Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• , magnetic stirring was applied in order to prevent sedimentation. The experiments were carried out under inert N2 atmosphere and at θ = 25 °C. Surface complexation modelling The charging behavior and surface protonation constants for the TNWs in the absence and presence of surfactants have been previously

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• resulting fibers exhibited structural colors of blue, green, and red when the PS spheres with a diameter of 185, 230 and 290 nm, respectively, were employed [33][34][35]. A natural sedimentation method was also used to prepare a structurally colored SiO2 photonic crystal film. Changing the incident light

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• cylinders are used to break down the agglomerates. This dispersion is stable for months without sedimentation and visible changes. In the case of exfoliated lamellas, a nice dispersion without visible agglomerates was obtained even by mixing it with an ordinary dispersing disc. The particle distribution

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• functionalization were all the same. Size and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), analytical disc centrifugation (differential centrifugal sedimentation, DCS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Cell-biological experiments were performed to

• tube furnace according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005) after dissolving the particles in aqua regia (Rh, Pd, Pt, Au) and nitric acid (Ag), respectively. Analytical disc centrifugation (differential centrifugal sedimentation; DCS) was performed with a CPS Instruments DC 24000 disc centrifuge (24,000 rpm

• ), analytical disc centrifugation (differential centrifugal sedimentation, DCS), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). All characterization data are summarized in Table 2. All nanoparticles have a neutral or negative zeta potential. This is probably due to

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• nanoplates), whereas the lowest sensitivity corresponded to ZnO nanorods with a large diameter (i.e., low surface-to-volume ratio). The efficiency of sedimentation is also related to the electronegativity of adsorbate: it has been shown that all observed ZnO morphologies exhibited significantly higher

• outlined in Figure 4b. There is an asymmetry between the upper (oxidation) and the lower (reduction) components of the CV loop, which confirms that the process is irreversible: strong forces of attraction occur between metal ions and the ZnO nanostructure surface, resulting in sedimentation containing a

• covalent bonding. The presence of metallic lead in the sedimentation can be explained by the electrostatic attraction between Pb2+ and ZnO nanotube defects formed in large amount during the etching process. The quantitative dependence of the concentration is also traceable: the size of the peak correlates

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• minutes after deposition. (a,b) SEM micrographs of Ag2O crystallites produced by alkaline sedimentation in excess of PVP, namely, (a) AgNO3/PVP 1:10 and (b) AgNO3/PVP 1:5. (c,d) SEM micrographs of the samples obtained by Ag2O reduction using NaBH4 with the following molar ratios: (c) Ag2O/NaBH4 1:2 and (d

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• greatly influences the efficiency of the prepared devices [24]. Aggregation and sedimentation of ASNP inks as a function of free SDS concentration and applied forces were investigated by measuring the particle size at different dilution factors for inks from both centrifugal and crossflow ultrafiltration

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• size of <2 micrometers, which was isolated by the sedimentation method from natural bentonite of the Dash-Salakhly deposit [56], was used as a starting material. The extracted MM fraction was subjected to drying at a temperature of 60 °C. Original MM (Figure 13) has a characteristic layered structure

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• the N–I transition temperature. This technique allowed us to obtain a uniform mixture without any sedimentation, which could plug the microchannels of the PCF and hinder (or even prevent) the infiltration process. Synthesis of liquid crystal–Au nanoparticle composites The Au NP-doped LC mixture was

• nanoparticles (NPs): particle size distribution of Au NPs obtained by using a disc centrifuge sedimentation method (a) and UV–vis spectrum of Au NPs in an organic solvent (b). Cross-section of the PCF 061221 (a) and experimental setup for measuring the propagation spectra in PLCF (b). Experimental setup for

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• increasing length of the alkanethiol chain. Shorter alkanethiols (C2–C8) could not prevent aggregation and sedimentation of the nanoparticles; longer thiols (C12 & C14) resulted in higher colloidal stability. The effect was interpreted using an extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory that

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• ]. The colloidal stability was preserved in both tests, and aggregation did not occur. Therefore, given the effective mass densities and hydrodynamic diameters, the transport-to-cell process was dominated by diffusion, while sedimentation was negligible. Our model assumes that upon reaching the cell, the

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• resolution of this technique. Recently, it has been demonstrated that of the various particle sizing techniques, two of them (differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) and tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) [58][59]) are capable of achieving resolution similar to the TEM technique. Both techniques

Evaluation of preparation methods for suspended nano-objects on substrates for dimensional measurements by atomic force microscopy

• Petra Fiala,
• Daniel Göhler,
• Benno Wessely,
• Michael Stintz,
• Giovanni Mattia Lazzerini and
• Andrew Yacoot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1774–1785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.179

• microscopy, see Figure 3 and Figure 4. On the other hand, poorer results were achieved regarding homogeneity of deposition caused by drying rings, surface effects, dispersion errors and sedimentation within the droplet. A SEM overview image for inhomogeneous deposited spherical SiO2 particles (100 nm) is

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• time constant and consequently a lower relaxivity. On average, all batches decrease about 11.6% after nine months. Through an examination of the vertical distribution of the T1 relaxation time constants in the probing tubes a sedimentation of the NPs or a decrease of the relaxivity can be excluded

• redispersed in DMEM with 10% FCS. The sedimentation studies over 24 h were carried out by monitoring the absorbance at 700 nm as a function of time (Shimadzu, UV-3100). The sample (5 mg·mL−1 NPs in DMEM with 10% FCS, with or without Melpers®2450) was placed into a polystyrene micro cuvette and the absorbance

• of each batch can be observed. Sedimentation study of the CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs (5 mg·mL−1) in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) with 10% FCS stabilized with Melpers®2450 and non-stabilized: a) photographs of the stabilized NPs and the non-stabilized NPs 24 h after dispersing the NPs in FCS

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• state of agglomeration in the different media of interest were determined by differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS). The characterisation of one batch is summarised in Table 1 (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S2 and S3 show corresponding distributions). DCS of both nanoparticles suspended

• particles were also measured in water. Further characterisation was performed using differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) on a CPS Disk Centrifuge DC 24,000. A disc speed of 18,500 revolutions per minute (RPM) was used and an 8–24% water or HBSS buffer sucrose gradient was injected (settings

• . Nanoparticle dispersion (100 µg/mL) in water, serum free HBSS and HBSS supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) were characterised by differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) as described in the Experimental section. The table shows the apparent diameter and peak

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• the stabilizer may lead to particle aggregation and sedimentation, which is often –for example in a biomedical context [10][11][45] – highly undesirable and must be avoided. The new CBAmPEG introduced here is thus an attractive alternative to other polymeric stabilizers and to the best knowledge of

• units on the SNP surface reduces the zeta potential. As the fraction of cleaved polymer is rather low, we never observed particle aggregation or sedimentation and the data thus show that the new polymer is a viable stabilizer for SNP over a wide pH range. The fact that the particles already have a

Investigation of the photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum alkoxy carboxylate-derived Ta₂O₅ nanoparticles in rhodamine B removal

• Subia Ambreen,
• Mohammad Danish,
• Narendra D. Pandey and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 604–613, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.65

• removal, sedimentation and filtration are not very effective in removing organic dyes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) receive a lot of interest in this regard, and photocatalysis by semiconductors is the most extensively investigated AOP. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), for example TiO2, ZnO, SnO2

Photocatalysis applications of some hybrid polymeric composites incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles and their combinations with SiO₂/Fe₂O₃

• Andreea Laura Chibac,
• Tinca Buruiana,
• Violeta Melinte and
• Emil C. Buruiana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 272–286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.30

• slightly higher (by about 3%) than those obtained when hybrid polymeric films were employed as catalysts. A problem raised by experiments with NPs is the recycling of the nanoparticles from the aqueous solution. For instance, the hybridized TiO2 NPs can be recovered only after their sedimentation, but even

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• distribution was rather narrow (standard deviation 2.1 nm). The particle suspension in ethanol was stable over time, and the DLS spectra did not show any sign of aggregates and agglomerates after one year. Because of the very small mean size of the nanoparticles sedimentation was also excluded. The

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• good stability. Thereby, from the DLS measurement results, NPT1a nanoparticles have a diameter of 2.3–3.6 nm with a maximum of 2.85 nm, which is similar to the results obtained with TEM. It was not possible to measure the size of the NPT1b nanoparticles in solution because of fast sedimentation. Wide

Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• , noninvasive, fast, and continuous. Preliminary testing of the first generation LTCC package was performed using human epithelial cells cultivated on the chip. A very short, 3 h in total, trial measurement was performed and a small response related to sedimentation of cells on the chip was reported. Since the

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• field, while for RIfS, the zone is limited by the strong water absorption. In both cases, the detected absorption peak has its maximum as soon as the sedimentation into the sensitive zone is finished. As the reference (I0) is recorded with distilled water, there is no backscattering due to silver

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• , e.g., MSC/Pol/MWCNT#Vittorio (and other preparations in cell–nanotube studies), were suspended in 1% agarose [22][37]. Since rapid sedimentation is easy to observe, unstable models could instantaneously be eliminated. Some works contained comments on stability for longer periods, e.g., Liu examined

• the dispersion stability of PM-b-PEG/SPIO@oMWCNT#Liu in phosphate-buffered saline (PSB) and in water, thus proving that the presence of the amphiphilic polymer PMETAC-b-PEGMA prevents sedimentation [33]. CoFe2O4/oMWCNT#Wu formed a stable aqueous dispersion for 2 weeks [39]. Maciejewska reported the

• micelle formation as a mechanism of preventing MWCNT from agglomeration and sedimentation with a critical micelle concentration (cmc) equal to 0.06 mM. On the other hand, in the course of Richard’s studies it was found that Gd-L1 adsorption on the nanotube takes place, thus also this form is adequate for

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• order to safely remove the reaction vessel. After the synthesis the suspension was subjected to sedimentation and decantation. The sediment was rinsed three times with deionised water (HLP 20UV, Hydrolab, Poland). In order to obtain a dry Zn1−xMnxO powder, the sediment was suspended in water and rapidly

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• solution consisting of zinc nitrate and hexamine. This inverted growth scheme was preferred in order to avoid contamination effects due to sedimentation and to achieve a uniform growth pattern [35][36]. Further, the suspension of wild-type, photoactive bR was prepared with aqueous amphipol (A8-35) in a 1:5