Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• 100 nm boundary of the EU nanomaterial definition, but the TiO2 pigment manufacturing processes results in a finite nanoscale content fraction. This optically inefficient nanoscale fraction needs to be quantified in line with EU regulations. In this paper, we describe the measurement procedures used

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• used to prepare all solutions. All the chemicals were used without any purification. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strain were isolated from clinical samples of hospitalized patients and stored according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) regulations. The

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• 24 h of incubation (data not shown). However, some hemolytic activity was observed for NLC-VEHICLE and NLC-BNZ after 48 h of incubation (Figure 11). Despite NLC-BNZ showed 4.8% HA at the highest concentration, the formulation could still be considered safe according to the regulations. In fact

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• surfactant/water/oil systems through the use of phase diagrams is usually needed. For biomedical applications, this is further complicated by the fact that the list of available components is restricted by regulations. The most straightforward strategy to obtain polymer nanoparticles from nanoemulsions is to

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• regulations to them [8]. Consequently, there is a growing need to develop processes for removing BPs from wastewater. In recent decades, much attention has been paid to advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the research and development of wastewater treatment technologies [7][9]. Processes such as cavitation

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• reducing the toxic effect of siRNA [24]. In this work, we prepared AuNP-siRNA according to previously established regulations, and noncovalent sorption of the siRNA molecules on AuNPs was shown to be reversible [16][25]. The surface density of siRNA was calculated from the measurements of the fluorescence

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• practice for many deposition techniques [18][19][20][27][29][31][35][47]. To summarize: in order to achieve progress in the various areas of PV applications, e.g., BIPV, and to increase the availability of PV beyond the state-of-the-art in compliance with ever stricter safety and health regulations, novel

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• intensity signal of the scattered laser light, which is used to calculate a so-called correlation function g(τ). The obtained mean diameter is the intensity-weighted so-called z-average (z-ave). The correlation function g(τ) can be converted to a size distribution by Fourier transformation. EU regulations

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• crisis [50]. The conventional processes, such as steam reforming, partial oxidation, coal gasification, etc. used for production of H2 from fossil fuels (natural gas and coal), are limited because of high cost and stringent environmental regulations [51]. Photocatalytic water splitting for the production

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed. Keywords: nanomaterial classification; nanomaterial history; nanotoxicity; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; regulations; Review Introduction

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• standards for NOx emissions have been reinforced in the transportation sector. These guidelines and regulations must be adhered to and numerous efforts taken in order to reduce NOx emissions in the atmosphere. However, more beneficial and economic ways to remove NO are still lacking and are yet to be

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• structures [32]. Soft connective tissues Mesophase organizations of the ECM fibers can play important roles not only in the optimization of mechanical properties of the tissue itself, but also in the regulations of functions of embedded cells [65]. The assembly structure of oriented collagen fibers in

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• Chemicals) regulations, which pronounce that information about risk assessment of chemicals should be generated whenever possible by means other than vertebrate animal tests, through the use of alternative methods, for example quantitative structure–activity relationship models (QSAR) [25][26]. This

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• , silver is also toxic. 5. The whole film may not deteriorate the qualities of conventional catheters, in particular, it must remain biocompatible with materials that are admitted by the FDA regulations. Our answers to these challenges are: 1. We consider necessary a double-sided coating for optimum impact

• in the uriniferous system is different from oral ingestion or intravenous injections. 5. Among the thousands of possible organic materials, just a few remain fulfilling the requirements of biocompatibility and of the FDA regulations. For the CVD deposition we chose poly(p-xylylene) N, PPX-N or

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• medium above the capacitors. Moreover, the manufacturing of microfluidic channels in the LTCC package was demonstrated. Keywords: capacitance sensing; cell viability; lab-on-a-chip; low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC); Introduction Biosafety regulations require ethical, simple, rapid, and cost

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• chromosomes repositioning [276]. Some different gene regulations were attributed to these changes in chromosomes positions [276]. In a different work, a dramatic drop of SMC proliferation on micropillars was reported and was argued that the deformation of the nuclear lamin was responsible of this change in

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• investigate the relationship between brain damage and TiO2 NPs-mediated autophagy dysfunction. Epigenetics Another potential mechanism of TiO2 NPs is epigenetic regulations. Epigenetic changes were reported to be implicated in nanotoxicity [10][11]. Epigenetics refers to all heritable alternations in gene

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• Classification, Labeling, and Packaging (CLP) regulations when those are classified by the Commission as hazardous chemical substances [15]. The Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR) has special provisions for biocidal materials that consist of nanoparticles, aggregates, or agglomerates in which at least 50% of

Gas sensing properties of nanocrystalline diamond at room temperature

• Marina Davydova,
• Pavel Kulha,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Karel Hruska,
• Pavel Demo and
• Alexander Kromka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2339–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.243

• devices to improve the environmental and safety regulations of toxic gases in particular within buildings, underground structures, and airports. Semiconducting solid-state gas sensors can be considered as the most promising, portable, miniaturized gas sensors because of their minimal power requirements

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• regulations for animal experiments and related activities at Oita University (license no. N009001). To evaluate the antitumor effect of the DDMC/PTX complex, tumor-bearing mice were prepared by inoculating B16F10 melanoma cells subcutaneously in the back of C57BL/6 female mice (2.0 × 106 cells/mouse). On

A reproducible number-based sizing method for pigment-grade titanium dioxide

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Manfred Kluwig and
• Thomas Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1815–1822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.192

• of forthcoming national and international regulations concerning the classification of nanomaterials. Scientific efforts towards standardized number-based sizing methods have so far been concentrated on model systems, such as spherical gold or silica nanoparticles. However, for industrial particulate

• example, and therefore allows reliable classification of this material according to forthcoming regulations. Keywords: electron microscopy; particle size; pigment; sizing; titanium dioxide; Introduction Titanium dioxide is among the ten most abundant materials on the Earth [1]. In the form of a fine

• for the characterization of particulate materials is triggered by the prospect of forthcoming national and international regulations concerning the classification of nanomaterials [3][4][5][6]. Scientific efforts to establish standardized methods for determining number-based size distributions have so

Applicability and costs of nanofiltration in combination with photocatalysis for the treatment of dye house effluents

• Wolfgang M. Samhaber and
• Minh Tan Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 476–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.55

• and finally disposed according to local regulations. The permeate stream, which is already reduced in colour and in dissolved organic compounds, is post-treated in the photocatalysis, which can again be classified as a polishing step. A more sophisticated concept is shown in Figure 4. A submerged UF

• , which is required, even if the membrane plant is not in operation. As for the amortization period, we have generously taken a 10-year period, which might not be generally applicable depending on local situations or financial regulations. Figure 5 is a compilation of empirical data of realized membrane

• out in large-volume tanks. Secondly various residual dyes from different sources have to be separated or oxidized more or less at the end of the pipe after a biological treatment step to fulfil regulations or to achieve an almost colourless effluent. The treatment of diluted systems after the

Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating

• Tingjun Lei,
• Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez,
• Romila Manchanda,
• Yen-Chih Huang and
• Anthony J. McGoron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.35

• VEGF amount was normalized to SRB value and the calculated results were normalized to controls. In vivo optical imaging Animal studies were performed following the regulations of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Twenty-four Nd4 Swiss Webster mice (25–30 grams, 9 weeks old) were