Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• -lubricating material [24]. Saravanan et al. [25] have measured the friction and wear of polymer materials such as polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyetheretherketone, and polytetrafluoroethylene [26]. Polymer balls have been rubbed on a steel surface covered with

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• sputter deposition processes [44]. In Thornton’s report, the probe used for the heat flux measurement, whose temperature increases when submitted to the sputtering plasma, was a stainless-steel body weighing 200 mg. Ultimately, in the case of a solid substrate, the heat transfer and resulting increase of

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• polarization curve of an ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte system is shown in Figure 11. According to this method, the optimized film of a polymer gel electrolyte is sandwiched in between two symmetrical stainless steel (SS) electrodes and the film is polarized by applying a potential of 1.0 V

• following equation: where l is the thickness of the sample, A is the geometric surface area, and Rb is the bulk electrolyte resistance which is measured by using Nyquist plots. For conductivity measurements, the samples were cut into uniform sizes and sandwiched between two stainless steel electrodes

• voltage of 1.0 V was applied across the polymer gel electrolyte film sandwiched between two stainless steel electrodes. The total ionic transference number was calculated by using the following equation: where, iT is the initial electronic current and ie is the residual electronic current [9]. SEM images

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• and sizes for a wide range of applications. Metals such as titanium [61][62], stainless steel [58][63][64], silicon [65][66][67], ceramics [68][69], biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) [70], PLGA [71], and polyglycolic acid (PGA) [72], and non-degradable polymers such as

• (COP) material using this method [5]. Fabrication and use of metal microneedles In addition to silicon and polymers, microneedles are also fabricated from metals including nickel, titanium, stainless steel, and palladium. Metals provide good mechanical properties and biocompatibility for microneedle

• layer of polymer introduced between the mould and the metal structure to facilitate chemical lift-off separation of the final array. For hollow metal microneedles, a plasma etching step was performed prior to metal deposition [106]. Unlike the ubiquitous stainless steel hypodermic needle, safety

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• of the ink was transferred dropwise on the substrate followed by rolling a stainless steel rod on the PET film for a few minutes. The ink-coated film was then placed in a preheated oven for 3 min for curing. The curing temperature was 130 °C. A higher curing temperature may disrupt the PET film

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• interesting perspectives for the study of more complex structures of polyoxometalate compounds with multiple stable redox states. Experimental UHV scanning tunneling microscope All experiments were performed in an UHV chamber working at a base pressure of 1 × 10−10 mbar. Its stainless-steel vessel is equipped

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• problems. Some examples of self-powered systems have been introduced to solve this problem by integrating P-TENGs into an anti-corrosion protection system. Feng et al. have reported P-TENGs that can readily convert kinetic energy into electricity to protect A3 steel from corrosion and biofouling [93]. A

• square-shaped A3 steel piece was connected to the cathode and a carbon electrode was connected to the anode, with a P-TENG paired with a rectifier and a capacitor connected in parallel with the electrochemical system. The P-TENG, in this case, was composed of PVDF and paper as the friction layers. The

• comparative results shown in the photographs of the A3 steel pieces with and without a self-powered cathodic protection system revealed that there were no obvious changes in the morphology and color of the surface of the A3 steel in connection with the TENG. However, the A3 steel without the self-powered

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• , disintegration of metallic structural elements into oxides is a process that leads to ultimate loss of these structural elements if they are not properly protected. Turning iron and steel into rust is quantitatively the largest loss factor for structures, vehicles, and machinery worldwide. In some cases, oxides

Walking energy harvesting and self-powered tracking system based on triboelectric nanogenerators

• Mingliang Yao,
• Guangzhong Xie,
• Qichen Gong and
• Yuanjie Su

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1590–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.141

• terephthalate) (PET) substrate. The Kapton film was fixed with a row of steel rods and heated, for 4 h in an oven at 100 °C, to achieve a wavy configuration. Copper foils were deposited onto both sides of the Kapton film by electron beam evaporation to form the wave-shaped electrode. The lead was connected to

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• to this may have a significant effect on maintaining the safety and security of human beings [2][3]. One common water contamination is caused by cadmium ions. There are numerous sources of Cd ions in groundwater, including industrial wastewater, mining industry, fossil fuels, iron and steel industry

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• teflon-coated rotating needle with a stainless steel core at the bottom of the coagulation bath. The needle was placed perpendicular to the direction of the feedstock solution flow to facilitate subsequent fiber winding. For this purpose, a rotational movement of the needle was combined with a

• rotating needle with a stainless steel core, which simultaneously performed a translational movement to achieve a helical fiber shape. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 31: Additional experimental data. Supporting Information File 32: Video showing the magnetic manipulation of a helical

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• methanol followed by equilibration with 2 mL of deionized water with the same flow rate. The amount of adsorbed chloroanilic acid (analyte) was determined from the collected solution of the loading step by UV–vis spectroscopy at a wavelength of 331 nm [73]. The membranes were placed in a stainless-steel

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• steel current collectors, separated by filter paper dipped in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Results and Discussion LPE assisted by tip sonication is an effective technique to peel off mono- and few-layers from layered bulk materials. In the crystal structure of α-MoO3 the atoms are connected to layers through

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• glycerol (8 mL) under slow stirring. Secondly, 0.1098 g Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and 0.4042 g Fe(NO3)3·9H2O were dissolved in the obtained homogeneous solution under magnetic stirring for 1 h. Subsequently, the mixed solutions were transferred into a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (50 mL), and then

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• solution A is mixed with solution B and stirred for 30 min. Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a 50 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and retained at 200 °C for 24 h. After cooling naturally, the product was washed with deionized water and absolute ethanol for several times and dried at

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• nitrate hexahydrate and 40 mmol·L−1 2MI were first dissolved in absolute methanol, and then mixed to make a total volume of 60 mL solution. After stirring at 400 rpm for 10 to 15 min, the well-mixed solution was transferred into a 120 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave reactor. The reaction was

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• %, Aladdin) was put in a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave. Then, 5 mL of deionized water and 5 mL of a HF acid solution (hydrofluoric acid, 40%, Aladdin) were added sequentially. The autoclave was maintained at 180 °C for 8 h and then cooled naturally to room temperature. The obtained precipitate was

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• IONPs at the gas/liquid interface, the variation of the interfacial tension was acquired using a Tracker® tensiometer (Teclis, Civrieux d’Azergues, France). A 5 µL bubble was formed at the end of a steel capillary that had a tip diameter of 1 mm. The rising bubble was saturated with F-hexane by purging

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• stainless steel autoclave. The design of the autoclave is similar to a standard acid digestion vessel. The autoclave was then closed with a stainless steel screw-tightened cap. Both autoclaves were placed simultaneously into

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• under vacuum at 320 °C overnight to remove any solvent molecules from the voids. SF6-loading experiments Analogous as described in [12], in each experiment, 50−100 mg of MFU-4 was placed in a steel vessel constructed from metal tubing attached to a manometer. The vessel was filled with SF6 gas and kept

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• and RA content was analyzed after filtration by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Knauer Eurospher II RP C18 column (Knauer, Germany) (15 × 0.4 cm) stainless steel packed with 5 µm particles, eluted at room temperature with different mobile phases. Samples of 50 µL were injected

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• yields of 90% and selectivities of 94% and 87%, respectively. In this previous work 2 g of the alkyne substrate were mixed with 0.1 g of a 0.5 wt % NiGa@[BMIm][BF4] dispersion (containing 3.9 µmol NiGa) in a steel autoclave. Hydrogen was charged with 5 bar at 120 °C and the reaction was run for 3 h [30

• microwave decomposition (60 min, 50 W, 230 °C) to gain 0.5 wt % nanoparticles in ionic liquid. Catalytic hydrogenation of alkynes A Büchi stainless steel autoclave with a glass inlet was charged with 0.1 g of freshly synthesized NiGa@[BMIm][NTf2] dispersion (1 wt % in total metal, 8 µmol NiGa). 2 g of

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• temperature until the polymer was completely dissolved. The solution was transferred to 5 mL plastic syringes and connected through a PTFE tube to a 20-gauge blunt (0.9 mm diameter) stainless steel needle charged by a high voltage power supply in the range of 0–20 kV. The parameters were previously optimized

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• shown schematically in Figure 1, was loaded with sample substrates. To close the chamber, a glass slide (see below in Figure 2) was sealed to the chamber with PTFE grease. The solutions were introduced into the chamber with stainless steel threaded pipes, which were connected to threads in the PTFE body