Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• [60]. The ethanol extracts of the samples were centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 min and the supernatant was analyzed for carbohydrate content by the phenol-sulfuric method [61]. Determination of pigment content in leaves Fresh leaf samples (50 mg) were obtained, and chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b

Nanomaterials for photocatalysis and applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy

• Viet Van Pham and
• Wee-Jun Ong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 722–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.58

• development of advanced materials based on semiconductors (i.e., carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride (MBN), MgO@g-C3N4, and TiO2@MWCNTs) have indicated a highly efficient photocatalytic performance for phenol removal using a low-power visible LED light source. For NO degradation, a visible light source

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• quercetin (≥95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Silver nitrate (AgNO3, ≥99.8%) was obtained from ISOLAB. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥99.0%), glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH), anhydrous aluminium chloride (AlCl3, ≥98.0%), and Folin–Ciocalteau’s phenol reagent (2 N) were purchased from Merck. Water was

• response, the cells were treated for 24 h in a medium with five different concentrations of Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs in dilutions of 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 (v/v), where DMEM without phenol red was used for dilution of Ag NPs. Since the NPs were dispersed in distilled water, distilled water without NPs

• was used as control group. After 24 h of incubation, the medium containing the Ag NPs was removed and the cells were washed at least twice with 100 μL of DMEM without phenol red. The cell viability was evaluated with XTT (3'-[1-phenylaminocarbonyl-3,4-tetrazolium]bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)benzenesulfonic

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• sensors are promising for various applications in chemical (e.g., explosive [3] or chemical warfare agents [4]) or biological (e.g., lipid or protein [5]) sensing, environmental monitoring [6] as well as in food safety through the detection of pollutants such as phenol [3][7] or rhodamine [8]. The SERS

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• , Poland Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigonia Street, PL-35-310, Rzeszów, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.13.126 Abstract Phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol (DBMP) were removed from aqueous solutions by ozonolysis and photocatalysis. The properties and structural features of the catalysts and

• the organic compounds are discussed, as well as their influence on the degradation reaction rates. The degradation efficiency in photocatalytic processes was higher for DBMP (98%) than for phenol (approximately 50%). This proves the high efficiency of magnetite in the photocatalytic degradation of

• ) reduction [18]. The study investigated the degradation of aqueous solutions of phenol (PhOH) and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol (DBMP) via two processes, namely photocatalysis and ozonolysis. Two types of magnetite (M1 and M2) were used as catalysts in the photocatalysis process. The same type of magnetite

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• plots) and charge trapping analysis confirmed the dominance of e−, O2−•, and •OH as dominant reactive oxygen species. The carbon modification could effectively remove 93.83% of methylene blue (MB, 20 ppm solution) and 48.56% of phenol (10 ppm solution) from the aqueous phase in comparison to HBN which

• shows zero activity in the visible region. Keywords: carbon modification; hexagonal boron nitride (HBN); LED light; phenol; photocatalysis; Introduction Hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) commonly known as white graphene belongs to a class of two-dimensional layered crystalline materials. It comprises

• -responsive material with improved charge carrier density (2.97 × 1019 cm−3). The LED light harvesting properties were analysed through various established characterization techniques and the photocatalysis was verified by eliminating the aqueous phase methylene blue (MB: 93.83%) and phenol (48.56%) moieties

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• , is more sensitive to photocurrent, and has a lower electrochemical impedance rate. This is because of surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) and the electron transport capabilities of Bi. The photocatalytic activity for the breakdown of phenol was significantly improved, compared to pristine Bi2WO6 under

• sheets, Bi2MoO6 microspheres were used. The 2D morphological properties of the Bi2O3 sheets resulted in enhanced charge carrier transfer. The relative mass ratio of Bi2MoO6 and Bi2O3 may be fine-tuned by adjusting the alkali dose (i.e., NaOH or KOH). Using phenol degradation and hydrogen generation as a

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• –metal charge transfer (LMCT). For this reason, these MOFs are considered as emerging semiconductor-like photocatalysts and attention is growing toward these materials [26][27][28][29]. In 2007, Garcia and coworkers have first reported photocatalytic degradation of phenol by using MOF-5 as a

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• remarkable at concentrations greater than 8 µg/mL through affecting the aggregation of phenol-soluble modulins into amyloid fibrils. This result suggests that BBR may be a therapeutic agent against microbial-generated amyloid-involved diseases. BBR is also a phytochemical exhibiting a strong antiviral

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• surface-modified MNPs was 2 mM. RITC-BSA-SO-MNPS were diluted in a phenol-free medium to avoid interference. MTT assay The cytotoxicity of MNPs and endocytic inhibitors in A549 cells was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay following the protocol by

• from cells using the phenol-chloroform method (TRIzol, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) as recommended by the manufacturer and then purified and treated with DNase I. RNA concentration and purity were measured on a spectrophotometer (NanoDrop, Thermo Scientific). Degradation of RNA was excluded by

• 37 °C for 1 h in medium supplemented with 2% FBS. In the case of the co-localization study, a phenol-free medium was used to avoid interference. FITC–clathrin A549 cells were pre-treated with inhibitor for 1 h and then treated for 1 h with RITC-BSA-SO-MNPs in the presence of the same inhibitor for

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• phenol formaldehyde resin (MPR) multilayered hollow nanocapsules were obtained using SiO2 as a sacrificial template [47]. Notably, the excess charges induced into the multilayer films by the deprotonation of carboxylic acid groups at pH > 5 played a key role in destabilizing the hydrogen bonded films [48

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• (TEM) (Figure 2). According to the colorimetric determination of carbohydrates (phenol–sulfuric acid reaction, see the Experimental section for details) in the samples of glyco-GNPs 3 and 4, which were purified from the excess of Ara6 glycosides 1 and 2 by centrifugation, there are no more than 100

• mixtures used for spectra recording additionally contained 0.9% NaCl (Figure 4(2)). An estimation of the glycoside content in glyco-GNPs 3 and 4 by colorimetric determination of carbohydrates using the phenol–sulfuric acid reaction [117] (as described below) suggested that there are no more than 100

• volume of water equal to the volume of the starting dispersion of glyco-GNPs. A 0.5 mL sample of this aqueous solution was successively mixed with 0.5 mL of a 5% aqueous phenol solution in a 10 mL conical test tube. Next, 2.5 mL of 95% sulfuric acid was added to achieve complete mixing of the test tube

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• -Aldrich, 97% purity), nitrosobenzene (C6H5NO, Sigma-Aldrich, 97% purity), 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (C15H11ClO2, Fmoc-Cl, Carbolution, 98% purity), piperidine (C5H11N, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.5% purity), hydrobromic acid (48 wt % in H2O, Sigma-Aldrich), 4-(phenylazo)phenol (C12H10N2O, Sigma-Aldrich

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• higher content of non-carbon atoms in the resin structure, which hinders the carbonization process and the growth of stacks. Since the resole type of carbon is based on formaldehyde and phenol, a higher oxygen content as well as a higher amount of sp3-hybridized carbon atoms, which connect the phenolic

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• ). Please note that any influence of phenol-red was ruled out by using medium as blank and subtracting its absorbance to all wells before calculating metabolic activity. Quantification of cell uptake. HCT-116 (20,000 cells/cm2) and RAW 264.7 (30,000 cells/cm2) were seeded in 12-well plates and left to

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• proliferation reagent WST-1. The reagent was diluted (1:20) with αMEM containing no phenol red (Gibco, USA). Then, 200 μL solution was applied in each well. After incubation for 2 h at 37 °C, 150 μL of the supernatant solution was transferred from each well into an empty 96-well plate. The absorbance was

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• RPMI-1640 medium. The cells were dissociated using Versene and aliquoted at a concentration of 106 cells per mL in phenol-red free SFM. The samples were incubated at 37 or 4 °C for 5 min before treating with Control-lipo or Target-lipo (1 µg/mL total lipids concentration) for 15–180 min. After

• incubation at 37 °C, cells were transferred onto ice and washed using 500 µL phenol red-free SFM. Samples were analysed on a Beckman Coulter CytoFlex flow cytometer using exited using 488 nm laser and the emitted wavelength acquired using 585/42 bandpass filter. After doublet exclusion, 104 events/sample

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• -hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS), bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit, RPMI, foetal calf serum, and T125 mm tissue culture flasks were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific; EGM-2 medium was purchased from Lonza. Cell culture medium phenol red-free (high-glucose Dulbecco modified eagle medium (DMEM

• culture flasks at 6000 cells/cm2 in growth medium phenol red-free following the published protocol [50]. All cells were cultured in a humidified incubator at 95% humidity and 5% CO2 maintained at 37 °C. For experiments cells were seeded the day prior to the incubation with the NPs at 3.5 × 104 cells/cm3

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• reduction of the TiO2 bandgap leading to improved efficiency in the degradation of antipyrine, atrazine, rhodamine B and phenol using solar-light irradiation. Chen and co-workers [148] have also studied the doping of TiO2@montmorillonite introducing heteroelements such as C and V. A bandgap reduction to

• with TiO2 due to the hybrid structure (at an appropriate distance). The [Ru(bpy)3]2+–TiO2@clay induced the direct oxidation of aqueous benzene to phenol under visible-light irradiation (Figure 6). The oxidation of aqueous benzene to phenol was very efficient (the maximum yield of benzene conversion and

• the selectivity of phenol are 72 and 96%, respectively) after visible-light irradiation for 5 h. The photocatalytic reaction efficiency on the oxidation of benzene (referred to both benzene elimination yield and the selectivity of the formation of phenol) was substantially changed when the reactions

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• binding energy: i) carbon sp2 (C=C, peak I) at 284.6 ± 0.1 eV; ii) carbon in phenol, alcohol, ether bonds (C–O, peak II) at 285.8 ± 0.2 eV; iii) carbonyl or quinone groups (C=O, peak III) at 287.2 ± 0.2 eV; iv) carboxyl groups (COOH, peak IV) at 288.9 eV ± 0.3; and v) the shake-up satellite due to π–π

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• found in tea, coffee, chocolate, cacao, thyme, berries, spinach, and many other food sources [4]. The efficacy of ROS inactivation by phenolic compounds mainly depends on their chemical structure. The simplest phenolic compound, phenol, contains only one benzene ring and one hydroxy group, whereas

• the ortho-position of phenol are more active than groups in the para- and meta-positions. According to the literature [37] and this study, although gallic acid had superior antioxidant properties among the investigated phenols (Figure 1c), modification of γ-Fe2O3 with the three phenolic compounds

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• hydroxy groups, a bending of the aromatic structure, and a reduction in the allene symmetry of nGO. The presence of the methylene groups (=CH2), carboxyl groups (–COOH), and phenol groups (–OH) in PEG-nGO is shown through the absorption peaks at 1465 cm−1, 1410 cm−1, and 1300 cm−1, respectively. The

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• –dielectric interface in contrast to polymers containing hydroxyl groups such as poly(vinyl phenol) and polyimides (due to residual COOH groups) [18][19][20]. The stability of the devices, which is impacted by this charge trapping at the interfaces, is improved when parylene C is integrated in the device [21

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• phenol red was used (Life Technologies Corporation). HAp powder suspensions were ultrasonicated before being brought into the cell environment. WST-8 assay The viability of cells in the presence of hydroxyapatite in different concentrations was analysed using a colourimetric assay for quantification of