Enhanced catalytic activity without the use of an external light source using microwave-synthesized CuO nanopetals

• Govinda Lakhotiya,
• Sonal Bajaj,
• Arpan Kumar Nayak,
• Debabrata Pradhan,
• Pradip Tekade and
• Abhimanyu Rana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1167–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.118

• carbon monoxide (CO) [7][8][9]. CuO is one of the few p-type metal oxide semiconductors with a narrow band gap ≈1.24 eV [10]. The properties of CuO nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets, etc.) are closely related to morphology and crystallite size [7]. These different nanoscale morphologies

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• attractive as a potential material for catalysis and electronic and photonic devices due to its semiconducting nature with a wide band gap, excellent mechanical properties, chemical inertness and thermal conductivity [13][14][15][16][17]. Especially, one-dimensional SiC in the form of nanowires or nanorods

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• surface [1][2]. Because it is a relatively simple process [3], this technique opens up numerous applications, such as high-density magnetic recording media [2][4], photovoltaic devices [5][6][7][8][9][10], photocatalysts [11] and catalysts for the fabrication of carbon nanotubes and nanowires. However

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• that is a quick and low cost method for the synthesis of both large area arrays of self-organized nanowires for SERS molecular detection [14][19][20] and plasmon-enhanced photon harvesting in the vis–NIR range [14][21]. Other techniques widely employed to produce patterned metal nanostructures are top

• Figure 2B and Figure 2D, respectively. In particular, Figure 2A,C shows that rippled surfaces featuring a quasi-regular pattern of stripes, or nanowires, present a strong enhancement factor: the occurrence of two main peaks in Figure 2A makes impossible to detect (in the dynamics chosen for the

• representation) the weaker peaks. On the contrary, the holed rippled surface (Figure 2C) leads to a smaller enhancement factor by six orders of magnitude. Different from spherical geometries or regular nanowires, rippled surfaces, as in Figure 2, give the possibility to study the enhancement factor on surfaces

Synthesis of coaxial nanotubes of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by oxidative/initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Alper Balkan,
• Efe Armagan and
• Gozde Ozaydin Ince

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 872–882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.89

• applicable in different areas [7][8]. Among these, the conducting polymer (CP) nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes or nanospheres have been extensively studied through solution-based techniques, such as chemical polymerization [9][10][11] or electrochemical polymerization [12][13][14] for

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• , grain structure/morphology, and electrical resistivity of 3D platinum nanowires synthesized via electron beam induced deposition with and without an in situ pulsed laser assist process which photothermally couples to the growing Pt–C deposits. Notably, we demonstrate: 1) higher platinum concentration

• and a coalescence of the otherwise Pt–C nanogranular material, 2) a slight enhancement in the deposit resolution and 3) a 100-fold improvement in the conductivity of suspended nanowires grown with the in situ photothermal assist process, while retaining a high degree of shape fidelity. Keywords

• of 3D growth have been demonstrated [35][36][37][38] beyond simple 1D nanowires, controlled growth of complex geometries using EBID has only recently been achieved based on a combined simulation and computer aided design approach [11]. This approach has also been used with Ga+ ion beam induced

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

• porous materials, including membranes, foams, and textiles, or irregular surface geometries, as well as for encapsulating fibers, nanowires, or particles [1]. For example, tailoring the surface energy of the pore walls of a separation membrane without obstructing the pore can enhance the passage of the

• structure except for e-beam induced electrostatic attraction between the coated wire tops. There is no thinning of the coated nanowires down the vertical axis, indicating good side wall coverage. TEM samples were made by sonicating the nanowire arrays in IPA to create a nanowire solution. A drop of solution

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• thermochromic transition at 257 °C and this material is used as a catalyst for industrial processes, gas sensors and in LIBs [105]. Various nanostructures of V2O5 such as nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanobelts, and nanorods have been prepared by sol–gel processes, hydrothermal processes [106

• of 12.1% with excellent thermal stability [209]. Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a p-type semiconductor and is used for solar energy conversion, as sensors and for photocatalytic degradation. The controlled synthesis of Cu2O results in a vast palette of architectures including nanocubes, nanocages, nanowires

Physics, chemistry and biology of functional nanostructures III

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 590–591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.63

• targeted applications. In the present Thematic Series a bright spectrum of such targeted functional nanostructures is presented demonstrating the unique possibilities of engineering at the nanometer scale. The self-organization of nanoparticles, nanowires or nanotubes and the introduction of those

Modeling of the growth of GaAs–AlGaAs core–shell nanowires

• Qian Zhang,
• Peter W. Voorhees and
• Stephen H. Davis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 506–513, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.54

• 60208-3030, USA 10.3762/bjnano.8.54 Abstract Heterostructured GaAs–AlGaAs core–shell nanowires with have attracted much attention because of their significant advantages and great potential for creating high performance nanophotonics and nanoelectronics. The spontaneous formation of Al-rich stripes

• the attachment rate of Al atoms is smaller there. Keywords: core–shell nanowires; heterostructures; mechanisms; quantum dots; Findings Core–shell nanowires with heterostructures hold great promise in photonic and electronic applications because of their high sensitivity to electronic and magnetic

• fields. However, controlling the formation of these heterostructures remains a challenge because they are typically embedded in 3D matrices. One of the potential solutions to this problem is to create heterostructures near the edges of the nanowires. Classical approaches to create this kind of

Self-assembly of silicon nanowires studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy

• Marta Agati,
• Guillaume Amiard,
• Vincent Le Borgne,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Richard Dolbec,
• Maurizio De Crescenzi,
• My Alì El Khakani and
• Simona Boninelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 440–445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.47

• of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) that were self-assembled during an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) process. The ICP-synthesized SiNWs were found to present a Si–SiO2 core–shell structure and length varying from ≈100 nm to 2–3 μm. The shorter SiNWs (maximum length ≈300 nm) were generally found to

• approaches used for the production of thin SiNWs. Keywords: silicon nanowires; transmission electron microscopy; vapor–liquid–solid growth; Introduction As the scaling down of the feature size of devices proceeds [1], new synthesis routes are being explored to produce materials with ultra-low

• image, as reported in Figure 1a, the presence of both nanospheres (NSs) and nanowires (NWs) can be observed. Statistical analyses conducted on hundreds of nanostructures allowed us to estimate that the diameter of the NSs range from 50 to 500 nm, while the NW length varies from ≈100 nm up to ≈2–3 μm

Role of oxygen in wetting of copper nanoparticles on silicon surfaces at elevated temperature

• Tapas Ghosh and
• Biswarup Satpati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 425–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.45

• recent years, several CuO nanostructure syntheses and their applications have been reported. Different shaped CuO nanostructures such as nanowires, nanoplatelets, nanorods, and nanoflowers have been employed as the anode material for lithium ion batteries [4][5][6][7], and improved performance has also

Performance of natural-dye-sensitized solar cells by ZnO nanorod and nanowall enhanced photoelectrodes

• Saif Saadaoui,
• Mohamed Aziz Ben Youssef,
• Moufida Ben Karoui,
• Rached Gharbi,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Vincenzina Strano,
• Salvo Mirabella,
• Alessandra Alberti and
• Rosaria A. Puglisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 287–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.31

• ) has been studied as a mesoporous wide band gap semiconductor for use in DSSCs. It presents itself in the form of different morphological nanostructures, such as nanorods, nanocrystals, nanowires, nanotubes and nanowalls that can be exploited to optimize the dye loading [6][7][8][9]. The main purpose

Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles

• Anurag Roy,
• Partha Pratim Das,
• Mukta Tathavadekar,
• Sumita Das and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23

• technique. Respective efficiencies of 0.87% and 0.72% with VOC of 0.44 V and 0.55 V, have been reported by Zhang et al. and Qi et al., for ZnO nanowires which are noteworthy reports [14][15]. For QDSSCs, a polysulphide electrolyte/Cu2S electrode delivered the best performance instead of the regular I−/I3

Diffusion of dilute gas in arrays of randomly distributed, vertically aligned, high-aspect-ratio cylinders

• Wojciech Szmyt,
• Carlos Guerra and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 64–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.7

• dilute gas along arrays of randomly distributed, vertically aligned nanocylinders (nanotubes or nanowires) as opposed to gas diffusion in long pores, which is described by the well-known Knudsen theory. Analytical expressions for (i) the gas diffusion coefficient inside such arrays, (ii) the time between

• : dilute gas; gas transport; molecular diffusion; nanocylinders; random walk; Introduction Arrays of vertically aligned nanowires and nanotubes with high-aspect ratio composed of various materials have been widely used in science and industry. Arrays of silicon nanowires [1][2] and carbon nanotubes [3

• the coating of nanotubes or nanowires with thin films employing techniques such as chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [11] or atomic layer deposition (ALD) [12][13]. Our recent study constitutes an example of the coating of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) with monocrystalline anatase using

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• decomposition in solution We previously reported on procedures to prepare iron oxide nanowires [24] and iron/chromium oxide nanoparticles [23] with a pre-established ratio between metals from bimetallic molecular precursors via a thermal decomposition method. Here we show, for the first time, the use of a mixed

• , and an average diameter of 10 nm. For sample NPS2 (Figure 5b), both spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, and nanowires of 20 nm length and 1.5 nm width were obtained. Nanowires constitute the majority of the particles in the NPS2 sample. Nanoparticles in the NPS3 sample (Figure 5c

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• cellular structures, other scaffolds have been suggested in some cases, for example, for gold. Foams of connected gold nanowires have been designed in molecular dynamics computer simulations [8]. Also, for materials such as glass compounds, nanofoam with a three-dimensional scaffold of interconnected

• nanowires have been produced [9]. A few studies of semiconductor and insulator nanofoams have also been reported. A sol–gel process was used to produce silicon nanofoam and acousto-optic characteristics were probed [10]. Silica nanofoam was used as a support material for highly active single- and dual-site

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• modified accordingly (triangles in Figure 1). The equation for sGB from [16] is true if a sample is dense and does not contain any pores. In case of porous samples (like for example for partially sintered powders or nanowires, diamonds and downward triangles in Figure 1) the value of sGB was multiplied by

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• oxides. However, there is a new approach to sensor technology focusing on nanomaterials and nanostructures. It is expected that they will provide better parameters than those based on conventional materials. The nanostructures of different forms, i.e., nanowires, nanotubes, nanoflowers, have been shown

• , however, recently more sophisticated nanostructures such as nanowires, nanorods, nanoplates have been exploited [23][26][30][31]. The recourse of such a direction of research results from microstructural aspects such as grain size and surface morphology, which are among the most important factors

Properties of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires electrochemically deposited into a porous alumina template

• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Kazimir I. Yanushkevich,
• Sergej L. Prischepa and
• Elena A. Outkina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1709–1717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.163

• Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, P. Brovka 19, Minsk 220072, Belarus 10.3762/bjnano.7.163 Abstract The comparative analysis of the electrochemical deposition of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires (NWs) into ordered porous alumina templates is presented. The method developed allows for obtaining NWs

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• ][65], current densities as high as 17 mA·cm−2 has been obtained using vertical nanowires of TiO2 [7]. The search for higher fill factors correlates with the search for the best hole-conductor [51], the highest fill factors have been obtained by using PCPDTBT as the hole conductor (Table 1). It is

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

Fingerprints of a size-dependent crossover in the dimensionality of electronic conduction in Au-seeded Ge nanowires

• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Gillian Collins,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1574–1578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.151

• Ireland 10.3762/bjnano.7.151 Abstract We studied the electrical transport properties of Au-seeded germanium nanowires with radii ranging from 11 to 80 nm at ambient conditions. We found a non-trivial dependence of the electrical conductivity, mobility and carrier density on the radius size. In particular

• , two regimes were identified for large (lightly doped) and small (stronger doped) nanowires in which the charge-carrier drift is dominated by electron-phonon and ionized-impurity scattering, respectively. This goes in hand with the finding that the electrostatic properties for radii below ca. 37 nm

• have quasi one-dimensional character as reflected by the extracted screening lengths. Keywords: electrical transport; germanium nanowires; quasi-1D confinement; screening length; VLS growth; Results and Discussion Synthetic germanium nanowires (Ge NWs) have been proposed as potential next-generation

Effect of tetramethylammonium hydroxide/isopropyl alcohol wet etching on geometry and surface roughness of silicon nanowires fabricated by AFM lithography

• Siti Noorhaniah Yusoh and
• Khatijah Aisha Yaacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1461–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.138

• important role in the fabrication of semiconductor devices. Wet etching of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)/isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on silicon nanowires fabricated by AFM lithography is studied herein. TMAH (25 wt %) with different IPA concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30 vol %) and etching time durations

• (30, 40, and 50 s) were investigated. The relationships between etching depth and width, and etching rate and surface roughness of silicon nanowires were characterized in detail using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The obtained results indicate that increased IPA concentration in TMAH produced greater

• width of the silicon nanowires with a smooth surface. It was also observed that the use of a longer etching time causes more unmasked silicon layers to be removed. Importantly, throughout this study, wet etching with optimized parameters can be applied in the design of the devices with excellent

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• the synthesis of ZnO films, nanowires and ZnO-based hybrids for applications in opto-electronics as well as in gas sensors [7][12][13][14][15]. ZnO has several advantages regarding the application in sensor structures. However, there are many obstacles (high resistivity and operating temperature