Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• ]. The susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial materials may depend on several factors, such as dose, humidity, and strain specificity [42][43]. Silver has been shown to exert a biocidal effect similar to that of copper against several E. coli and S. aureus strains using lower doses [43]. Likewise

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• arrangements of single fibers and tracheids with unprecedented 3D details in spatial distribution compared to traditional methods such as SEM, which, however, show more details of the pit structures [40][41][42]. Unlike those conventional imaging methods, nano-CT 3D models provide a comprehensive view of pit

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• complexity of signal–sample interactions, and background noise [41]. As a result, it can be challenging to distinguish peak broadening caused specifically by crystallite size from that induced by other contributing factors [42][43]. Nevertheless, the Scherrer equation remains a valuable tool for estimating

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• directly under the graphene after post-growth exposure to atmosphere. This could have implications for better understanding transfer mechanisms that rely on oxidation of the Cu substrate [39][40], defect characterisation [41], or the heat dissipation ability of graphene on Cu [42]. Methods CVD graphene

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• transport of ENMs, as well as potential occupational and consumer exposures across production, use, and disposal stages [42][43][44]. Predictive toxicology Predictive toxicology is pivotal to SSbD strategies because it enables early-stage assessments of potential nanomaterial hazards, thereby minimizing

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• ., DOX, geldanamycin) under alternating magnetic fields while preserving systemic safety [65]. Core–shell magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@P(MEO2MA60-OEGMA40)) combine magnetic hyperthermia with controlled doxorubicin release, achieving localized heating (≈42 °C) under an alternating magnetic field to

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• , as well as the nature of the cell culture medium and its components such as serum as well as growth factors, dyes, and antibiotics [40][41][42]. Apart from the already reported greatest stability in cell culture medium over time (by AF4 analysis), the highest cell uptake NLb1 can be also attributed

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• inductances has not yet been obtained, and the optimal parameter values are selected numerically [1][31][39][40][41][42]. A generalized theory of the Gauss neuron, accounting for the interaction of all five elements of the experimental device, is currently under development by our group. The necessity of

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• polydispersity index (PDI) (0.100 ± 0.022), small size (103.43 ± 1.31 nm), and slightly negative zeta potential (−12.23 ± 0.35 mV). The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was 94 ± 2.4% for R-PE and 42 ± 2.8% for 5-FU. Regarding the stability study, the liposomes maintained vesicle size, PDI and zeta potential values

• involve particles up to four times larger than those in the present study [39]. Notably, co-loading of 5-FU and R-PE in HSPC liposomes improved EE% to 46% and 42% for HSPC 25 and HSPC 50, respectively. This suggests a possible interaction between the protein and the drug, enhancing 5-FU retention

• slight reduction in vesicle size compared to previous reports can be possibly due to the presence of DSPE–PEG [34]. The incorporation of hydrophilic molecules into liposomal formulations does not necessarily result in an increase in vesicle size [42]. For instance, liposomes composed of HSPC 50 and

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• ) has expanded significantly in recent years, especially in high-tech sectors such as electronics, telecommunications, medical devices, automotive, aerospace, and defense [40][41][42]. This growing interest reflects the critical need to address specific surface-level threats, including icing, fogging

• historic wood artifacts (Figure 7e–h). The rose-petal wetting effect (characterized by a high contact angle) [33][42] was observed, though further enhancement required a post-treatment for low surface energy. The reported papers focused on wood substrates collectively highlight the efforts to align novel

Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?

• Philipp Ginal,
• Yannick Ecker,
• Timothy Higham,
• L. Lee Grismer,
• Benjamin Wipfler,
• Dennis Rödder,
• Anthony Russell and
• Jendrian Riedel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 38–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.4

• -based karstic landscapes. Cyrtodactylus includes many endemic structural habitat specialists, among which are terrestrial, and various saxicoline and arboreal species [40][42]. This great species richness and repeated transition between structural microhabitats renders this genus a prime candidate for

• habitats [40][42], and in so doing evolved, from spinules, variously expressed subdigital microstructure types, namely, setae, prongs, and spines (Figure 2). Based on the results of Riedel et al. [43], we predicted setae to be more prevalent in arboreal than in saxicoline species (hypothesis 2), because

• subdigital scale shape. Subdigital scale outlines were used for comparison with the microstructure data (see below). Each species was assigned to broad habitat type following Riedel et al. [43] and to fine-scale ecotype according to Grismer et al. [40][42]. Four broad habitat types were distinguished that

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• Discussion SEM images are presented in Figure 2a–c. With these, the rGO paper sheet thickness was determined (Table 1), reaching from 4.95 μm for the initial M300 material [34] up to 36.48 μm after the thermal treatment. The expansion of the fabricated films originates from thermal exfoliation [42]. The

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• numerous theoretical propositions demonstrating the possibility of the superconducting diode effect such as bulk superconducting materials [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], proximity-effect hybrid structures [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], Josephson structures [46][47][48

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• pushed NPs, leaving holes with a depth of up to 7 nm in the Si surface. The origin of these holes still needs to be clarified, but formation during NP impact (at high substrate voltages) due to plastic deformation/tilting, formation of the Cu3Si intermetallic phase [42], and/or fracturing of the NP

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• ]. Thermally coupled bands, defined as bands separated by less than 2000 cm−1 (<0.248 eV), favor a higher-level population with an increase in thermal energy, thereby enabling temperature-sensitive fluorescence emission [42]. For the NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ composite, the energy bands (2H11/2 and 4S3/2) are separated

• complex nature of the dynamic UC process, particularly at higher temperatures, can influence the temperature-sensing properties of UCNPs [37][42]. However, even within the physiological temperature range (30–50 °C), other UC processes such as thermal quenching, shifts in the Boltzmann distribution, and

• energy gap between thermally coupled levels [42]. In our results, these effects are minimized, as the FIR calibration exhibits a consistent and linear temperature dependence over the 25–33 °C range, with no significant deviations from the expected response. This suggests that our UCNP system provides

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• , and varied tunnel-current densities. The LO for SIR should satisfy the following criteria based on the previous study of a heterodyne receiver with a local oscillator based on long Josephson junctions (LJJ) [42]. First, the power of the RF signal incoming to the SIS mixer should induce the

• within the black dashed rectangle in Figure 1). The purpose of the samples under study is to develop the wideband matching circuits between the LO and HM and implement the phase locking loop (PLL) for a new type of LO [42]. The image of one of the experimental samples captured by an optical microscope is

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• heating capability, a critical requirement for hyperthermia applications. The temperature increases of 6.5 and 9.6 °C under 536 and 796 kHz, respectively, surpass the thermal threshold required to induce apoptosis in cancer cells (42–46 °C). The fast heating kinetics observed here are comparable to those

• reported by Shabalkin et al., where ZnFe2O4@MnFe2O4 NPs reached the desired hyperthermic range (42 °C) within seconds under similar field conditions [24]. In contrast, other studies with single-phase MnFe2O4 or ZnFe2O4 NPs often require higher magnetic field intensities to achieve comparable heating rates

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• Information File 4: Additional figures and tables. Supporting Information File 5: CLSM Z-stack animation video of DPP-BC (low fibre density) over the course of 42 frames. Supporting Information File 6: CLSM Z-stack animation video of DPP-BC (high fibre density) over the course of 29 frames. Acknowledgements

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• interface yields a continuous order parameter profile across the interface. In realistic systems, finite reflectivity due to band mismatch leads to partial suppression of Andreev reflection and reduced proximity strength [6][42]. Even small interface imperfections can significantly impact superconducting

• hybrid devices by enhancing normal quasiparticle scattering at the expense of Cooper pair transport [42]. Although interface transparency can be tuned by chemical surface treatments or in situ growth [43], an alternative and less explored approach is to control the proximity effect via the geometry of

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• many morphologically distinct cPNSs [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Separately, chiral organic scaffolds (e.g., DNA, DNA origami and peptides) have also been used to coax achiral plasmonic nanocrystals (NCs) into chiral assemblies [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. The tetragonal and

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• 55% to 74%. Hence, it is important to note that the absorption rates vary greatly depending on the specific food items; for instance, egg products, fish, and lean meat have an absorption rate of 24% to 36% (VB12 dose 0.30–0.94 µg), 42% (dose 1.95–2.18 µg), and 65% (dose 0.95 µg), respectively [34][35

• increase the intake rate of this vitamin during pregnancy and lactation as VB12 deficiency can cause some fully reversible damage to newborns’ brain and nervous system health [41][42]. A recent study revealed that VB12 deficiency should be considered one of the most important parameters in infants with

• the total content of VB12 (42 μg/100 g; Ado-Cbl as the main isomer) purified from the halotolerant green alga, Dunaliella salina V-101 using a luminometer and in a polystyrene cuvette, where VB12 served as the recognition analyte, the luminol-based reaction acted as the indicator system, and the

Electromagnetic study of a split-ring resonator metamaterial with cold-electron bolometers

• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Revin and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2199–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.152

• , black curve) outer ring diameter dout = 80 μm, inner ring diameter din = 70 μm, period P = 86 μm; (b, red curve) dout = 64 μm, din = 56 μm, P = 68.8 μm; (c, blue curve) dout = 48 μm, din = 42 μm, P = 51.6 μm; (d, purple curve) dout = 32 μm, din = 28 μm, P = 34.4 μm. Bottom: AFC of the 19 SRR-based

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• concentrated carbohydrate solution (more than 40% of the total aqueous volume) provide a macromolecular crowding environment which diminishes particle interaction [42]. The dimanno-AuNPs used in this research were produced in a solution of ca. 50% dimannoside ligand, sufficient to decrease the agglomeration

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• more than 99% removal efficiencies under controlled conditions [42]. Sedimentation methods are frequently used in wastewater treatment plants, making use of the density difference between MPs and water. But it is difficult to trap particles measuring less than 10 µm with such processes. Physical

• alpine ecosystems [46]. Tiwari et al. found that psychrophilic lipases and esterases found in marine environments degrade MPs in low-temperature experiments, lending credibility to their use in Himalayan habitats [42]. The ecological significance of cryophilic fungal species has been highlighted by

• recently demonstrated the effectiveness of biofilms formed by engineered microbial consortia in expediting enzymatic degradation in response to specific environmental conditions, such as low temperatures [42]. Biofilms are very beneficial in habitats such as Himalayan lakes. Biofilm-based remediation

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• difference (p < 0.05) in pH compared with earlier time points. Although the reduction was modest, from pH 6.4 ± 0.1 to 5.9 ± 0.3, it is hypothesized to result from a combination of physicochemical and microbiological factors [42]. One possible explanation involves the oxidative or hydrolytic degradation of

• shift [42][43]. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating preservatives into the MEgel formulation to mitigate such instability. It is worth noting that although microemulsified systems are thermodynamically stable, their individual excipients remain vulnerable to instability phenomena