defects leads to a subsequent increase of the damage peak in irradiated samples (for an ion fluence of ≈9 × 1017 ions/cm2) compared to that in unirradiated samples. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; ion beam; nanopatterns; radiation damage; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; transmission

• in the TEM sample preparation lab at IUAC, New Delhi. Results and Discussion Atomic force microscopy studies Energetic ions, of a few hundreds of kiloelectronvolts, from the ion implanters modify the surface of the target material to grow nanopatterns. The surfaces of the pristine and ion-treated

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• patterns are observed in all acoustic images while in the morphological images the films appear nearly flat. The line widths of the nanopatterns observed in the acoustic images are slightly different, but the periodicities are almost the same (≈2 μm). The bright and the dark regions in the acoustic images

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

• Hendrikje R. Neumann and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

• surfaces and the generated patterns were found to depend on the material type and surface topography. Based on the presented strategy, we were able to achieve patterning times of a few seconds and produce quasi-hexagonal micro-nanopatterns of gold nanoparticles on smooth surfaces. Hence, this method is a

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• vacancies, a higher substitution-to-defect ratio can be reached [87]. Other advantages of the post-synthesis functionalization methods include the possibility to perform the doping after the integration of the nanostructures in a device and the possibility to create different nanopatterns using appropriate

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• of the surface of biomaterials. Surface topographical patterns significantly affect cell adhesion, spreading, morphology, proliferation, and differentiation [1][2][3][4][5]. Surfaces with specific micro/nanopatterns have been developed in order to reduce platelet response [6], to regulate stem cell

• differentiation [7], to functionalize implant surfaces [8][9], and to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms [10]. In the dental field, we have used different micro/nanopatterns that employ an apatite paste [11], a flowable composite resin [12], a titanium coat [13], and curable dental materials [14]. The

• surface of the tooth to the alveolar bone by their position and orientation. The resulting periodontal ligament fibers exhibit micro/nanopatterns arising as a result of the shape of bundles of collagen fibers [16][17][18]. Thus, coating surfaces with collagen has been used for dental implants to allow

Heterostuctures of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine prepared on Si(111) using particle lithography: Nanoscale characterization of the main steps of nanopatterning

• Phillip C. Chambers and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1211–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.112

• solution for selective binding to produce heterostructures. The attachment of porphyrins was evidenced by increases in the height and width of the CMPS nanopatterns. The measurements of size indicate that multiple layers of porphyrins were added. Through each step of the surface reaction the surrounding

• structures of CMPS provide sites with benzyl halide for linking porphyrins to the surface at both the top as well as at the sides of nanopatterns. Particle lithography with successive steps of immersion reactions were used to prepare reactive surface sites to generate multicomponent nanostructures of

• be subsequently characterized ex situ after each key step of the fabrication process. Results and Discussion An overview of the main steps for preparing nanostructures of H2TPyP within nanoholes of OTS is presented in Figure 1. The growth of nanopatterns and subsequent changes in surface morphology

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• range of different substrates, and the nanopatterns were demonstrated on polystyrene, acrylic and PDMS in this work [27]. The aforementioned photolithographical or soft-lithographical methods are simple and straightforward to perform. However, because of the limitation of applying a photomask or an

A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls

• Carlos Angulo Barrios and
• Víctor Canalejas-Tejero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1231–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.124

• polymeric material. A concrete demonstration has been achieved by fabricating arrays of closed, hollow, Al nanopillars, using SU-8 resist as the sacrificial template material. Optical spectra measurements and simulations of these hollow nanopatterns revealed a reflectance peak that might be attributed to a

Numerical investigation of depth profiling capabilities of helium and neon ions in ion microscopy

• Patrick Philipp,
• Lukasz Rzeznik and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1749–1760, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.168

• surface by disordering the surface structure and forming hydrogenated amorphous carbon [4]. Similarly, Ga+ irradiation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) results in micro- and nanopatterns with controlled stiffness for potential applications in tissue engineering [5]. Overall, the properties depend on the

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• for ECs and SMCs on VE-cadherin decorated nanopatterns was also demonstrated here. Although both cell types adhere equally poor on VE-cadherin compared to the RGD and REDV peptides, a universally characteristic cell adhesion behavior depending on the ligand spacing was indicated [255]. 2.4 Signal

Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Franco Dinelli and
• Pasqualantonio Pingue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2278–2289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.234

• therefore of polymer nanomanipulation requires a precise knowledge of all the parameters involved in the process. With the increasing number of observations, various models have been put forward to explain the occurrence of the nanopatterns. The main mechanisms proposed for nanopatterning induced by means

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch²

• Cheng Huang,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

• metal or semiconductor nanopatterns, such as electron beam lithography [7][8][9], nanosphere lithography [10][11][12][13], laser interference lithography [14][15], AFM-based dip-pen lithography [16], and more. Masuda and his colleagues used anodic porous alumina as lithographic mask for the fabrication

Fabrication of high-resolution nanostructures of complex geometry by the single-spot nanolithography method

• Alexander Samardak,
• Margarita Anisimova,
• Aleksei Samardak and
• Alexey Ognev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 976–986, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.101

• production of polymer nanopatterns with controllable geometrical parameters by means of a single-spot electron-beam lithography technique. The essence of the method entails the overexposure of a positive-tone resist, spin-coated onto a substrate where nanoscale spots are exposed to an electron beam with a

• 107 pixels per second) [6] and the expense involved in the mass production process. One possible solution to these mentioned issues is to use the dual-tone property of polymer resists, which depends on the exposure dose and enables the fast and inexpensive fabrication of high-resolution nanopatterns

• low acceleration voltage (<30 kV) fabrication of polymer nanopatterns of different geometry consisting of both the individual elements and arrays of nanostructures with sub-20 nm resolution on semiconductor and metallic surfaces. Results and Discussion Single-spot pattering of polymeric micro- and

Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• –shell nanoparticles and multilayer thin films or nanopatterns. These systems combine, often in synergy, different physical properties (optical, magnetic, mechanical and electrical) of their constituents with the switching properties of spin-crossover complexes, providing access to materials with

Near-field photochemical and radiation-induced chemical fabrication of nanopatterns of a self-assembled silane monolayer

• Ulrich C. Fischer,
• Carsten Hentschel,
• Florian Fontein,
• Linda Stegemann,
• Christiane Hoeppener,
• Harald Fuchs and
• Stefanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1441–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.156

• Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.156 Abstract A general concept for parallel near-field photochemical and radiation-induced chemical processes for the fabrication of nanopatterns of a self

• highly localized shadow. The removal of the gold mask reveals the SAM nanopattern. Keywords: colloid lithography; contact lithography; near-field; photochemistry; self-assembled silane monolayers; Introduction Chemical nanopatterns consist of spatially separated areas providing different chemically

• growth and mobility of cells on surfaces [14]. Top-down as well as bottom-up fabrication methods are applied in the field of chemical nanostructuring. Thus, chemical nanopatterns were formed by using different approaches, including electro-oxidative nanolithography [15], electron beam lithography [16

Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy

• Tian Tian,
• Burapol Singhana,
• Lauren E. Englade-Franklin,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• T. Randall Lee and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3

• be inscribed within n-alkanethiol SAMs; however, the molecular packing of the nanopatterns was less homogeneous compared to nanopatterns produced with monothiolates. The multidentate molecules have a more complex assembly pathway than monothiol counterparts, mediated by sequential steps of forming S

• robust surface nanopatterns. While the kinetics and mechanisms of film growth of SAMs derived from n-alkanethiols have been well-studied [24][25][26][27][28], analogous scanning probe investigations of the surface self-assembly of tridentate alkanethiols on Au(111) have yet to be reported. Within a

• stepwise changes of the surface before and after nanofabrication can be monitored in situ. For experiments in liquid media, the method of surface nanografting developed by Xu et al. was used to inscribe nanopatterns [33]. For these experiments, n-alkanethiol SAMs provided an internal calibration tool

Controlled synthesis and tunable properties of ultrathin silica nanotubes through spontaneous polycondensation on polyamine fibrils

• Jian-Jun Yuan,
• Pei-Xin Zhu,
• Daisuke Noda and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 793–804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.90

• precisely controlled nanopatterns, a hierarchical morphology and organic–inorganic hybrid structures [16][17][18]. It has been demonstrated that the long-chain polyamines (partially combined with proteins) in diatom shells and the silicateins in marine sponges play a vital role in templating the

Guided immobilisation of single gold nanoparticles by chemical electron beam lithography

• Patrick A. Schaal and
• Ulrich Simon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 336–344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.39

• formation of electrically conducting nanopatterns formed by chemical EBL (CEBL) [13]. Therefore, we formed a chemically patterned surface by local reduction of the terminal SO2X groups of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by means of an electron beam [14]. These structured SAMs guided AuNP immobilisation

• through covalent binding. A subsequent metallisation step enabled the formation of conducting nanopatterns in the 100 nm regime. Compared to resist-based EBL with five or more processing steps, the pattern formation was achieved in just three steps (SAM preparation, irradiation, and immobilisation

Parallel- and serial-contact electrochemical metallization of monolayer nanopatterns: A versatile synthetic tool en route to bottom-up assembly of electric nanocircuits

• Jonathan Berson,
• Assaf Zeira,
• Rivka Maoz and
• Jacob Sagiv

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.14

• . Examples of metal/monolayer nanopatterns fabricated by this parallel metallization process are given in Figure 2 and Figure 3. It should be emphasized that no metal is transferred in a dry atmosphere and in the absence of a bias voltage applied between stamp and target as shown in Figure 1, regardless of

• were carried out in the contact mode (in a regime of minimal repulsive force), under controlled humidity at 55–65% RH. A SOLVER P47 SFM system (NT-MDT) was used in the fabrication of the OTSeo@OTS nanopatterns in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The patterns were written with doped-silicon contact probes (CSC-38

Self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane: Surface structures formed using different protocols of particle lithography

• ChaMarra K. Saner,
• Kathie L. Lusker,
• Zorabel M. LeJeune,
• Wilson K. Serem and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 114–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.12

• capabilities for the high-throughput fabrication of nanopatterns from organosilane self-assembled monolayers, which offers the opportunity to study surface-based chemical reactions at the molecular level. Nanopatterns of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) were prepared on surfaces of Si(111) using designed

• deposition of OTS on surfaces to form nanopatterns. Essentially, the physical state of the molecule was changed for the three protocols. Molecules were applied either in a vapor phase, as a liquid film, or under dilute-solvent conditions, to enable nanoscale studies of the surface organization and self

• were formed surrounding the base of the latex particles, generating the nanopatterns. The cursor line profile across two of the rings (Figure 2g) shows that the baseline within the rings is nearly the same height as the background areas of bare Si(111). The thickness of OTS monolayers has been reported

The atomic force microscope as a mechano–electrochemical pen

• Christian Obermair,
• Andreas Wagner and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 659–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.70

• the once-passivated copper structures described above. Conclusion To conclude, we have reported the controlled and site-selective electrochemical deposition of metallic nanopatterns, which were induced with the tip of an atomic force microscope used as a “mechano–electrochemical pen”. The deposition

Surface induced self-organization of comb-like macromolecules

• Konstantin I. Popov,
• Vladimir V. Palyulin,
• Martin Möller,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Igor I. Potemkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 569–584, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.61

• nanopattern formation [135]. A theoretical study of ultrathin films of diblock copolymers with varying stickiness of one of the blocks shows that surface nanopatterns with disc-, stripe- and holelike structures can be obtained. If both blocks can be partially desorbed and one of them can spread atop the other

• block [136], a wider set of morphologies appears: Stripes, discs, holes, bilayers, substratephobic stripes and discs, etc. [136]. Binary comb copolymers comprising incompatible side chains of A and B types attached to a common backbone, may also be used as building blocks to form novel nanopatterns. In