Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• ) semiconductor nanoparticles. Cellular viability, adhesion, proliferation, and uptake of nanoparticles by endothelial cells were investigated. The effect of free GaN nanoparticles versus the effect of growing endothelial cells on GaN functionalized surfaces was examined. To functionalize surfaces with GaN, GaN

• nanoparticles were synthesized on a sacrificial layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The uptake of GaN nanoparticles by porcine endothelial cells was strongly dependent upon whether they were fixed to the substrate surface or free floating in the medium. The endothelial

• concentration of 10, 50, or 100 µg/mL GaN nanoparticles. The uptake of free GaN nanoparticles was also microscopically visualized (Figure 3) and found to be correlated with increasing concentration of GaN nanoparticles. At higher concentrations, the cell morphology was preserved (Figure 3e–h) as assessed by SEM

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• energy-dependent or -independent routes. Nanoparticles are no exemption. It is known that small silica nanoparticles with a diameter below 50 nm are taken up by cells and that their uptake exerts pronounced toxic effects beyond a certain concentration threshold. However, neither the exact uptake

• mechanism of these particles nor the actual reason for their toxicity has yet been elucidated. In this study we examined the uptake of silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 7, 12 and 22 nm by means of transmission electron microscopy, accompanied by toxicological assays. We show that for every particle

• diameter tested a different membrane morphology during uptake can be observed and that the amount of particles entering in one event is different for the three sizes. Silica particles with a diameter of 22 nm show single-particle internalization with a membrane wrapped around the particles in the cytosol

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• synthesis without dialysis. Glc-NCs were not cytotoxic at any concentration tested (Figure 3B), whereas THPC-NCs were toxic at 100 µM (Figure S14, Supporting Information File 1), indicating that Glc-NCs are suitable for biological experiments even without purification. Cellular uptake of the nanoclusters

• lectin ConA (4). Cell viability of Glc-NCs A) purified and B) without purification incubated for one day with L929 cells. The Glc-NCs were not toxic at any of the concentrations studied. C) Cellular uptake of Glc-NCs when incubated with L929 cells for one day. Gold concentration taken up by the cells was

• measured with ICP-OES and showed an uptake of 108–109 gold atoms per cell. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 168: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements We thank the Max Planck Society for generous funding. The authors would like to thank the group of Prof. Luisa De Cola for XPS

Functional diversity of resilin in Arthropoda

• Jan Michels,
• Esther Appel and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1241–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.115

• resting position [113]. For the uptake of food, hemolymph is pumped into the proboscis resulting in the generation of hydrostatic pressure that completely uncoils the proboscis [113][114][115] and strongly changes the shape of certain proboscis elements. During this process, dorsal parts of the proboscis

In situ characterization of hydrogen absorption in nanoporous palladium produced by dealloying

• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Christopher Wiednig,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1197–1201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.110

• of the total H absorption takes place on sites close to the surface. Being subjected to significantly lower constraints than atomic layers inside the bulk, superficial planes may show stronger outward relaxation during hydrogen uptake, similar to the surface-chemistry-driven actuation behavior known

Experimental and simulation-based investigation of He, Ne and Ar irradiation of polymers for ion microscopy

• Lukasz Rzeznik,
• Yves Fleming,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.104

• monatomic primary ion beams has already been applied to many problems. Typical examples include the investigation of chromosomes [5], the localization of arsenic [6] and iodine [7] in human hair, precise localisation of elements at sub-cellular level in cell biology [8], study of uptake processes in

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• according to their magnetic moment (and the content of iron), so the researchers were able to separate mechanically the most iron-enriched hybrids from the rest of the product. Another example comes from Lamanna's research, where enhanced uptake of CNTs by PC3 tumor cells directly above a neodymium magnet

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Marina Dobrivojević,
• Lada Brkić Ahmed,
• Michal Babič,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Daniel Horák and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

• , 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.7.84 Abstract Background: Cell tracking is a powerful tool to understand cellular migration, dynamics, homing and function of stem cell transplants. Nanoparticles represent possible stem cell tracers, but they differ in cellular uptake and side effects

• their cellular uptake, the mechanism of internalization, cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation of neural stem cells, and compared them to the commercially available dextran-coated nanomag®-D-spio nanoparticles. Results: Light microscopy of Prussian blue staining revealed a concentration-dependent

• intracellular uptake of iron oxide in neural stem cells. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and the calcein acetoxymethyl ester/propidium iodide assay demonstrated that poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles scored better than nanomag®-D-spio in cell labeling efficiency, viability and proliferation

Templated green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in onion epidermal cells suitable for surface-enhanced Raman and hyper-Raman scattering

• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen,
• Marina Gühlke,
• Zsuzsanna Heiner,
• Janina Kneipp and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 834–840, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.75

• demonstrate a templated green preparation of enhancing plasmonic nanoparticles and suggest a new route to deliver silver nanoparticles as basic building blocks of plasmonic nanosensors to plants by the uptake of solutions of metal salts. Keywords: biotemplates; green preparation; onion; plasmonic

• extracellular space a biomolecular environment is provided that enables the templated growth and the stabilization of larger plasmonic nanoparticles. As suggested by uptake studies with other metal ions into epidermal cells, adsorption of the silver to the extracellular matrix is expected to be faster than

• uptake into the cells [29]. Several molecular candidates can be responsible for the reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles in these regions, specifically pectin, which is part of the cell wall, and which has been shown to be an efficient reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• into the arteriovenous plexus underneath the epidermis. NPs, in the form of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, also cause acute eye irritation after administration [30]. The respiratory system shows its unique role in the uptake of NPs, because inhaled NPs have noxious effects on human health. Apical

• . Research using endothelial cell cultures in order to quantify the uptake of PLGA NPs showed a concentration-dependent uptake of PLGA [47]. Several NPs (COOH100, PEG100, Methyl100, Lysine100) associate with cells through the ability of protein binding on their surfaces [48]. SiO2 causes inflammation and

• stress found that without shear stress, the cellular uptake/association of both PDA-coated liposomes (LPDA) and LPDA-PEG for hepatocytes were quite similar, while myoblasts preferred to internalize/associate with LPDA. However, under shear stress, hepatocytes showed its preference to LPDA after 30 min

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• mitochondrial impairment. At the same time, glutamate uptake was down-regulated, and ROS was promoted [38]. Coccini et al. [39] found that when D384 (human glial cell line) and SH-SY5Y (human neuronal cell line) cells were treated with TiO2 NPs, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cell membrane, and changes in

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• mechanisms proposed to explain the cellular uptake of CNTs including the passive diffusion in a non-invasive manner (tiny nanoneedle mechanism) [18]. Carbon nanotubes have been successfully used to transport different types of anticancer agents including camptothecin, doxorubicin and daunorubicin [19]. The

Molecular machines operating on the nanoscale: from classical to quantum

• Igor Goychuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 328–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.31

• electronic states of the pump. This process is complex. It requires, apart from intramolecular electron transfer, also uptake and release of electrons from two baths of electrons on different sides of a membrane, which can be provided, for example, by mobile electron carriers [1]. However, intramolecular

Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au⁰-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica

• Liz M. Rösken,
• Felix Cappel,
• Susanne Körsten,
• Christian B. Fischer,
• Andreas Schönleber,
• Sander van Smaalen,
• Stefan Geimer,
• Christian Beresko,
• Georg Ankerhold and
• Stefan Wehner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 312–327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.30

• substances (EPS) of vegetative cells and the heterocyst polysaccharide layer (HEP) are the regions, where the first nanoparticles are detected on most other cells. The uptake of gold starts immediately after incubation and within four hours the average size remains constant around 10 nm. Analyzing the TEM

• the vegetative cells are more important as location for nanoparticle biosynthesis than the heterocysts. In this study we have undertaken first steps to quantify the uptake of gold into the cyanobacteria in various ways: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) shows that the higher the

• concentration of gold ions in the culture the larger is the amount of gold found in the biomass. From the average size of nanoparticles determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and the number of nanoparticles recorded by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the average uptake of the cyanobacteria can be

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• delivery systems [4]. The biomedical applications of AgNPs and SPIONs imply uptake into the body, which consequently leads to interactions with protein-containing biological fluids [5][6]. Therefore, it is of increasing interest to systematically collect detailed information on their physicochemical

• media like dissolution, adsorption, binding, and aggregation, all influencing biological impacts by affecting reactive oxygen species generation, cellular uptake and NP biodistribution [15][16][17][18]. Metallic NPs usually aggregate in media with high electrolyte content that correspond to biological

• uptake and toxicity of metallic NPs [41][42], whereas differences in surface coatings influence cytotoxicity and surface charge [43]. However, it is still unclear how different surface coatings affect the interaction of NPs with biological environments and the formation of the protein corona. Because

3D solid supported inter-polyelectrolyte complexes obtained by the alternate deposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

• Eduardo Guzmán,
• Armando Maestro,
• Sara Llamas,
• Jesús Álvarez-Rodríguez,
• Francisco Ortega,
• Ángel Maroto-Valiente and
• Ramón G. Rubio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 197–208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.18

• interactions occurring in the system and the polymer conformation, without effects due to the hydration/swelling phenomena associated with the uptake/release of water. Even though the N dependence of the adsorbed mass is not changed by the drying process, other aspects are strongly modified by the film drying

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

•  13b show the hydrogen sorption kinetics at 350 °C for Mg/MgH2 for the first and the third cycles (uptake and loss in wt % hydrogen). Hydrogen sorption kinetics and capacities increase from the first to the third cycle and then are constant for the subsequent cycles (not shown here). This activation

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• uptake of ENMs in the organisms. 35% of the data in NanoE-Tox concerns ecotoxicity of Ag NPs, followed by TiO2 (22%), CeO2 (13%), and ZnO (10%). Most of the data originates from studies with crustaceans (26%), bacteria (17%), fish (13%), and algae (11%). Based on the median toxicity values of the most

• mechanisms and uptake of ENMs in the organisms was compiled. All the collected data were analysed to give an overview of ENM toxicity across different studied species. The following ENMs based on production volumes, application in consumer products and technological potential were included in the database

• the studied ENM (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1) (ii) uptake in the organisms, and (iii) accumulation in cells, tissues and organs (Table S3, Supporting Information File 1). All the collected data were compiled into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet which was used for creating a database on

Atomic scale interface design and characterisation

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Chris Ewels and
• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1708–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.174

• many major strides have been made in the last three decades concerning the synthesis, characterisation and properties of individual nanoobjects, their technological uptake necessarily requires integration into devices. To achieve this, detailed characterization, design and control of the interface

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• proposed to extend the list of endpoints for hazard identification to include cell uptake, cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, immunotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, ventilation rate, gill pathologies, mucus secretion and brain pathology. The EU guidance document lists the main

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• impurities or zinc ions, as any dissolved zinc would have remained in the exposure media due to the static nature of these experiments. The delayed mortality response in the bare ZnO particles could also relate to the onset of mouth-gaping behavior during fish development that led to increased uptake over

• the exposure period; however, this would likely have occurred with the coated particles as well unless this was specific to zinc ion uptake or direct impacts of generated ROS. Only one ZnO NP (NGZ) caused any significant sublethal impacts in the developing fish with notochord malformations as well as

Continuum models of focused electron beam induced processing

• Milos Toth,
• Charlene Lobo,
• Vinzenz Friedli,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1518–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.157

• molecule flux will rapidly decrease with distance between the capillary and the substrate. Wall uptake The GIS simulator incorporates an uptake factor for capillary wall collisions. Setting this value to zero means that all molecules colliding with the wall will immediately desorb; setting the value to 1

• means that all molecules colliding with the wall will adsorb permanently (i.e., only molecules without wall collisions will exit the capillary). In most cases the uptake factor can be set to zero, as molecule condensation on capillary walls is normally avoided through the pressure gradient and keeping

• collisions. (Metal carbonyls are known for autocatalytic decomposition but data quantifying the uptake coefficients is sparse. A change in colour of the capillary points to such a mechanism). Analogous to the atomic layer deposition process [45], a more likely scenario is that at room temperature the

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• , differing in lengths as well as diameters. This suggests that the absence of a well-developed brush border in M cells may facilitate the adherence of antigens on the cell surface and, as a consequence, cellular uptake processes [2]. By contrast, the large surface area of intestinal microvilli is more

• this cell adhesion molecule assists not only transformation from enterocytes to M cells but also preferential uptake by M cells [59]. This suggests that the presence of α5β1 integrin on the apical surfaces of M cells is likely to be responsible for the enhanced adhesion properties obtained via AFM

• fill remaining data gaps on the effects of these parameters on cell mechanics/kinetics and, as a consequence, on cellular uptake processes (e.g., nanoparticulate systems/antigens). Conclusion The current study shows that cytoskeletal structures and the content of F-actin filaments strongly impact

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• calcitriol remained stable at release conditions throughout the experiment period. Cellular uptake of PLGA NPs and calcitriol-induced morphological changes The internalization of fluorescent C6–calcitriol–PLGA NPs by S2-013, hTERT-HPNE and A549 cells was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Counterstaining of

• uptake (Figure 3G). As shown in Figure 3H, after 2 h of incubation, the nanoparticles were internalized by A549 cells. It is also possible to observe some colocalization of C6-PLGA NPs with the red-stained late endosomes or lysosomes (yellow color, in Figure 3H). Quantitative analysis with the ImageJ

• experiments were performed in triplicate. Cellular imaging studies Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to evaluate the NP in vitro uptake and morphological changes in S2-013, hTERT-HPNE and A549 cells. The cells were seeded in µ-chamber 12-well plates (ibidi, Germany) at a density of 1000 cells