Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• ) at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. After harvesting, the cells were counted, requiring approximately 106 to 107 cells per milliliter per isolation pass, obtaining a satisfactory mitochondrial yield. Mitochondria were isolated using the Mitochondria Isolation Kit for Cultured Cells (Abcam, UK

• nitrogen cavitation or mechanochemical method were performed as described in [21]. The following primary antibodies were used: anti-VDAC (1:500) (OriGene Technologies, Inc., USA), anti-GAPDH (1:1000) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), and Total OXPHOS Rodent WB Antibody Cocktail (1:250) (Abcam, UK

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• spectrometer. EBSD analysis of PCD crystalline orientation was performed using a Hitachi S-3400N microscope (accelerating voltage of 20 kV, Hitachi Ltd., Berkshire, UK) equipped with a HKL Advanced EBSD System Nordlys II S. The diffraction patterns were obtained using Flamenco software and analyzed using Tango

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• microscopy (TEM) and EDX with a Jeol 2200FS microscope (Japan) equipped with an Oxford X-MaxN TLE 80 EDX detector (UK). The microscope was operated at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV and utilized a 2k × 2k GATAN UltraScan 1000XP CCD camera. For TEM analysis, the colloidal particles were dispersed onto a

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• Analytical, UK). The zeta potential of LNPs was measured using a Zetasizer Nano Z (Malvern Panalytical). Before analysis, LNP stocks were diluted 1:20 in ultrapure water. LNP uptake Cells were seeded in 48-well plates the day prior to the uptake experiment at 2 × 104 cells/well. The plates were pre-coated

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• Field-emission SEM analysis was performed using a Merlin Compact instrument (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) with an SE2 detector. The sample was mounted on a clean silicon wafer and coated with a nanoscale platinum layer using an ion sputter coater (Q150T Plus, Quorum Technologies, UK). EDX analysis was

• conducted using an Aztec Energy X-MaxN system (Oxford Instruments, UK) at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV and a working distance of 8.5 mm. FTIR FTIR analysis was performed using a Spectrum Two FTIR spectrometer (PerkinElmer, MA, USA) equipped with a LiTaO3 detector and an attenuated total reflectance

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• determined by dynamic light scattering using Zetasizer Nano ZS equipment (Malvern Instruments, UK). For this purpose, about 1,000 μL of the sample, undiluted and at a temperature of 25 °C, were inserted into a cuvette suitable for carrying out the measurements [8]. The optical properties of the samples were

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• , USA) were mixed, homogenized, and pressed at 200 MPa (Datona press, Netherlands) into a 2 mm thick target with 10 mm diameter. The pressed disc was then sintered in a furnace (Carbolite-CTF, UK) under vacuum conditions at 1000 °C for 22 h. Finally, the sintered disc was mechanically polished to remove

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• , UK). Dried 10 mg/mL PEG–PCL NPs were dissolved in PBS and sonicated for 30 min. The sonicated sample was taken in a cuvette for measurement. The sample pH was in the range of 7.2–7.4. Separate cuvettes (DTS1072 and DTS0012) were used to measure the surface charge and average size of the nanoparticles

• physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, surface charge, and elemental composition using DLS, TEM, SEM, and XPS (Figure 2). The PEG–PCL NPs were characterized using a zetasizer (Nano ZS, Malvern, UK) to comprehensively assess their size, surface charge, monodispersity, and average hydrodynamic size

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• and an image analysis system (Andor Technology, Belfast, UK) and a software (KOMET 5.0, Kinetic Imaging, UK) at 400× magnification. Three independent experiments were performed for each group. The mean value of three Comet parameters, tail DNA (%), tail length (μm), and Olive tail moment (OTM) were

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 2770y8, USA School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Pollution, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom Brazilian Nanotechnology

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• weighed on a Sartorius CP2P microbalance (Germany) in tin capsules. Quantitative measurements and data analysis were performed with Callidus 4.1 software. Hydrodynamic size and molecular weight were analyzed with a ZetaSizer Nano dynamic light scattering photon correlation spectrometer from Malvern, UK

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• , Watford, UK). The settings were: sputter time 120 s, current 40 mA, and background pressure 0.08 mbar. Cross-sectional images of single scales were recorded using a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (Scios2, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) using an Everhart–Thornley detector and an

• spectrometer, detector area 50 mm2, Oxford Instruments, UK). Lattice periodicity The lattice periodicity was estimated from SEM images using ImageJ/Fiji [51]. Briefly, SEM images were calibrated using the annotated scale bar and converted from 8-bit to float. Domains with a consistent hexagon appearance were

• the nearest neighbor distance was multiplied with to obtain the unit cell size. Preparation of titania replicas Individual scales were scraped off from the elytra and transferred to a glass slide. Scales were etched using an argon plasma etching device (Emitech K1050X, Quorum, Laughton, UK). The

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• (Nano ZS, Malvern, UK). The hydrodynamic size of ʟ-car-AgNPs was measured by placing them in 1 mL disposable cuvettes (DTS0012), while the zeta potential was measured using zeta cuvettes (ZEN1020). The ʟ-car-AgNPs samples were observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM, 120 kV, FEI Tecnai

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• LS2 9JT, UK Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands Computational Materials and Photonics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (FB 16) and Institue of Physics (FB 10), University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 71, 34121 Kassel, Germany Center for

• computational resources. Parts of this work have been performed using the Danish National Life Science Supercomputing Centre, Computerome. This work has also used the ARCHER2 UK National Supercomputing Service (https://www.archer2.ac.uk). Funding Dr. Abhishek Kumar Mishra (AKM) acknowledges the Science and

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• nanostructures were measured using an Epoch2 spectrophotometer (BioTek, USA). Hydrodynamic radius and polydispersity index (PDI) were measured using dynamic light scattering (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern, UK). The zeta potential measurements were conducted to determine the surface charge for both isotropic and

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• on the grooming structures. The specimens were deposited on aluminum stubs using double-sided adhesive tape. Before the analysis, the samples were sputter-coated with a thin layer of gold (8 nm) using a Q150 T ES (Quorum, Laughton, UK) for 30 s. The samples were then analyzed in a field-emission

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• equipment (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK – detection angle of 173° and laser wavelength of 633 nm). For DLS measurements, NPs were dispersed in MilliQ water (1.0 mg·mL–1). To determine the zeta potential, the NPs were diluted in 10 Mm of phosphate buffer at a concentration of 1.0 mg·mL–1. All measurements

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Leo 440) was utilized for morphological characterizations of the SNPs; lyophilized SNPs were coated with gold, and the samples were placed in the SEM. The zeta potential the of DOX-SNPs was measured by using a Nano Zetasizer (NanoS, Malvern Instruments, London, UK

When nanomedicines meet tropical diseases

• Eder Lilia Romero,
• Katrien Van Bocxlaer and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 830–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.69

• , York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco (UPE), 52171-011, Recife, PE, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.15.69 Keywords: Aedes aegypti

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• of 1 mL of each sample after one wash was taken into consideration for the measurement. The absorbance range was set to 300–900 nm during all measurements. The zeta potential measurement was performed using a Zetasizer (Nano ZS, Malvern UK). The sample was transferred into a DTS1070 cuvette and the

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• , Netherlands) and Affinity Designer (Serif, Nottingham, UK). Results Tarsal structure The structure of the tarsus of M. extradentata was observed using CLSM and SEM (Figure 1B,C). It comprises five tarsomeres (ta 1–5) and the pretarsus. Tarsomeres one to four (ta 1–4) each bear a pair of euplantulae (eu 1–4

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• measured by a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument (Nano ZS90, Malvern, UK). A 2 mg NF sample was added into 1 mL of deionized water and directly detected by ZS90. The detection angle was 90 degrees. The compositions were also analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (Nicolet iS50, Thermo

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• , USA). CytoPainter Phalloidin-iFluor 488 was purchased from Abcam plc. (UK). Endothelial Growth Medium-2 (EGM-2) was obtained from Lonza (Swiss). Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI), penicillin–streptomycin, glutamine, sodium pyruvate, and trypsin/ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid were purchased

• Bligh and Dyer method [77] by a colorimetric phosphate microassay [75]. Size and ζ potential of nanovesicles were determined by dynamic light scattering and phase analysis light scattering, respectively, using a Zetasizer Nano ZS apparatus (Malvern Instruments Ltd, UK). To prepare RhPE-labeled

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• , 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., MO, USA. Urea (CH4N2O, 99%) was obtained from ACS, Reag. Ph Eur, Merck Co., Germany, whereas glycerol (C3H8O3, 99%) was supplied by Daejung Ltd., Korea. ᴅ-glucose (C6H12O6, 99%) was purchased from Fisher Ltd., UK. The microscope glass slides (SiO2, Na2O

• characterization and apparatus The absorbance properties of the sample were recorded using a V-730 UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer supplied by JASCO, Japan. The crystallinity of the Ag NPs-DES thin film was determined using a D8 Advance diffractometer, Bruker, UK, with a Ni-filtered Cu Kα X-ray source. To evaluate

• -focus light element from Bruker, UK, were used. Raman spectra were collected with a XploRA ONE spectroscope (HORIBA, Japan), with a laser wavelength of 532 nm, 1 mW power, and an accumulation number of 60. Schematic of the Ag NPs-DES synthesis. (A) UV–vis spectrum of the Ag NPs-DES solution. (B) XRD