Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• structures on their feet [1][2]. This bioadhesion mechanism has been studied extensively, especially for biomimetic adhesive applications [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Understanding these interactions presents a formidable challenge in biophysics and materials science due to the extremely small length and time

• multiscale model, there were 16 bridging domains (BDs), one for each spatula. Each BD needed to be of a size that could be described by both (MD and FEM) methods. The FE portion of each BD was roughly 79 × 75 × 50 nm3 in size, and the overlapping MD portion was roughly 40 × 36 × 39 nm3 (Figure 7). The number

• springs with stiffness (FE-coupling spring constant) 0.08 nN/nm. Figure 7 illustrates a typical BD configuration, showing the overlapping domains, anchor points, and harmonic spring connections. Simulation Details and Parameters Iteration details Molecular dynamics We used the velocity-Verlet algorithm

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• , chiral materials are crucial in asymmetric synthesis, where the selective production of a desired enantiomer is needed, particularly in pharmaceuticals [7]. Chiral metal-organic frameworks [8] and nanoporous materials [9][10] are emerging as vital components in enantioselective catalysis due to their

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• advancements in the controlled release of diverse bioactive compounds [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Among the various nanostructured platforms explored for these purposes, nanofibers have gained attention due to their high surface area, adjustable porosity, and robust mechanical properties, which set them apart from

• profile can be modulated, and the initial burst release minimized [7]. Beyond drug delivery, an ideal biomedical scaffold should support cellular attachment while providing effective drug release; balancing these functions is crucial for promoting tissue formation. Achieving this balance in electrospun

• -FTIR analysis was performed on PLA (monolithic), HA/PLA, and HA+NE2/PLA nanofiber samples, along with pure HA powder. The obtained spectra (Figure 7) confirmed effective shell coating, as only the characteristic bands of PLA were detected in the core–shell nanofibers. All three nanofiber membranes (NF

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• tube-dwelling worms that build their tube using a specialized building organ located near the mouth. The two finger-like lobes of this organ allow them to manipulate sand grains or shell fragments and to glue them together with several spots of a strong proteinaceous cement [6][7][8][9]. The building

• sequences from P. californica proteins were used as queries for BLAST searches in the transcriptome of S. alveolata to identify new adhesive proteins. However, as previous studies have shown, limited percentages of identity in the alignment of these proteins made it difficult to find homologues [7][31

• . alveolata definitively confirms the presence of two types of cement cells in S. alveolata, namely, cement cells containing homogeneous granules and those containing heterogeneous granules (Figure 7). These cells are located in the three parathoracic segments, around the digestive tract and at the base of

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• . Combining both top-down and bottom-up strategies, laser-assisted methods are demonstrating the prospects to become a versatile nanoscale manufacturing strategy based on clean, sustainable, and large-scale approach applicable to a broad range of nanomaterials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The current

• closer to the target surface. It is typically accepted that release of NPs from the cavitation bubble into a liquid occurs during later stages of cavitation bubble collapse. The latest reports by Dell’Aglio et al. [7], however, demonstrate that particle ejection into a liquid occurs mainly in two steps

• : in the beginning of the bubble expansion stage, and in the period between bubble collapse and rebound [7]. The major part of the ejected material is released during the second stage of cavitation bubble collapse. The charging of NPs has an impact at this stage, changing the electrostatic pressure

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• of the overall structure. Analytical models for interpreting the vibrational modes of cantilevers were developed prior to the invention of the technique [7][8]. This model or variations of it are often presented in manuscripts to explain the interpretation of experimental data, but are not used to

• quantitative measurements from the frequency of the AFM cantilever’s bending mode. In this manuscript, we bring together the analytical models that describe cantilever oscillations in AFM experiments where a tip is oscillated and pressed into contact with a solid surface [7][8] with the spectral analysis of

• models originating from the work by Rabe et al. [7], and are schematically shown in Figure 1a(i) and Figure 1a(ii). More advanced models that include the tilt angle of the cantilever relative to the surface [23], to better reflect the typical 12.5° or 22.5° angles of the cantilever relative to the

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.135 Abstract The development of modern metal deposition techniques like focused ion/electron beam-induced deposition (FIBID/FEBID) relies heavily on the availability of metal-organic precursors of particular properties. To

• or ion beam-induced deposition (FEBID/FIBID) allows for the precise fabrication of two- and three-dimensional nanostructures with well-defined shapes and dimensions ranging from 5 to 10 nm [1][5][6][7][8][9][10]. This high spatial resolution is achieved by precisely controlling the position and

• technique, which is a high-resolution analytical method that can provide elemental information at the nanoscale. This step ensures precise identification and quantification of all elements present in the grown structures. (7) The final step involves examining the chemical composition of the resulted

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• devices are manufactured on their basis [1][2][3]. These extend from cryogenic thermometers [4][5][6] and electron coolers [7][8][9][10] to various detectors such as Andreev bolometers [11][12][13], cold electron bolometers [14][15], superconductor–insulator–normal metal–insulator–superconductor (SINIS

• thermometers is the ratio of the resistance at zero bias to the asymptotic one (Equation 7): obtained from the general relation in Equation 3. For I(V) = I0exp[(eV − Δ)/kTe] the temperature sensitivity at low bias current can be approximated as dV/dTe = (k/e)ln(I/I0) ≈ −VΔ/Te. To reduce the influence of

• measurements with a room-temperature JFET readout system and can be improved by upgrading the readout electronics). As an example, some measured characteristics of the SINIS detectors are given in Figure 7. The amplifier voltage noise is 20 nV·Hz−1/2, the optimal input impedance for this amplifier is 500 kΩ

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• strategies in LNP-based drug delivery systems, approaches are being explored. These include integrating functional groups into PEG lipids for ligand conjugation and improved cell-specific targeting, as well as developing PEG alternatives to mitigate anti-PEG antibody associated immunogenicity [7][8]. This

• molar ratio of 50:10:38.5:1.5, SANS analysis revealed a core–shell architecture with an average particle diameter of approximately 75 nm and a LNP shell thickness of 5 to 7 nm. Quantitative modeling of shell composition further demonstrated that the DMPE-PEG2k lipid accounted for 3.0 ± 0.5% of the shell

• volume, alongside 38 ± 7% MC3, 33 ± 3% cholesterol, and 26 ± 4% DSPC. Notably, PEG lipids were found exclusively in the shell region, with no detectable presence in the core area [10]. This localization of PEG lipids aligns with their intended function to form a sterically repulsive layer that stabilizes

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• vector competence [5][6]. However, Ae. albopictus has been reported as the main or even the sole vector responsible for arbovirus transmission in certain regions of the world, demonstrating significant epidemiological relevance under specific ecological conditions [7]. Therefore, these arthropods play a

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• ; superconducting neural networks; Introduction The rapid advancement of Josephson junction (JJ) logic circuits [1][2][3][4][5] and neuromorphic networks [6][7][8][9] holds transformative potential for ultra-low-power computing. However, achieving scalable integration remains a critical bottleneck, as conventional

• , which can be represented in matrix form: The resulting system of N ordinary differential equations is expressed in the matrix form shown in Equation 7. In this equation, is the vector of nodal phases, N is the total number of non-ground nodes, and is the N × N mass matrix (also known as the

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• ], tests of quantum gravity [3][4][5], force microscopy [6][7][8], magnetometry [9][10], and quantum state transfer [11][12][13]. In some cases, further improvement on fundamental figures of merit is required, while, in other cases, the difficulty lies in balancing trade-offs to find an optimal design that

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• bond formation, metal chelation, and covalent interactions [6]. The byssal threads display a mechanical gradient, with regions proximal to the animal more elastic and distal regions stiffer and tougher [7]. This design allows for effective dissipation of hydrodynamic forces and maintains attachment of

• the threads under wave-induced stress, thereby allowing the byssus to function as both an adhesive and a shock-absorbing tether [7]. Mussel adhesives are difficult to re-create either synthetically or recombinantly [8], the latter due largely to difficulties associated with post-translational

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• energy consumption, and hazardous reducing agents; also, they result in environmental waste, in addition to producing nanoparticles that may be toxic and poorly biocompatible [3][7]. Given the limitations of conventional synthesis methods, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a sustainable

• (Figure 3). This increase may be primarily related to the recent pursuit of sustainable and biocompatible methods. Plants, metals, and methods used in green synthesis The predominance of plant families such as Lamiaceae (n = 15), Fabaceae (n = 12), Myrtaceae (n = 8), Asteraceae (n = 7), and Zingiberaceae

• absent in 16.2% (n = 14) of the works, while 9.5% (n = 8) did not replicate their experiments. Limitations also included restricted animal modeling (8.1%; n = 7) and absence of long-term effect assessments (8.1%; n = 7). Altogether, these findings indicate that while green-synthesized nanoparticles hold

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [4][5][6]. These adsorbed contaminants can bioaccumulate through the food chain and move from marine organisms to human food [7]. In water supply systems, MPs with adsorbed toxins pose significant risks without being

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• the cutaneous to the mucocutaneous form [6], particularly involving the nasal septum and ears) resulting in scarring, anatomical disfigurement, and consequent social stigmatization [7][8][9]. Current therapeutic strategies for leishmaniasis rely on pentavalent antimonial compounds (first-line therapy

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• gradients), and mechanical (e.g., pressure variations) stimuli [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. These responses are directly connected with electronic and transport properties, which in turn depend on the equilibrium between emission and absorption of

• state to be emitted or absorbed. Once they decay to their ground state, they become unavailable. This decay process is often accomplished via three-phonon processes (called the Klemens’ channel) and via four-phonon processes [1][2][3][6][7][12][13][16][24]. It is widely known that pressure (P)- and

• temperature (T)-dependent phenomena are ruled by anharmonic ph–ph interactions, which are also driven by three- and four-phonon processes, and by e–ph interactions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Therefore, phonon assignments in

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• authors’ claims have been excluded from the table and the figure but left in the text. A Ni/Fe-LDH piezoelectric nanogenerator was used to charge an asymmetric supercapacitor made from the as-prepared Ni/Fe-LDH and biomass-derived activated carbon as the positive and negative electrode [7]. The Ni/Fe-LDH

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• controlled modification of the electrical properties of dielectric and semiconducting materials [7]. When Ag ions are implanted into polymer substrates, such as polyimide (PI) or graphene oxide (GO), fundamental changes occur at the molecular and electronic levels, leading to a significant decrease in the

• −2, it increases by 7 atom %. More pronounced changes in atomic concentration are evident for GO implanted with Ag ions with an energy of 1.5 MeV. There is an obvious gradient where the atomic concentration of carbon increases slightly with increasing ion fluence to 71 atom % for an ion fluence of 1

• Raman spectra of graphene oxide usually show three distinct peaks, a D peak, which lies at a wavenumber of 1344 cm−1, a G peak at a wavenumber of 1591 cm−1, and a 2D band which beginning at a wavenumber of 2356 cm−1 [6]. The Raman spectrum in Figure 7 has been normalized to the G peak. According to

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• (GIT), such as mucus and the intestinal epithelium [2][3]. The complex biochemical environment includes pH variations (ranging from 1 to 2.5 in the stomach to 7 to 8 in the colon), metabolizing enzymes (such as pepsin, lipase, peptidase, and amylases), and surfactants like bile salts and those produced

• the mucus layer which acts as a barrier that must be overcome in the oral administration of drugs [7]. Another intrinsic physical barrier of the GIT is the intestinal epithelium (Figure 1), which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells, including enterocytes and secretory cells. Drug passage

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• subtle, frequently escaping clinical detection. Definitive diagnosis typically requires upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to identify potential early neoplastic changes [7][8]. Barrett’s esophagus is generally considered to be a precancerous lesion of EAC [9][10], while esophageal intraepithelial

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• as rapid elimination by the precorneal layer and low retention of the ocular surface [7]. As a result, topical administration remains the primary treatment method despite its drawbacks, such as low bioavailability and the need for frequent applications [8][9]. Studies show that only a tiny fraction

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• technical applications [1][2][3][4]. Of particular interest are, for example, Banksia seed pods [5][6], Hakea fruits [7][8], and scales of pine cones [9][10][11][12], which passively respond to changes in ambient relative humidity by shape morphing to facilitate seed dispersal. In the case of pine cones

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• university laboratories [5]. MAX IV Laboratory in Lund is a Swedish national laboratory inaugurated in 2016; it was the first fourth-generation synchrotron light source worldwide [6][7]. The accelerator complex comprises a linear accelerator as well as a 1.5 GeV and a 3 GeV storage ring for electrons. MAX IV

• ), averaging over 720,000 pulses. One measured spectrum is sorted into the 2D image shown in Figure 7 by using the time difference between the pump signal and the probing signal. The 2D image averages over 720,000 gas pulses. Using the O 1s and N 1s core levels (Figure 7A–D), it is possible to follow both the

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• the Markovian approximation, and also the correct way of introducing the Lindblad dissipation operators. These problems remain important in the general field of open quantum systems, extending beyond spin models [7][8][9]. One of the practical applications is modelling of certain quantum computing