Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• , continuing the transmission cycle [2][3]. Most diseases caused by arboviruses are zoonoses, meaning they are primarily infections of vertebrates which can occasionally trigger incidental infections in humans [3][4]. The main vectors are mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes

• humans. Among them, the Flaviviridae family includes pathogens such as dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) viruses, while Alphaviruses include the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) [39][40]. These viruses are primarily transmitted by the Ae. aegypti mosquito, which relies on humans as its main amplification hosts [2

• -in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O), or multiple emulsions (W/O/W or O/W/O) (Figure 2), depending on the preparation techniques and the choice and interaction of formulation components [34][88][89]. Nanoemulsions exhibit several advantages, making them promising systems for pharmaceutical and

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• ; superconducting neural networks; Introduction The rapid advancement of Josephson junction (JJ) logic circuits [1][2][3][4][5] and neuromorphic networks [6][7][8][9] holds transformative potential for ultra-low-power computing. However, achieving scalable integration remains a critical bottleneck, as conventional

• current flowing from the node k to the node j(h). Each current is described by the RCSJ model (Equation 2): With this approach, the current across the inductance is defined by the expression where l = L/LJ is inductance normalized to the Josephson inductance . After substituting the expressions for the

• soliton to propagate through it with minimal perturbation. (2) Close mode: The KICK acts as a terminator, blocking and destroying the incoming soliton. (3) T-mode: The KICK functions as a T-flip-flop. It possesses two stable states, and each arriving soliton toggles the cell from its current state to the

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• , new record values of fundamental figures of merit have been reported at a surprisingly rapid rate. The field is now mature for the next challenge, that is, application-ready devices. Optomechanical interaction has been proposed to enable or improve many applications [1], including accelerometers [2

• frequency, where |χ(Ωm)|2 = meff/kη2, resulting in a minimum detectable force, It is worth noting that Equation 4 clarifies a recurring misconception. Decreasing stiffness k does not necessarily reduce Fmin. Rather, it relaxes the constraint on the detector’s added noise for the force sensor to operate in

• the AFM’s suspension system is roughly 1 Hz, with a quality factor of roughly 2. Mechanical oscillation of the tip causes phase modulation of the reflected microwave pump, detected as motional sidebands in the signal spectrum. Measuring the microwave response at a sideband, the detection responsivity

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• may help to inform the design of eco-friendly adhesives for application in biomedicine, industry, and underwater engineering [2][3]. Mussel adhesive proteins are the most extensively studied of marine bioadhesives. Mussels anchor to submerged surfaces using a byssus, a bundle of proteinaceous threads

• modifications in recombinant protein expression systems [9]. Cell-Tak™ is a commercial mixture of mussel foot proteins Mfp-1 and Mfp-2 from Mytilus edulis [10] but purification of Mfp-based adhesives necessitates harvesting and chemical processing of large quantities of mussels, raising ecological and

• conformation and adhesion in the protein. Results Protein expression and fibril formation Co-expression of rPolcp19k-his with E. coli GroEL-GroES chaperones to improve folding was performed as described previously [21]. Purified rPolcp19k-his protein yields of 1.8 to 2 mg per litre of E. coli culture were

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• ; sustainable development; Introduction Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field of science that involves the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm in inorganic nanomaterials, to generate structures with unique physicochemical properties [1][2][3]. Among the most

• India (Figure 2). It is important to highlight that the combined number of publications from all other countries does not surpass India’s contribution to this topic. The predominance of India in the number of published articles related to the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles in dentistry can be

• biosynthetic routes; context (C): dental applications (e.g., oral microbiology, materials science, cariology, periodontology, endodontics). Thus, we used a combination of Boolean expressions that correspond to the PCC (Table 2). Eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria were original research articles evaluating

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• projected to rise to 33,000 million tonnes by 2050 [1]. However, despite this significant increase in production, the global recycling rate remaines low at approximately 9% since 1950, resulting in the accumulation of plastic waste in ecological and environmental systems [2][3]. The issues of microplastics

• modified to interact with different polymer compositions of MPs, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). The main mechanisms of MP removal depend on their structural and chemical properties, as shown in Figure 2 [50][51][52]. Many studies have been conducted to clarify the

• ]. Recently, Yan et al. developed a reduced graphene oxide (S-rGO) membrane with small lateral size and a rejection rate of up to 99.9% while maintaining high water permeability (236.2 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) [56]. As another type of material belonging to carbon-based adsorbents, CNTs have also gained attention

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• , with an alarming 700,000 to 1 million new cases reported annually [1][2][3]. It is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania spp., and transmitted through the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. During its life cycle, the parasite exhibits two main morphological forms: the

• IC50 values of 289.7 µg/mL at 24 hours and 127.7 µg/mL at 48 hours. In contrast, free-PHYT showed IC50 values of 480.5 µg/mL and 713.5 µg/mL at 24 and 48 hours, respectively (Table 2, Figure 4). After 48 hours, the PHYT-NE treatment resulted in approximately 75% of parasite death – nearly double the

• HS7) at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C. Following the complete addition of the AP, the mixtures were stirred for an additional 30 min to ensure homogeneity. The AP consisted of purified water and poloxamer 407 (POL), as a stabilizing agent, while the OP was composed of soybean oil (SO), glycerin, as a co

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• gradients), and mechanical (e.g., pressure variations) stimuli [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. These responses are directly connected with electronic and transport properties, which in turn depend on the equilibrium between emission and absorption of

• phonons, and gain and loss of energy of carriers [1][2][10][17][24][25][26][27][28]. The phonon lifetime as well as the selection rules behind ph–ph and e–ph interactions determine the efficiency of such phonon emission and absorption [1][2][10][17][24][25][26][27][28]. Phonons need to be in an excited

• state to be emitted or absorbed. Once they decay to their ground state, they become unavailable. This decay process is often accomplished via three-phonon processes (called the Klemens’ channel) and via four-phonon processes [1][2][3][6][7][12][13][16][24]. It is widely known that pressure (P)- and

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• ceramics are lead-based, which can cause serious environmental damage if such compounds are widely used [2]. Among the new alternatives found in recent years is a group of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), whose piezoelectric properties were not previously known and systematically studied. Natural and

• organically modified Ni/Co-LDH nanosheets. However, some concerns arise regarding whether the synthesized material reported by the authors can indeed be classified as a Ni/Co-LDH. First, the synthesis was carried out using salts of divalent nickel and divalent cobalt at a Ni/Co ratio of 1:2. In the absence of

• instead arise from triboelectric, electrochemical, or mechanochemical contributions. (2) Confusion of mechanisms: Different studies attribute performance improvements either to symmetry breaking (ultrathin LDH, loss of inversion centers, piezoelectrical properties), to defects (oxygen vacancies and

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• , sensory, and photocatalytic properties of graphene oxide (GO) and polyimide (PI). Implantations were carried out with fluences ranging from 3.75 × 1012 cm−2 to 1 × 1016 cm−2. Silver ions offer excellent electrical, catalytic, and plasmonic characteristics, making them ideal for multifunctional enhancement

• properties of the modified materials. In our previous studies, light ions such as Cu [1][2] and C [3] were implanted into GO, PI, and other polymers. In contrast, the implantation of heavier ions like Ag interacts with the target material through different mechanisms. Owing to its higher mass, Ag has a

• composition of GO and PI foils, pristine as well as implanted with Ag ions with low (20 keV) and medium (1.5 MeV) energies, was analyzed by RBS and ERDA spectroscopic methods and the resulting spectra can be seen in the Figure 2. The details are summarized in Table 2. One can see that the 20 keV Ag ion

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• (GIT), such as mucus and the intestinal epithelium [2][3]. The complex biochemical environment includes pH variations (ranging from 1 to 2.5 in the stomach to 7 to 8 in the colon), metabolizing enzymes (such as pepsin, lipase, peptidase, and amylases), and surfactants like bile salts and those produced

• bioavailability enhancement are discussed. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation for employing polymers as nanocarriers in oral drug delivery. 2 Polymeric nanoparticles: a viable option for oral administration The biocompatibility and biodegradability of polymers have

• applications requiring materials approved by regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [29][30][39][40]. Given this context, PNs produced using preformed polymers have emerged as a technically and therapeutically advantageous option. Table 2 provides an updated overview of the most

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• habits, while obesity and long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [1] are key factors leading to the occurrence of the latter. In EC, the activation or regulation of pathways such as integrin β1/MAPK/ERK/AP-1 pathway [2], SPP1/FAK/Erk pathway [3], EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6 pathway [4], HER2/PI3K/AKT

• , targeted agents targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor can also overcome the limitations of the high incidence of adverse events in traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy models [19]. However

• drug loading and release efficiency with nanomaterials as carriers, significantly optimizing the treatment mode of EC. 2 Searching core literature In order to better summarize the application of aptamers in the diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery of EC, we searched for keywords in the PubMed and

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• insufficient tear production [1]. This condition can cause ocular discomfort, impair visual function, and promote inflammatory processes on the ocular surface, which could result in chronic complications and vision loss [2][3]. DED affects approximately 11.6% of the global population [4], with this prevalence

• conducted to determine (1) the appropriate amounts of surfactant in the pre-emulsions, (2) the nanoformulation prepared in an ophthalmic vehicle (OV), and (3) its stabilization with a co-surfactant. The formulations prepared in the OV were sterilized using a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane filter (0.22 μm

• for 5 min. Then, the system underwent further homogenization with a Q125 Sonicator (QSonica, USA), using the 4435 probe (QSonica, USA) for 15 min (three cycles of 5 min each), at 100% amplitude, with pulses of 10 s on and 2 s off. Ophthalmic nanoformulation The OV was initially prepared by dissolving

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• technical applications [1][2][3][4]. Of particular interest are, for example, Banksia seed pods [5][6], Hakea fruits [7][8], and scales of pine cones [9][10][11][12], which passively respond to changes in ambient relative humidity by shape morphing to facilitate seed dispersal. In the case of pine cones

• abstraction levels of a pine cone scale cross-sectional geometry incorporating the DVC-estimated hygroscopic expansion coefficients. This will answer the questions of (1) whether an intra-tissue gradient of the hygroscopic strain can be observed, (2) whether this measured hygroscopic strain can be used in a

• the abaxial epidermis, (2) the brown tissue, and (3) the sclerenchyma fibers (Figure 1). Each scale was first saturated with water to facilitate subsequent separation with a razor blade. Saturating the scales with water prior to the sorption experiments prevents measuring a biased scanning isotherm

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• transmission also played a crucial role [2]. The technical development of APXPS was driven forward in particular by groups at BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) and ALS (Berkeley, US) [3][4]. Today, APXPS is a consolidated technique, and instruments are widely available both in synchrotron radiation facilities and in

• configuration of the O2H radical could drive the selectivity for 2e− vs 4e− pathway ORR. The APXPS measurements revealed distinct changes in the Co 2p and O 1s core levels consistent with the formation of this reactive intermediate. Figure 2 shows spectroscopic evidence for the O2H–H2O/Co complex, highlighting

• and allows the CO to intercalate and then oxidize. Rather than studying the reaction below 2D materials, Scardamaglia et al. investigated graphene and hBN as protective layers for copper metal surfaces in a reactive environment [31]. In operando experiments with a linear temperature ramp in 2 mbar O2

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• Ising chain. From a purely theoretical point of view, this model arises when studying the physics of open systems [1][2]. In this case, the chain is modelling the external environment to which the single spin is connected. In such models, it is convenient to study not only Markovian dynamics of the

• the Hamiltonian Hchain + Hint. By introducing collective spin operators the Hamiltonian is brought in the following form [14][15]: Here, S = N/2 is the total spin of the chain. This is a well-known Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick (LMG) Hamiltonian which we will further denote as HLMG = Hchain + Hint. The total

• Hamiltonian now can be written as a 2 × 2 block matrix in the single-spin Hilbert space: Here are the Hamiltonians HLMG corresponding to eigenvalues ±1 of τz. These types of Hamiltonians are the Hamiltonians of the generalized Rabi models. These describe a two-level system connected not to a single bosonic

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• , which have the ability to invade neighboring tissues and to metastasize to distant organs [1] (Figure 1). This pathology results from accumulated genetic alterations in proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair-related genes [2]. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer

•  2 shows the guidelines used for searching and screening the patents in this review, based on the PRISMA methodology. Results and Discussion Researching and screening of selected patents Based on the review criteria, the 17 selected patents were initially classified by their year of publication

• membrane potential investigation using 2 μg·mL−1 of NPs for 12 h determined that the formulation induced early apoptosis in the targeted cells [70]. Patent CN111202719 (2020) utilized a nanosystem containing ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, paclitaxel, curcumin, camptothecin, and polyvinyl alcohol as APIs

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• tropical and subtropical regions, due to the high incidence and/or severity of cases, especially for children and elders, and difficulty of management by public health services [1][2][3][4]. In Brazil, although 22 species of the scorpion genus Tityus have been described in the country, Tityus serrulatus is

• a Brazilian scorpion species with great medical significance [2][5], responsible for the highest number of accidents and also the most severe ones [6][7]. Scorpion toxins represent a vast collection (≈100,000) of pharmacologically relevant peptide toxins that have provided an important foundation

• only the proteins that were not incorporated in the nanoparticles will migrate through the gel. The T. serrulatus venom (Tsv) protein presented a molecular mass range of approximately 2 to 66.4 kDa. Comparing the electrophoretic profiles of T. serrulatus venom protein-loaded PLA nanoparticles at 0.5

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• classified based on size, origin, and polymeric composition [2]. Morphologically, MPs appear as foam, beads, sheets, fragments, and fibres, with fibres being the most prevalent type, often originating from wastewater discharged by the textile industry. Based on their origin, MPs are divided into two groups

• sources [18]. Figure 2 represents the different sources of MPs. The marine environment is considered as the primary sink of MPs. MPs that are generated on land are eventually transported by various modes, including surface runoff and streams, and find their way to ocean. In oceans, these particles with

• pollutants adsorbed on its surface. In Fenton and Fenton-like processes, hydroxyl (•OH) radicals are formed when hydrogen peroxide reacts with a metallic active phase, such as Fe2+, facilitating the oxidation and breakdown of contaminants [58]. Table 2 depicts the advantages and limitations of various

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• crucial importance to withstand severe conditions, prevent damage, and maintain their functionality [1]. Furthermore, damage control mechanisms can be used to enable the targeted and economical use of resources and the recyclability of individual parts or the entire materials system [2]. In addition to

• compartments (∼2 g each) to create either a linear gradient (Figure 2C,D) or a bidirectional gradient (Figure 2E,F) with respect to the glass fiber content of the PP. For the bidirectional gradient, the glass fiber content (PP/PPGF of 0/100) was highest in the middle compartment and decreased towards the

• could be cut out of the laminate in the width. Figure 2 provides an overview of the tensile specimen designs and their respective fiber content distribution and dimensions. Furthermore, two 2D metamaterials with triangular unit cell configurations were laser cut from the hot-pressed laminates of graded

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• systems of linear equations, and analyzing heat conduction equations [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The basis for the physical implementation of these computations is a quantum processor consisting of computational cells called qudits, whose states can be represented with satisfactory accuracy in the form of a

• decomposition into n basis states. Today, the main focus is on processors based on qubits (a special case of qudits with n = 2) on a superconducting, ionic, or other platform. However, it is still not easy to create the necessary number of qubits and control channels to implement really useful quantum

• lifetime of this artificial atom; in a recent work [29] “coherence” times of T1 = 64–13 μs, Ramsey periods of T2R = 85–16 μs, and Hahn echo times T2E = 93–22 μs for levels of n = 2–10, respectively, have been achieved. It should be noticed that the spectrum of eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian of a real

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• additives, and veterinary drugs [1][2]. Ofloxacin (OFL) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used in clinical treatments for various bacterial infections [3]. After administration, OFL is not fully metabolized and is primarily excreted through urine, leading to its presence in wastewater

• 200 ppm, utilizing carbon cloth coated with nanowires with a nominal area of 5 cm × 10 cm in a Pyrex reactor. A UV lamp with a power of 18 W was positioned 5.5 cm above the fluid to provide irradiation. The average UV intensity at the solution level was approximately 5.0 mW·cm−2, measured using an

• photodegradation ratio of OFL was determined using Equation 2: where, cads represents the concentration of OFL after the dark adsorption (ppm), while ct denotes the concentration of OFL at time t during the photodegradation (ppm). The reaction rate constant (k) of the OFL degradation was assessed using the pseudo

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• thin films and the formation of Neel domain walls. Keywords: ferromagnetic properties; LAMMPS; mathematical modeling; MEAM; molecular dynamics; spin dynamics; Introduction Thin film structures [1][2] are increasingly employed each year in a wide range of applications, serving as functional [3][4

• for integration steps dt = 0.1–10.0 fs were plotted. These graphs are selectively illustrated in Figure 2. For the other integration steps, the dependences have similar behavior. The dotted line in Figure 2 shows the average values of energy and magnetization modulus for an integration step of 0.1 fs

• . For simplicity in comparing the results with previously known data of other authors, the magnetic energy and magnetization modulus analyzed in this work were normalized with respect to the total number of atoms in the system. Analysis of the plots in Figure 2 shows that small integration steps are

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• oceans [1][2][3]. This shift in perspective has catalyzed interest in materials whose functional lifespans can be precisely programmed and that are capable of safely degrading under biological or environmental conditions following their use. Although this need has become more prominent in recent

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• the nanometer range and different morphologies is continuously growing. One aspect of current studies is further improvement of the properties and performance of the developed silicon-based devices. As a result, crystalline films based on silicon [1][2] as well as nano-sized silicon materials have

• the SEM analysis (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5d). The resulting fluence on the target was estimated to be 118.4 J·cm−2. A Bessel beam pattern was generated using a glass axicon with a base angle α = 7°, which was irradiated with a collimated Gaussian beam of a Nd:YAG laser. A Bessel zone

• peak fluence in the central lobe can be calculated as [31][32]: where Ein is the incident Gaussian pulse energy (80 mJ per pulse) and ω0 is e−2 radius of the incident Gaussian beam (3 mm). Following these calculations, the fluence was calculated to be 84.9 J·cm−2. Morphology, phase composition, and