Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• century [3]. They are investigated, for example, regarding drug delivery [4], but they are also parts of actual products, for example, of sensors [5]. All this is based on the ease of synthesis, chemical stability, size tuneability, and unique optical properties [6]. The extreme dependence of the

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• development of such fields as energy generation and storage, sensing, and catalysis. Another application area of nonspherical NPs stems from the shape dependencies of their optical properties. The shift of plasmonic bands to the near-infrared spectral range observed for high-aspect-ratio nanostructures, such

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• nanoemulsion its characteristic milky opaque appearance. Similar optical properties have been documented in the literature for lecithin-based nanoemulsions with droplet sizes of approximately 150 nm [21][107]. The OphtNE-3.66%(K1%) nanoformulation appeared more translucent than the OphtNE-3.70% nanoformulation

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• germanium-based alloys with various metals, as well as emerging heterostructure systems, to achieve tailored electronic and optical properties suited for diverse transient device architectures. Bioresorbable metals are also regarded as essential components for interconnects and electrodes in transient

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• . Optical characterization The optical properties of Si NPs dispersed in ethanol were investigated using Raman and UV–vis spectroscopy. Initially, Si NPs obtained using Bessel, annular, and Gaussian laser beams were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and their Raman spectra (vibrational modes) were

• laser beams also showed different optical properties, which were characterized using UV–vis absorption and PL spectroscopies. The absorption spectra of the Si colloids prepared using Gauss, Bessel, and annular profiles are shown in Figure 6. In all the spectra, absorption in the visible and near

• -infrared regions has been detected. However, as can be concluded from Figure 6a, the absorption cutoff wavelength differs for each studied sample, indicating different optical and electronic properties of the formed nanostructures. The variation of the optical properties can be caused by structural

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• and can be adjusted to emit different colors based on their size. This reason makes them ideal for simultaneously spotting and examining various biological environments, which aids both laboratory and clinical research [16]. Gold nanoparticles are also an essential group in this field. Optical

• properties of these particles are highly dependent on their size and shape. In a diagnostic test, these nanoparticles remarkably improve imaging contrast and even create noticeable color changes, which is useful in biosensors [17]. Gold nanoparticles were being used in certain COVID-19 test kits that change

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• pulse excitation (532 nm). The morphological changes induced by thermal and photochemical effects were found to influence the optical properties of these particles. Another commonly reported semiconductor material by LFL is zinc oxide (ZnO) [33][34]. The optical properties, particularly the UV emission

• characteristics, are influenced by the NP size and crystalline quality (Figure 3b,c). LFL also plays a crucial role in tuning the optical properties of NPs. Laser processing affects the defect density and optical bandgap of the particles, as demonstrated by changes in the optical transmission spectra before and

• after LFL treatment. By adjusting processing parameters such as solvent choice, the defect emission, including green defect emissions, can be controlled, providing further opportunities for tailoring the optical properties of NPs for various applications. The mechanisms behind nanoparticle formation

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• , 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. During the irradiation process, the color of the solution gradually shifted from pale yellow to green and eventually to blue. Characterization The optical properties of the samples were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy (Jasco V-670) with a scanning range from 900 to 200

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• ]. Upon the application of Ag[NH3]2OH to the surface, the membrane underwent a slight color change, acquiring a metallic luster (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). This change is likely attributed to the presence of Ag nanoparticles. Ag nanoparticles are known for their unique optical properties

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• geometry. It can also depend on the optical properties of the material, such as the refractive index, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, and laser parameters, such as the wavelength, pulse duration, fluence, incidence angle, and polarization [64]. Generally, penetration depth increases with increasing

• how metal surfaces respond to incident wavelengths [53][54]. This work advances our comprehension of LIPSS structures and their applications, shedding new light on the interplay between incident wavelengths and surface interactions. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of optical

• properties, laser parameters, and material characteristics in determining penetration depth, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of light–material interactions. Materials and Methods Materials A double-sided polished stainless steel surface (SS304) with a thickness of 100 µm was utilized

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• optimize its conversion to BiVO4. By systematically adjusting the deposition current density and vanadium precursor concentration, we achieved fine control over the crystallinity, grain size, porosity, and optical properties of the resulting films. This level of tunability leads to substantial improvements

• performance owing to improved charge transport and enhanced surface reaction sites. Optical properties (UV–vis) UV–vis absorption spectroscopy (Figure 3) showed that BiVO4 samples absorb visible light, with absorption edges between 502 and 541 nm and optical bandgaps between 2.46 and 2.30 eV (Figure 3b

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• Information Technology, Allahabad, UP-211015, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.87 Abstract Zinc sulfide nanotubes have garnered significant attention as potential candidates for chemical sensing applications owing to their exceptional structural, electronic, and optical properties. In this study, we employed density

• , optical absorption, and optical conductivity of the ZnS NT-CP system. Our findings reveal that the interaction between CP and ZnS NT induces notable changes in the electronic and optical properties of the nanotube, including a substantial bandgap reduction of up to ≈40% for the specific orientation A. The

• optical properties of the ZnS NT without and with molecular adsorption, we calculated the absorption coefficient (α) and optical conductivity σ, which can be obtained by the following formulas [21]: where ω is the angular frequency of light, ε1 and ε2 are real and imaginary parts of the complex

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• analysis of surface morphology and cross sections revealed that the TiO2 films prepared by IBAD had smaller, rounded grains and were denser compared to those deposited by EBE. Optical properties showed high transparency of 77–83% in the visible wavelength range for all as-prepared thin films. However

• , adhesive, and durable TiO2 coatings with improved optical and mechanical properties, suitable for applications requiring enhanced wear resistance. Keywords: electron beam evaporation; ion beam-assisted deposition; mechanical properties; nanocrystalline anatase; optical properties; TiO2 coatings

• found during the microstructure analysis. Table 3 summarizes the results of the optical properties. For the prepared coatings, refractive index and extinction coefficient were determined using the reverse engineering method with the aid of the Scout software. For calculation of the dispersion curves

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• -Vis-NIR) measured optical properties across the 200–800 nm range, while dynamic light scattering (DLS, Malvern Panalytical) provided data on hydrodynamic size and zeta potential after dispersing 1 mg of material in 1 mL of deionized water and sonicating for 30 min. Finally, piezoresponse force

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• better electrical, mechanical, and optical properties than MWCNTs, making them more desirable for high-end applications such as nanoelectronics and advanced composites. However, the synthesis cost of SWCNTs is significantly higher, while their production yield is considerably lower than that of MWCNTs

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• evidenced from the progressive color change of the solution as shown by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Structural and morphological analysis The optical properties of PG-CDs and PG-CDs-AgNPs were studied using UV–visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. An absorption peak at 275 nm

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• modes on the surface morphological and optical characteristics (Urbach energy and optical bandgap). In fact, in the existing literature, there are barely any studies that have addressed the impact of the evolution of A1 (LO) modes on surface morphology and optical properties in low-energy regimes

• correlation with morphological and optical properties using low-energy Ar+ beams in ZnO films. Here, argon ions were chosen because of the inert nature, which means that any changes in properties of the implanted ZnO films are attributed solely to implantation-induced effects. In the present study, ZnO films

• were implanted with 30 keV Ar+ at fluences varying from 1 × 1015 to 2 × 1016 ions·cm−2. Surface variables (roughness and particle size), structural variables (crystallite size and dislocation density), and optical properties (diffuse reflectance, Urbach energy, and optical bandgap) were studied in

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• disulfide (FeS2)) nanoparticles (NPs) of different morphologies using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) in different organic solvents. The impact of the solvent on the morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the synthesized NPs is investigated by techniques such as transmission electron

• nanocolloid in this work. The optical properties of nanocolloids and their thin films were evaluated using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The nanoparticle characterization and surface morphology were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the

• experimental variables that cause the kinetics of the nanoparticles formation to change, resulting in nanoparticles with different sizes and morphologies [40]. Thermodynamic properties such as density, dielectric constant, viscosity, vapor pressure, and optical properties of the solvents are some of the

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• colloids, for example, to increase their defect density in favor of electrocatalytic or optical properties without changing their size [6][7][8]. In addition, the acronym PUDEL has recently been used for pulsed laser diffusion enhancement in liquids, which refers to an increase in diffusion without

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• imaging modes. Figure 3 shows Ni 3p, O 1s, and valence band XPS spectra from samples annealed at diverse temperatures, which exhibit variable morphological, crystallographic, and optical properties. Regarding the Ni 3p signal, less-explored so far, four main bands were observed after signal deconvolution

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• characterizing nanostructured systems such as MEs, including droplet size, optical properties, and rheological profile. M7-EOCF therefore underwent tests to investigate these parameters. First, the M7-EOCF sample was analyzed by dynamic light scattering, which showed that the system had an average hydrodynamic

• of this system. The literature reports that a PDI below 0.5 also indicates greater physical stability of the obtained formulation [20][21]. The M7-EOCF sample was also examined using polarized light microscopy to investigate its optical properties. Isotropic behavior was observed (Supporting

• Information File 1, Figure S1) through the visualization of a dark field. In general, microemulsions do not deflect the plane of polarized light since their optical properties are constant in all directions [18]. Rheology is the science that studies the flow characteristics and deformation of matter when

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• to create and analyze SF films with various nanostructures that exhibit tunable optical properties depending on the structure. When combined with silicon photodiodes, the power conversion efficiency increased by 6.96% with flat SF films and 14.9% with nanopatterned SF films. This demonstrates the

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• resistivity of Mo thin films makes them desirable for integrated circuits, where they contribute to the efficient flow of electrical current [3]. Furthermore, their optical properties make them well suited for a use as a protective coating in energy storage and electronic devices [4][5]. Mo films deposited on

• + implantation and thickness of films significantly influence the surface morphology of Mo thin films. Optical properties Spectroscopic ellipsometry Figure 6 depicts the fit of the spectroscopic ellipsometry data in which the parameters of the Drude–Lorentz oscillator model were adjusted. In ellipsometry, the

• curves derived from the fit process validate the results and offer a theoretical framework for understanding the optical properties of molybdenum thin films. Absorbance spectra The absorption spectra of Mo thin films in Figure 7 show the effects of nitrogen ion implantation and film thickness on the

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• pre- and post-bombardment changes in optical properties, resulting from nanopatterned surfaces, are investigated using UV–vis reflectivity measurements and correlated with the dimensions of the nanopatterns. This manuscript highlights the potential applications arising from these findings, emphasizing