Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• average size of 18 nm. The Fe3O4 NPs consist of 99.9% magnetite and have a cubic reverse spinel structure. Magnetite exhibits a spinel crystal structure resulting in a face-centered cubic arrangement in which oxygen atoms are positioned opposite the other constituent atoms. The Fe3O4 NP (311) reflection

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• -stage synthesis of polymer composites based on PNIPAAm hydrogel was presented. Both conductive particles in the form of conductive carbon black (cCB) and MnCo2O4 (MCO) spinel particles were suspended in the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel. The MCO particles in the resulting hydrogel

• spectrum of MnCo2O4, two transmittance bands at 620 and 478 cm−1, characteristic of M–O stretching and vibrations of the spinel structure, were visible (Figure 3b) [49][50]. In the case of super P Li conductive carbon black, no distinct peaks can be seen in the FTIR spectra. However, it is visible that

• (APS, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Poland), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich, Poland), commercially available manganese cobalt spinel MnCo2O4 powder (MCO, Marion Technologie, France), Super P Li conductive carbon black (cCB, Imerys, Belgium), 0.1 M KOH (Titripur®, Merck, Germany

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• morphological aspects, vide infra. As expected, the PXRD analysis of the calcined solids confirmed the formation of Co2AlO4 spinel (see Figure S10, Supporting Information File 1) [62]. Once again, sample x25M shows differences in terms of thermal behavior, resembling simonkolleite-like α-CoII LH samples (see

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• 1-octadecene. The electron diffraction patterns (Figure 4) of the crystallographic planes present the Miller indexes as selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and clearly correspond to a spinel phase, typical for both magnetite and maghemite. Moreover, the fact that the halos observed

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• the mixed and variable valency of iron in its structure (Fe(III)tet[Fe(II),Fe(III)]octO4), this oxide has unique properties [13][14]. At room temperature, magnetite is an inverse spinel conductor with Fe3+ on the tetrahedral sites and Fe2+ and Fe3+ on the octahedral sites. Electron hopping along the

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• spinel or perovskite phase applicable in membrane reactors for partial oxidation reactions. Dual-phase membranes with FeCo2O4, or its iron-rich pendant Fe2CoO4, and Gd-doped ceria as an ion conductor have already been successfully applied as oxygen permeation membranes with high permeability in the

• depends on the ceria/spinel ratio, has recently been discussed [16]. Current research efforts are aiming to improve the composition and microstructure of a dual-phase membrane with similar composition for application in a membrane reactor at considerably lower temperatures (below 600 °C) to perform

• is to be expected, because of the still measurable electron conductivity of the spinel at room temperature and the possibility of redistribution of electrons over the uppermost layers of the surface of the ceria phase [26][27][28]. For macroscopic polarization experiments, τfit can be expressed by

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• Department of Physics, Functional Materials Lab, Air University, Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia 10.3762/bjnano.12.99 Abstract In this study, poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMA)-coated spinel ferrite

• studies; magnetic spinel ferrite nanoparticles; methotrexate; poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride); Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of death and, as such, it is a global health concern [1]. It is caused by uncontrolled cell proliferation, reduced cell death rate, or both [2

• -assisted control of the behavior of MNPs makes them suitable candidates for targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, biosensors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic separation [9][10]. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs), belonging to the spinel ferrite class, are the most extensively studied

A Au/CuNiCoS₄/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

• Adem Koçyiğit,
• Adem Sarılmaz,
• Teoman Öztürk,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

• voltage-and frequency-dependent. The fabricated device with CuNiCoS4 thiospinel nanocrystals can be employed in high-efficiency optoelectronic applications. Keywords: Au/CuNiCoS4/p-Si device; CuNiCoS4; optoelectronic applications; Schottky devices; Introduction Recently, spinel materials have attracted

• great attention due their unique electronic, magnetic, optical, and gas sensing properties. Spinel compounds can be employed in data storage applications, lithium-ion batteries, gas sensors, and medical diagnostics [1][2]. Spinels have a cubic crystal structure with the general chemical formula AB2X4

• . In this formula, A and B are cations which can be divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent. X represents anions of a chalcogen, oxygen, or sulfur [3]. Thiospinels are one of the most interesting spinels [4][5]. These sulfur-based spinel compounds have a high potential to be used in energy applications due

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.12.34 Abstract A novel solution combustion synthesis of nanoscale spinel-structured Co3O4 powder was proposed in this work. The

• different sizes and oxidation states. The spinel structure consists of a matrix composed of oxide ions O2− (32e, Wyckoff sites) with cubic close-packed structure, stabilized with cobalt ions (Co2+) in tetrahedral positions (8a, Wyckoff sites) and cobalt ions (Co3+) in octahedral positions (16d, Wyckoff

• , annealing or calcination. The SCS method has been successfully used to produce spinel-structured Co3O4 nanomaterials [48][49][50][51][52]. Taking advantage of these reports, we decided to design a new SCS synthesis path in which we applied for the first time ᴅ-(+)-glucose as the reducing agent instead of

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• the cubic spinel structure of free MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with a crystallite size of 12 ± 1 nm. The lattice parameter was found to be 0.8488 nm, which is in good agreement with the reported value of 0.8499 nm for bulk MnFe2O4 [14]. A careful analysis of the TEM images indicated that MnFe2O4

• (superparamagnetic component) shows that 11.9% of the magnetic moments fluctuate due to the presence of very small particles [39]. The values of the isomer shifts reflect the preservation of Fe3+. The magnetic sextets correspond to the Fe atoms located at the tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the spinel structure

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• (Figure 9). The spherical nanoparticles result from isotropic crystal growth whereas hexagons and cubes are formed upon anisotropic growth, preserving the {111} or {100} crystal facets, respectively [23]. Note that the {100} facet is the most stable one in the spinel structure, having the lowest energy

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• of ZnFe2O4 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with different rGO content were prepared via a simple solvothermal method followed by a high-temperature annealing process in an inert atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the introduction of rGO had no effect on the spinel structure of

• amounts of acetone still need to be enhanced. As a dual metal oxide, AB2O4 spinel materials received much attention in the field of gas sensing [13][14]. With a unique spinel structure and a narrow bandgap width (≈1.94 eV), zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) has remarkable properties and shows good potential in the

• according to the well-known diffraction pattern of ZnFe2O4 (JCPDS Card No. 22-1012), all the peaks of the five samples agree well with the spinel ZnFe2O4 structure. Hence, the introduction of rGO did not affect the spinel structure of ZnFe2O4. The characteristic peaks observed at 29.9°, 35.1°, 42.8°, 53.3

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• XRD patterns (Figure 5) show that the diffraction peaks of sintered LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 fibers coincide with those of the olivine LiFePO4 standard (PDF#40-1499) and the spinel Li4Ti5O12 standard (PDF#49-0207), respectively, which means that the sintered fibers contain the expected phases. Only a

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• saline solution. The presence of cubic spinel CuFe2O4 on HYPS was confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy (DR UV–vis) analysis. The HYPS particles showed a surface area of 170 m2/g, pore size of 8.3 nm

• magnetization can be increased with a high loading of SPIONs, the formation of a mixture of iron oxide species (α-Fe2O4, Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O4) becomes inevitable. However, the surface of iron oxide can be modified with various transition heteroatoms including Ni, Mn, Co, and Cu, leading to family of spinel

• preparation of a copper nanoferrite using a citrate sol–gel technique [6]. In addition, several metal-based ferrite systems have been recently reported for bioscience applications [7]. Although spinel ferrite nanoparticles are interesting, due to the strong magnetic dipole–dipole interactions, they tend to

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• a spherical shape of the nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5–8 nm and a cubic spinel-type crystal structure of space group Fd−3m. Raman, Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopy clearly indicate the presence of the maghemite γ-Fe2O3 phase. Moreover, a difference in the magnetic behavior of uncoated

• spinel-type crystal structure with a space group, which is typical for magnetite Fe3O4 or maghemite γ-Fe2O3 [15][16]. The broad peak at 2θ = 19° and high background level in the pattern of the coated nanoparticles are due to HSA [17]. The mean size of the nanoparticles was estimated by applying the

• quite usual for spectra of nanoscale iron oxides. According to the XRD and TEM data, the iron oxide in the sample adopted a cubic spinel crystal structure, which is characteristic of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). In these crystals, iron ions occupy two nonequivalent sites, tetrahedral (A

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• light. Among these compounds, the spinel-type compound CuBi2O4 has attracted much attention because of its low phonon energy, strong visible-light response and adequate thermal stability [11][12]. Because of these attractive features, CuBi2O4 has been widely studied as a photocatalytic material in the

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• −xO4 NPs, with x = 0–1 in steps of 0.2, from soft magnetic (Fe3O4) to hard magnetic (CoFe2O4) ferrite, with a significant variation of the magnetic anisotropy. The phase purity and the formation of crystalline NPs with a spinel structure were confirmed through Rietveld refinement. The effect of Co

• -0866 for Fe ferrite; no. 01-088-2152 for Fe–Co ferrites and no. 01-079-1744 for Co ferrite) indicating the formation of a cubic spinel structure with the space group Fd−3m (no. 227). Figure 1b showas that the representative (440) reflection shifts towards lower angles with cobalt ions increasingly

• substituting iron ions in the magnetite structure. This indicates an increase of the interplane distances (d) in the spinel structure. Similar results have been reported for NixCo1−xFe2O4 NPs by Caetano and co-workers [15]. According to Bragg’s law, λ = 2d·sin θ, (λ is the wavelength of X-ray wavelength, here

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• well with the cubic spinel structure (ICDD no. 98-003-9131). The crystal size of each sample has been estimated through computational Rietveld refinements using MAUD software [26] (Table 1). Then, the compositions have been checked by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) experiments (Figure 2). The crystal sizes

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• ultrafast recovery time of 18–30 ps [3]. FONPs can be classified as a semiconductor material (with a band gap of ≈0.3 eV), which can be modulated by tuning the nanoparticle diameter [4]. For the magnetite (Fe3O4) material of anti-spinel structure, Fe(II) and Fe(III) of the octahedral position of the crystal

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• Lorentzian shape. The components were a sextet and a doublet, corresponding to the magnetically ordered and non-ordered components, respectively. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows the room temperature X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples. They confirm a cubic spinel structure, comparable with those

• . In most cases, the cation distribution of stoichiometric bulk Mn-ferrite is demonstrated as where A and B denote tetrahedral and octahedral sites in spinel structure [25]. A higher amount of Mn in B sites has been shown to reduce the lattice parameter to 8.4 Å in 7.5 nm MnFe2O4 nanoparticles [26

• ]. At the nanoscale, the cation distribution of the spinel structure is deeply affected by the local broken bonds that lead to a coordination variation at the particle surface. Furthermore, the oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn3+ is a common event that accrues in the transition from the bulk state toward

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

• Qingquan Kong,
• Yichun Yin,
• Bing Xue,
• Yonggang Jin,
• Wei Feng,
• Zhi-Gang Chen,
• Shi Su and
• Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

• , such as transition metal (TM) oxides and various complex structures (e.g., perovskite, spinel and hexaaluminate) have been tested as catalysts for CH4 oxidation. But so far their performance is still much lower than noble metals. An ideal catalyst for CH4 oxidation should have a high capacity to adsorb

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea 10.3762/bjnano.9.228 Abstract Co3O4 has been widely studied as a catalyst when coupled with a photoactive material during hydrogen production using water splitting. Here, we demonstrate a photoactive spinel Co3O4 electrode grown by the

• respect to the water redox potential [3][9][10]. The spinel Co3O4 is interesting because of its dual bandgap (1.5 and 2.2 eV), high absorption coefficient, intrinsic p-type doping and chemical stability. It has found application as a light-absorbing entity in all-metal-oxide photovoltaic cells [11][12][13

• ]. Existing studies have measured a photocurrent of 33.6 μA·cm−2 in 0.5 M Na2S on a mesoporous Co3O4 nanosheet grown through in situ transformation from hexagonal Co(OH)2 to spinel Co3O4 [18]. Hong et al. demonstrated a photocurrent of 0.4 mA·cm−2 from Co3O4 nanowire photocathodes, which could be enhanced to

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• ,D in Supporting Information File 1), finding the same spinel crystalline planes as previously reported in literature for Fe3O4 nanopowders [32]. Hence, the synthesized particles are crystalline. Regarding the yield of the reaction both synthesis delivered comparable nanoparticle yields after washing

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• Co (0) are observed because most of the Co nanoparticles are surrounded by the spinel oxide and carbon matrix. The C 1s spectrum shows three peaks (Figure 6D) correlated with several types of C species (C–C at 284.6 eV, C=N/C–O at 286.6 eV, and O–C=O at 289.0 eV) [40], indicating that nitrogen-doped

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) along with their good recoverability and recyclability. Keywords: charge transfer; Cr(VI) reduction; heterojunction; modified TiO2; photocatalysis; spinel oxides; Review Introduction The increase in the global population demands rapid growth of industrialization and

• visible light for reduction of Cr(VI) was exhibited by 2.0% Bi2O3/TiO2. A further increase in Bi2O3 dosage may create new recombination centers of photoinduced charge carriers, which in turn decreased the photocatalytic activity [178]. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by TiO2 modified with spinel metal

• oxides: Spinel types of metal oxides with the general formula AB2O4 (where A is a divalent metal ion and B is a trivalent metal ion) possess narrow band gaps which enable them to absorb throughout the visible region [179]. In addition, these materials have a high tendency for conduction of electrons