Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• bond formation, metal chelation, and covalent interactions [6]. The byssal threads display a mechanical gradient, with regions proximal to the animal more elastic and distal regions stiffer and tougher [7]. This design allows for effective dissipation of hydrodynamic forces and maintains attachment of

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• [4][5][6]. These nanomaterials have been successfully applied in diverse fields, such as medicine, agriculture, cosmetics, electronics, the food industry, and, more recently, dentistry [5][6]. However, conventional chemical and physical synthesis routes often involve toxic organic solvents, high

• (n = 6) among the species used in green synthesis (Figure 4) reflects their rich phytochemical profiles, particularly their high content of phenolic compounds [33]. These secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, act as both reducing and stabilizing agents

• of both physicochemical properties and biological effects (Figure 6). The most frequently reported biological activity among the selected studies was the inhibition of microbial growth (80.0%; n = 44), highlighting its prominence as a primary target in antimicrobial research. The studies primarily

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [4][5][6]. These adsorbed contaminants can bioaccumulate through the food chain and move from marine organisms to human food [7]. In water supply systems, MPs with adsorbed toxins pose significant risks without being

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• the cutaneous to the mucocutaneous form [6], particularly involving the nasal septum and ears) resulting in scarring, anatomical disfigurement, and consequent social stigmatization [7][8][9]. Current therapeutic strategies for leishmaniasis rely on pentavalent antimonial compounds (first-line therapy

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• gradients), and mechanical (e.g., pressure variations) stimuli [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. These responses are directly connected with electronic and transport properties, which in turn depend on the equilibrium between emission and absorption of

• state to be emitted or absorbed. Once they decay to their ground state, they become unavailable. This decay process is often accomplished via three-phonon processes (called the Klemens’ channel) and via four-phonon processes [1][2][3][6][7][12][13][16][24]. It is widely known that pressure (P)- and

• temperature (T)-dependent phenomena are ruled by anharmonic ph–ph interactions, which are also driven by three- and four-phonon processes, and by e–ph interactions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Therefore, phonon assignments in

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• different thicknesses were investigated for the piezo-photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine [6]. The ultrathin samples achieved an efficiency of 95.8% with a reaction rate constant of 0.148 min−1. This effect was attributed to the higher sensitivity of ultrathin LDH sheets to both light irradiation

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic Ion Beam Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.123 Abstract Precise control of electrical conductivity, humidity sensitivity, and photocatalytic

• , and pronounced plasmonic effects in the visible spectrum [5]. These synergistic characteristics make Ag ions especially advantageous for multifunctional material modification [6]. Silver is one of the metals with the highest electrical conductivity, and its ion implantation is an effective method for

• thin surface layer with a depth of a few nanometers. The deconvolution of the high-resolution C 1s peak of XPS spectra is illustrated in Figure 5 for GO and in Figure 6 for PI. Spectra are shown for unmodified samples and for samples exposed to the highest ion fluence (1 × 1016 cm−2). More detailed

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• , secreted or cell-bound, which form a viscoelastic gel through entanglement and cross-linking. These properties contribute to the protective and lubricating functions of mucus. These functions are performed through steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions with various substances [6]. Mucin is an

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• /mTOR/S6 pathway [5], and SOX2/miR-30e/USP4/SMAD4/CK2 pathway [6] are important mechanisms promoting the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Some of the pathogenesis and risk factors of ESCC and EAC are shown in Figure 1. The initial clinical manifestations of both conditions are often nonspecific and

• specific target has not been extracted and identified. Qiao et al. [114] screened the SYL-6 aptamer with the strongest binding ability to ESCC cells by Cell-SELEX, identified and verified PHB2 as the molecular target for SYL-6-specific binding. The results of mouse model showed that SYL-6-Dox had almost

• the same antitumor activity as free Dox in vivo. In order to further enhance the antitumor effect, the use of nanotechnology to improve the stability of SYL-6 is key. It is worth noting that the SYL-6 aptamer also yields strong fluorescence signals on colon cancer and other tissues, indicating that

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• partly increasing due to the widespread use of screens and computers [5]. Systemic administration of medications for treating ocular diseases requires high doses to achieve therapeutic effects, which can increase the risk of toxicity [6]. Several barriers limit the penetration of ocular medications, such

• , PFAs such as the omega–3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, the omega–6 fatty acid linoleic acid, and the omega–9 fatty acid oleic acid are recognized for their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [29][30]. These fatty acids are predominantly found in linseed oil (Linum usitatissimum, LO

• linoleic acid (LA, omega–6) are recognized as essential bioactive compounds, making LO valuable for medicinal applications. Notably, ALA is metabolized into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), providing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are vital for human

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• technical applications [1][2][3][4]. Of particular interest are, for example, Banksia seed pods [5][6], Hakea fruits [7][8], and scales of pine cones [9][10][11][12], which passively respond to changes in ambient relative humidity by shape morphing to facilitate seed dispersal. In the case of pine cones

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• university laboratories [5]. MAX IV Laboratory in Lund is a Swedish national laboratory inaugurated in 2016; it was the first fourth-generation synchrotron light source worldwide [6][7]. The accelerator complex comprises a linear accelerator as well as a 1.5 GeV and a 3 GeV storage ring for electrons. MAX IV

• back-filled vacuum chamber with two manipulators and base pressure in the 10−6 mbar range. Access to the chamber is realized via a large front door. This offers a versatile and flexible system where various custom setups and sample environments can be installed. The primary setup used at the SLE is an

• observed when comparing the data measured with the two acquisition techniques in Figure 6. The spectroscopic changes induced by the modulation can often be directly seen in pump–probe data, while post-processing is necessary for continuous measurements to obtain similar information. Examples of the two

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• single spin, but also non-Markovian dynamics going beyond the limitations of the Lindblad master equation [3][4][5][6]. The approach is to find the dynamics of the whole system (i.e., the chain and the single spin) and then trace out the chain degrees of freedom, ending up with the master equation for

• be insignificant. Indeed, substituting in (Equation 6) we find: The first term is diagonal in the basis , so its contribution to the eigenvalues of the effective Hamiltonian eigenvalues will be of second order in (as it is the order to which we have expanded ). The second term is of second order in

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• tumor cells. This highly specialized network includes cells such as T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as soluble mediators like cytokines and chemokines, which regulate inflammatory and adaptive responses [5][6]. However, cancer often employs strategies

• , nuts, and herbs, which can help cancer treatment by targeting mitochondrial metabolism and inducing apoptosis through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [189][190][191]. Following the development of the patent, the inventors also incorporated biocompatible polymers, such as PLGA and

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• a Brazilian scorpion species with great medical significance [2][5], responsible for the highest number of accidents and also the most severe ones [6][7]. Scorpion toxins represent a vast collection (≈100,000) of pharmacologically relevant peptide toxins that have provided an important foundation

• serrulatus venom delivery In a manner similar to [14], PLA NPs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation, up to a 30:70 (%) ratio of organic and aqueous phase (OP:AP). The organic phase was set up with 6 mL of acetone solution containing PLA (0.1% w/v) and PEI (0.1% w/v) to 14 mL of the aqueous phase containing

• using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), following the manufacturer instructions. After each collection, the same volume of fresh buffer was added to the tube to maintain constant volume and sustain sink conditions throughout the experiment [14]. Animals BALB/c mice (about 30 g, 6–8

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• disposal stages [6]. The tiny MP particles can directly harm marine life through ingestion or indirectly by attracting and accumulating environmental pollutants [7]. Experimental studies show that exposure to MPs can result in a wide range of harmful effects such as disruptions in metabolism, oxidative

• be fine-tuned at the molecular or atomic level to selectively target specific contaminants [16]. Figure 6 illustrate the key mechanisms of MP removal using nanoparticles. Nanoparticles as adsorbent: Adsorption is the most commonly used method for eliminating inorganic and organic pollutants from

• each material is discussed in Table 6. Challenges and advancements in MP detection The elimination of MPs from water bodies is a key challenge in controlling environmental pollution. Although various technologies have been designed to address this issue, most are still undergoing experimental

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• self-healing mechanisms for reusing damaged structures [3][4][5], the targeted and pre-programmed discard of non-functional parts can also be used to maintain the overall function or recyclability of the materials used [6]. In order to achieve this in a spatially controlled manner, predetermined

• material systems [56][57]. Figure 6 shows patterns of major strain, comparing the FGM specimen just before failure. The dotted red lines show the sections for detailed analysis, which is plotted alongside. The linearly graded specimens showed the highest local strains (over 5%) in the PPGF parts. In the

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• systems of linear equations, and analyzing heat conduction equations [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The basis for the physical implementation of these computations is a quantum processor consisting of computational cells called qudits, whose states can be represented with satisfactory accuracy in the form of a

• , taking into account the nonlinearity [6]: where -EC/12 is the nonlinearity parameter and is the plasma frequency of the transmon. The first term in the Hamiltonian describes a free linear evolution of the photon operators, characterized by their oscillations in time in the Heisenberg representation. The

• coupling strength can be estimated as: and it will vary depending on the external magnetic flux (EJ(Φext) and ωp/2π(Φext)). Here, Zvac ≈ 377 Ω and Z0 = 50 Ω. Taking this expression into account, at a typical plasma transmon frequency of ωp/2π = 5–6 GHz, the coupling strength will be g/2π ≈ 1.2 GHz, and

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• nanowires remove 90–97% OFL in water with a high initial concentration of 50 ppm in 6 h under UV light irradiation for up to six cycles. The contributions of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) additive were also studied. An enhanced efficiency could be achieved only when the H2O2 in water reaches a critical

• and engineering. Conventional treatment approaches, including adsorption, membrane separation, and biological methods, are largely inadequate for antibiotics such as OFL [6][7]. This limitation highlights the need for advanced oxidation processes, with a particular emphasis on TiO2-based

• were conducted under UV light without a prior dark adsorption. This difference in experimental conditions accounts for the variation in degradation profiles between the two figures. After 6 h of irradiation, approximately 96.9% OFL degradation was achieved on the first run. This suggests that dynamic

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• technologies [5][6][7] based on Josephson junctions. It is well established that the properties of nanostructures can significantly differ from those of bulk samples. Currently, close attention is paid to thin-film magnetic structures, which include cobalt and iron [8][9][10]. Thus, in [1], the crystal

• the exchange integral, the sign of which determines the type of interaction (ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic); and si and sj are spin vectors of individual atoms. Equation 6 provides a connection between the spatial and spin degrees of freedom of the system through the exchange integral in the form

• type of the obtained dependence, we have plotted graphs of changes in the individual components of the magnetization vector (in absolute values), which are presented in Figure 6. In a separate inset in Figure 6, the behavior of the magnetization modulus for cobalt nanofilms of different thicknesses is

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• focused on the development of implants that can naturally resorb within the body, thereby eliminating long-term retention and minimizing adverse biological responses [5]. This paradigm is particularly attractive in clinical scenarios such as neurorehabilitation [6][7][8], gastric recovery [9], cardiac

• , making them ideal candidates for next-generation biomedical implants that are designed to function for a limited period, such as for temporary rehabilitation or short-term therapeutic purposes following surgery [6][7][8][10][14][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Clinically relevant implementations

• have already been demonstrated, including transient pressure and temperature sensors designed for short-term intracranial monitoring after traumatic brain injury. These devices capture delayed-onset symptoms and naturally degrade without requiring surgical retrieval [6] (Figure 1a). Examples are a

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• become an emerging field of research [3][4][5][6][7]. The expanding application areas require silicon nanomaterials of different morphologies, including quantum dots, nanowires, and nanocrystalline films. Si nanowires, for example, are considered as a promising alternative to silicon electrodes in Li-ion

• , operating at 1064 nm (energy 80 mJ per pulse, repetition rate 10 Hz, pulse duration 10 ns, laser beam diameter 6 mm, ablation time 20 min) in a double-pulse mode with an interpulse delay of 1 μs [7][10]. These parameters were maintained for all three cases of focusing optics forming spatial profiles of

• liquid and the target. A Si target was constantly moved with a micrometer movement system during laser ablation. For this, the beaker was placed on the xy-motorized stage to ablate the target while scanning with a speed of 2.7 mm·s−1 from left to right and back. The scanning region was 12 × 6 mm with a

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• metal contamination. Consequently, the efficient removal of heavy metal ions remains a critical research challenge. Various methods have been employed including membrane filtration [1], flocculation [2], adsorption [3][4], precipitation [5], electrolytic removal [6], ion exchange [7], reduction [8], and

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• )carbodiimide (EDC) coupling [5] and “click” chemistry reactions [6] have proven to be effective tools in the synthesis of novel functional materials. Carbodiimide coupling is an invaluable tool for the coupling of carboxylic acids to amines, through amide bond formation. The combination of EDC and N

• IONPs, using either amine- or carboxylic acid-functionalized IONPs, especially when biomolecules, such as proteins or peptides, are involved [3][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Sharpless et al. [6] have generally defined “click chemistry” as chemical processes that are highly selective, have a high

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• promote the healing of damaged tissues or organs [5]. Photothermal treatments are also possible with nanomaterials, as specially prepared particles can heat up and destroy cancer cells when exposed to light [6]. Moreover, nanomaterials can be incorporated into implants and prosthetics for enhanced