Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• were performed and the mandibles were analysed using (cryo-) scanning electron microscopy, indicating that a fluid substance covers the medial surface of the mandibles reducing propolis adhesion. Weiser et al. [13] take biomimetics into industrial production with their paper “Roll-to-roll fabrication

• . The authors present a new technique that has the potential to achieve the breakthrough the researchers in the field have been searching for. This technique uses a typical industrial process in which a continuous film is run over and between rollers. The so-called roll-to-roll process takes the

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• transistors, transparent conductors, gas sensors, supercapacitors, and pH sensors [41][42][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Different approaches to ink printing methods have been explored, such as aerosol jet, inkjet, syringe, roll-to-roll printing, and stamp methods [1][41][50]. In this work, we report a

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• roll-to-roll process for the fabrication of a thin polymeric film covered with nanofur from polypropylene. Our process enables structuring of large areas of the order of square meters using industry standard machinery. This opens up many possible applications for nanofur that could previously not be

• . These are well-suited for the cleanup of small oil spills. Keywords: hot embossing; lotus effect; nanofur; nanopads; oil spill cleanup; oil water separation; roll-to-roll; R2R; superhydrophobicity; Introduction Self-cleaning surfaces utilizing the famous lotus effect have gained significant importance

• polymeric nanofur, we developed a continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) process. For that, we combine classical film extrusion with roll-to-roll structuring [2][19][20][21][22]. The overall process relies only on tools frequently used in industry, thereby enabling the cost-effective upscaling of nanofur fabrication

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• increase of the maximum current value from 2.3 to 5 mA at 10 V, when graphene is present. Guo et al. also reported an increase of about 40% in the EL intensity under a 5 mA current injection at room temperature in AlGaInP LED, after the deposition of graphene onto the anode or the GaP surface [40]. Roll-to

• -roll techniques and chemical vapor deposition, both industrially viable techniques, are capable of producing 30 inch wafers of graphene, thereby demonstrating the viable upscaling of its production [41]. Other carbon-based nanomaterials such as SWNT have also been employed as current-spreading layers

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• , respectively. Screen printing has been widely used for fabricating conductive electrodes, semiconducting layers of solar cells, and active materials in field-effect transistors (FETs). It is commonly used as a planar printing technique for batch processing. It is also further adaptable to a roll-to-roll

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• envision a roll-to-roll process in which the reactor size and gas feed are optimized, and the unused precursor (and Pt) is recycled and reintroduced into the process, which would greatly increase the yield. Experimental The deposition process and methods are briefly described below. More details concerning

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• coverage of the resulting perovskite layers. The possibility of applying the spray-coating technique to the roll-to-roll fabrication process for highly efficient, flexible large-area PSCs has been demonstrated. It is widely believed that by the use of spray coating a two-step deposition of precursor

• the competitiveness of PCSs in photovoltaics. Slot-die coating Slot-die coating, which is essentially similar to the blade coating technique, is one of the most common roll-to-roll techniques. Ink made of a precursor solution is pumped into the coating head to form a continuous solution meniscus

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• techniques are the high energy demand and the need for batch processing, which inflates production costs. As a potent solution-based chemical deposition method, ultrasonic chemical spray pyrolysis (USP) is capable of rapid, area-scalable, roll-to-roll and low-cost in-air deposition of Sb2S3 layers without

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• controllable surface wettability, anti-biofouling, anti-reflection, and biocidal/bactericidal properties [4][5]. For example, the motheye plastic films produced by roll-to-roll technology already replicate nanopillars with 100 nm separation (MOSMITE from Mitsubishi Chemicals Ltd.). The structural and optical

Evaluation of replicas manufactured in a 3D-printed nanoimprint unit

• Manuel Caño-García,
• Morten A. Geday,
• Manuel Gil-Valverde,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1573–1581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.149

• -cost, high-resolution and high-throughput technique for manufacturing nanoscale patterns. At present, there are a number of NIL methods, including thermal printing, UV curing, and roll-to-roll transfer [2], and NIL has found applications in many dissimilar fields such as standard semiconductor

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• : aqueous nanoparticle; crossflow ultrafiltration; miniemulsion; organic photovoltaic; SDS surfactant; surface tension; Introduction Organic photovoltaics (OPV) are a promising energy technology that utilizes large-scale roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication techniques (such as slot-die coating, flexographical

• common purification method for preparing small-volume ASNP inks [12][15]. However, this technique is not suitable for preparing the large volumes of inks required to fabricate OPV devices on the roll-to-roll (R2R) scale (for instance, to just fill the reservoir of a typical R2R coating head requires 50

• crossflow Millipore filtration system [13][17]. However, the fabrication of NP-OPVs using slot-die coating of these purified inks on a roll-to-roll setup required the addition of an fluorosurfactant (FSO) to improve the wetting of the NP ink onto the substrate [17], indicating that the SDS content had not

The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

• Guenther Ruhl,
• Sebastian Wittmann,
• Matthias Koenig and
• Daniel Neumaier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.107

• between the silicon substrate and the Cu film. The first approach allows for the production of very large graphene films on a polymer carrier foil even in a roll-to-roll system [8][9]. The second approach is obviously more wafer-level compatible, but at deposition temperatures around 1000 °C, even with

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• application to solution-processable deposition methods. These methods are more oriented towards large-scale production, such as printing technologies that stand out as high-throughput, low-temperature processes, also employable in roll-to-roll configuration. Among these technologies, inkjet printing (IJP) is

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Hanaul Noh,
• Alfredo J. Diaz and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

• -to-roll mass production [2]. There have been immense improvements regarding the efficiency of photovoltaic devices [3], their lifetime [4] and their stability [5], such that recent PSCs show power conversion efficiencies (PCE) above 10% [6] and an intrinsic lifetime approaching seven years [4]. Since

• force microscopy; multifrequency AFM; organic photovoltaics; polymer solar cells; surface defects; Introduction Polymer solar cells (PSCs) [1] have been widely studied due to the abundance of their constituents, their mechanical flexibility and light weight, as well as the possibility of low-cost roll

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• methods such as printing and roll-to-roll techniques, are ideal for the development of flexible devices for energy generation and storage – the key to the portable electronics of the future. Keywords: carbon; carbon nanotubes; current collector; energy; fullerenes; gold nanoparticles; graphene

• diffusion of C atoms in Cu is very low (0.001 atom % at 1000 °C) [83][142]. The CVD process on Cu foils can be scaled using a roll-to-roll technique, allowing for a 30 inch graphene film for a transparent electrode (Figure 22a) [82]. However, even this method does not guarantee perfect graphene in terms of

Nanostructures for sensors, electronics, energy and environment II

• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1937–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.197

• cells and supercapacitors [4]. These devices can be produced in large quantities with inexpensive synthesis and process methods based on printing and roll-to-roll techniques, establishing the basis of a new green technology. Currently, most of the research effort in the field is focused on the synthesis

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch²

• Cheng Huang,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

• be realized, e.g., by using slot dye coating in a roll to roll process followed by large scale metal evaporation which is already used in the food packaging industry. Experimental Polymer solution Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (Mw = 9.56 kg/mol PDI = 1.05) and poly(styrene) (PS) (Mw = 96 kg/mol

An ultrasonic technology for production of antibacterial nanomaterials and their coating on textiles

• Anna V. Abramova,
• Vladimir O. Abramov,
• Aharon Gedanken,
• Ilana Perelshtein and
• Vadim M. Bayazitov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 532–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.62

• treatment of textiles in a roll-to-roll mode [7] of operation was used to coat cotton fabrics with ZnO NPs. The testing results of the antibacterial activity of the coated fabric samples are reported and compared with the antibacterial activity of the fabric coated by using the same ultrasonic method [2][7