Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• ionizable lipids or pH-sensitive polymers, have also been investigated. While promising, these methods face significant hurdles, including toxicity, instability under physiological conditions, reduced drug loading capacity, and complex synthesis processes that hinder widespread adoption [7][8]. Given the

• assessed the area per lipid (APL) in Figure 7. It provides critical insights into the effects of OLA and AUR on the lipid packing density within the POPC/POPG bilayer over the 200 ns simulation period. In the control system, the APL values for POPC and POPG remain relatively stable, with mean values of

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• . The former is tightly linked the surface of the NPs and is stable when isolating the NPs, which allows for determining its protein composition [4][5][6][7]. In contrast, the components of the soft corona are weakly bonded to the underlying hard one and are easily separated by the slightest force. The

• photomodification to obtain NPs bearing a full protein corona on the lipid surface, the proteins of which could be identified by mass analysis [23]. Hossein Mohammad-Beigi and colleagues published another approach in 2020 [7]. They used methods of click chemistry to fix proteins on the surface of silica and

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• optical properties [1][2][3][4]. Hf and its alloys are used in nuclear reactors because of their large neutron absorption cross sections and high melting points [5]. They are also used in submarines because of their corrosion resistance [6][7]. The high refractoriness of some Hf compounds [2][4] allows

• carbides. For a given Hf target (regarding purity and surface roughness), the ablation products depend critically on the surrounding liquid, input pulse duration, input pulse energy, and the number of pulses incident on the sample. Figure 7 illustrates the EDX data for the particles synthesised in DW

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• –metal devices exhibiting blue and white electroluminescence [7][8]. It was found that these films exhibit photoconductive and photoelectric effects suitable for electroluminescence and photovoltaics applications [9][10], as well as for other applications such as solar cells and anodes for Li batteries

• equations; for an incompressible flow, ρ = constant. The continuity equation in the general form is expressed by Equation 7, the momentum equation in the general form is given by Equation 8, and the transfer of heat in fluids is described by Equation 9: where u is the velocity vector (m·s−1), ρ is the

• deposition area to two inches. The previously reported ANSYS velocity profile is in very good agreement with that obtained in COMSOL, which is shown in Figure 7a. Both profiles in Figure 7 describe the laminar flow of the gas in zone 2 and the formation of a turbulent flow at the diffuser due to the

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• therapeutical characteristics as demonstrated in Figure 1-1. In the field of drug delivery, properties such as size, surface-to-volume ratio, and biocompatibility have driven the development of nanoscale-based devices [6][7][8][9]. Nanocompounds offer a strategic approach to addressing or at least improving the

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• hydrophilic, three-dimensional (3D), polymeric networks able to absorb huge amounts of water [1][2][3]. This term refers perfectly to the mucilage envelope produced by many fruits and seeds (diaspores) of diverse plant taxa [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Mucilage is considered as a natural hydrogel and shares specific

• its composition [14][15][16]. The nanoscale level of the spatial organisation of mucilage observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the complexity of the mucilage with special features, such as 3D organisation of polysaccharides in a net-like structure [7][13]. In the last years, the

• hydration [8][22][38]. Mucilage, which is produced by the mucilaginous cells of diaspores in a form of densely packed layers, has the ability of loosening its structure after hydration into an easily accessible 3D fibrillar network [7][13][14][39] (Figure 3 and Figure 4 below). One of the key components of

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• , biochemistry, biophysics, and other disciplines within biology and medicine [1][2][3][4][5]. The development of nanotechnology has provided resources for various applications in the medical field, leading to significant advances in diagnosis, biological detection, therapy, and drug delivery [6][7][8][9]. An

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• structure and imparts functional attributes such as metal ion chelation and catalytic enhancement. These features make ʟ-carnosine-capped AgNPs an ideal candidate for environmental applications. It was also reported that pristine AgNPs significantly interact with ʟ-carnosine [7]. Traditional methods for

• pristine silver nanospheres upon interaction. The appearance of the redshifted peak might be due to charge transfer or aggregation [7]. An increased nanoparticle size leads to a further redshift of the plasmonic peak [26]. Hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and morphology of the ʟ-car-AgNPs are shown in

• stretching frequency at ca. 3243 cm−1 overlaps with the broad OH peak of H2O. The imidazole (C=C) stretching and carboxylate (COO−) asymmetric stretching frequencies are observed at 1568 and 1404 cm−1, respectively [7]. However, in the case of ʟ-car-AgNPs, the peak at 3243 cm−1 disappeared, which might be

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• the presence of the vector, approaches for the control of arthropod-borne diseases involve strategies focused on the vector. These may include the application of synthetic insecticides or the implementation of treatments targeted at patients [7][8]. An emerging strategy for controlling arboviral

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• examples observed in some organisms, scientists are committed to unraveling the mechanisms underlying the development of ultrablack technical surfaces, seeking to replicate such structures in synthetic and natural materials with equivalent properties [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Ultrablack colors are a rare

• between the cuticular protrusions and the underlying layer with presumable absorptive properties (Figure 6). This process increases the path length through lamellae, leading to more efficient absorption, as evidenced by CLSM images of the target species (Figure 7). Thermal imaging results indicate that T

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• use of in silico methods allows for the identification of potential hazardous effects caused by NMs’ interactions with biological systems with a simultaneous decrease of workload, cost, research duration, and use of laboratory animals. Several computational approaches [7][8][9] and predictive models

• proposed by Golbraikh and Tropsha [57][58] (Equations 7–11, including , Equation 6) on the test set. According to Golbraikh and Tropsha [57][59][60] a regression model is considered predictive if all of the conditions presented in Table 2 are satisfied. where N is the number of samples, yi and are the

• were added to the subset of the selected descriptors. All analysis steps were performed in Isalos Analytics Platform [63]. Model development and validation The kNN algorithm with a value of k = 7 was selected to perform a read-across assessment of the dataset. Similarly to the preprocessing steps

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• developed to detect ENR, including microbiological methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [6], chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), chromatography (HPLC, UPLC), [3][7][8], flow immunochromatographic assays [9], and fluorescence measurements [10]. However, these methods have high

• electrochemical detection ability than pristine MOFs. For example, Wang et al. developed a MOF/TiO2 composite to quantify chlorogenic acid in a range from 0.01 to 1.00 μM with a low LOD of 7 nM [30]. Utilizing carbon-based materials can provide not only enhanced electron transfer but also catalytic functions for

• the MOFs. A sensor for simultaneously detecting hydroquinone and catechol in water using a Cu-MOF–graphene composite was developed by Li and colleagues. Measurement ranges beginning at 1.0 × 10−6 and 1.0 × 10−3 M were achieved, with LODs of 5.9 × 10−7 M and 3.3 × 10−7 M for hydroquinone and catechol

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• materials research by extracting valuable patterns and correlations from vast amounts of experimental and computational data [6][7][8][9]. These approaches enable researchers to uncover hidden relationships between composition, structure, morphology, processing, and properties, accelerating the discovery of

• technologies and advanced algorithms, researchers can automate different aspects of the materials modelling process, from data generation to model selection and parameter optimization [7][40][41]. Furthermore, automation enables the integration of experimental data with computational models, facilitating the

• relatively low throughput of multiscale modelling approaches in current scenarios. In recent years, however, we have begun to witness the success of AI and ML for materials development [7][13]. This is particularly evident, for example, in the application of AI-related methods for the prediction of structure

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• compounds, and antimicrobials, offering a natural and multifaceted arsenal for combating a wide array of diseases [6][7][8]. Despite their promising bioactivities, the clinical application of phytochemicals is often limited by several inherent drawbacks such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability

• short half-life. Additionally, CUR is photosensitive and has limited chemical stability during manufacturing and storage [80][81]. To overcome these limitations, Kumar et al. developed CUR-encapsulated PLHNPs and evaluated their anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells [82]. The developed CUR-PLHNPs

• . Cell cycle analysis and apoptotic studies by flow cytometry revealed much higher apoptotic activity and cellular internalization of CUR-PLHNPs in MCF-7 cells compared to free CUR. Further, the CUR-PLHNPs showed a significantly lower IC50 value (i.e., 7 µg/mL) than free CUR (10.72 µg/mL). Zhao et al

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• transformations (phase-to-phase transitions) [5][6][7][8]. Despite the interest in these materials, the behavior of nanoparticles under irradiation and their peculiarities are not yet completely understood. One of the important issues is the influence of vacancy saturation on phase changes and phase stability. A

• . Disorder can arise from the recombination of these defects [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In metals, for instance, the equilibrium concentration of thermal vacancies, even at high pre-melting temperatures, reaches values of only about 0.1% [10][11]. Therefore, in the following, we will focus on radiation

• HDCMs demonstrate greater stability compared to nanocrystalline pure materials. For example, nanocrystalline NiFe alloys can withstand a much higher radiation dose, twice that of nanocrystalline Ni, and are more stable under prolonged irradiation compared to nanocrystalline elemental Ni [7

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• geometrical structures of graphene obtained from its half and full hydrogenation are called, respectively, graphone [6] and graphane [7]. Zhao et al. have reported the successful synthesis of graphone on a Ni(111) surface [8]. Their X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD), temperature programmed desorption (TPD

• with a maximum bandgap of 2.10 eV at 7% strain. At this level, an elongation of 9.94% is found in d1 with a buckling height of 1.90 Å as shown in Figure S6 (Supporting Information File 1). Moreover, we also observed a transition from an indirect to a direct bandgap with a change in strain values

• beyond −1%, the bandgap increases and reaches a stable value of 2.31 eV within a negative strain range of −5% to −7%. However, beyond the −7% strain level, a continuous reduction is observed in the bandgap, which continues up to −16% strain. At this level, the bandgap becomes 0.7 eV, signifying the

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• , deposition strategies in various applications, such as circuit editing and lithographic mask repair in the semiconductor industry [7][8][9][10][11][12] as well as the growth of functional materials for magnetism [13][14][15][16], superconductivity [17], and sensing [18][19]. Compared to FEBID, FIBID operates

• ). (Left) Mass spectra of the desorption products observed during ion beam irradiation of Pt(13CO)2Cl2. The film was irradiated with a 3.0 kV Ar+ beam at a flux of 100 nA. The bottom panel indicates the gas composition of the UHV chamber with 1.5 × 10−7 Torr Ar prior to irradiation (the peaks at m/z 40 and

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• (QIP) systems. Despite the challenges such as fabrication complexity [6] and loss mitigation scalability to complex circuits [7], the potential benefits of DBRs for QIP applications continue to drive research and development in this field [8]. As fabrication techniques and material systems develop

• media, the two equations can be combined to give: In the 1D case, this can be reduced to Equation 7: where k0 is the free space propagation constant and Equation 7 still holds for any longitudinally inhomogeneous media. The general solution to the above Helmholtz equation in this frequency domain

• derivative of phase (Equation 9): The solver solves for electric field E using Equation 6 and Equation 7 under the following boundary conditions iteratively within the error limits: Using the finite element method (FEM), the relevant partial differential equations will be solved on each discretized spatial

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• considered a challenge because of the existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB, Figure 1), which is composed of several cell types [7]. The BBB is a dynamic and selective interface between the systemic circulation and the brain [8]. The structure of the healthy BBB relies on the endothelial cells and the

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• comparison to other compounds [4][5][6]. Specifically, its large bandgap energy Eg ≈ 3.4 eV is comparable to GaN – a typical material for blue-light-emitting diode (LED) technology [7][8]. Also, its exciton binding energy is higher than the thermal energy at 300 K, and it has high-quality optical

• morphological characterizations, we performed RS spectroscopy to check the crystal structure and quality of fabricated ZnO nanostructures. Figure 7 shows RS spectra of typical samples (namely R1, P, Pi, T2, T3, M, and S labelled in the SEM images) recorded in the wavenumber range of 250–800 cm−1. All spectra

• )-E2(L), A1(TO), E1(TO), and E1(LO) processes [62], as labelled in Figure 7. Spectral features recorded from these samples are almost the same. There are no anomalous modes induced by lattice defects, structural disorders, and impurities [17][63][64]. For some nanostructures, however, there are

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• omniphobic. Keywords: biocompatibility; biomimetic; blood-contacting; hemocompatibility; non-fouling; Introduction Clot formation and the overall compatibility of artificial materials within the body remains a common complication of blood contacting surfaces [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. A critical hurdle in

• in adherent platelets on PDA–FDT–PFD compared to glass (Figure 7). This suggests that the SLIPS coating is not completely omniphobic as adherent cells are observed. Fibrin generation time was determined on BSA, glass, bare COC, and PDA–FDT–PFD. We expected to observe a longer fibrin generation time

• was no difference in platelet adhesion between PDA–FDT–PFD, COC, and glass for donor A1. However, glass exhibited significantly higher platelet adhesion than PDA–FDT–PFD and COC for donor A3 (Figure 7). Combined, these biocompatibility assays demonstrate that this formulation of a SLIPS coating is not

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• synthesized using many different materials. Natural materials have been used widely in recent studies [6][7]. The use of many plants, fruits, and different organic materials as natural carbon sources, abundant in nature, in the synthesis of CDs both reduces cost and prevents environmental pollution. These

• substrate was cut to approximately 1 cm2 in size and cleaned by washing it in acetone, methanol, and pure water for 10 min each. An ohmic contact was made with aluminum on the cleaned sample at 1 × 10−7 Torr vacuum in a PVD thermal evaporation device. Approximately 30 μL of the CDs stock solution was taken

• temperature (Figure 7). The interface between Au and CDs exhibited a nonlinear rectification behavior, indicating the formation of a Schottky diode [24]. The electrical properties of the Si/CDs/Au diode were determined using standard thermionic emission theory [25]. According to this theory, where n, IRs, V

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• depolarization fields, providing a promising platform for highly integrated devices [1][2][3]. The emergence of ferroelectricity at the atomic scale in vdW ferroelectrics has garnered significant interest because of its potential applications in various fields [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Through

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Street, 7, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.15.108 Abstract The superconducting properties of 85 nm thick hafnium thin films with a 5 nm thick titanium layer on top have been investigated for three different geometries, that is, a film covering

• the entire 7 × 7 mm2 chip surface, bridges with a width of 200 μm and length up to 1800 μm, and bridges in the form of squares with sides from 100 to 1000 μm. The bridges were formed by a photolithographic lift-off process and are intended to be used as the main sensing element of a microcalorimeter

• ongoing, and the choice of a superconductor material plays an important role here [6][7]. An increase in sensitivity can be achieved by lowering the critical temperature TC below 100 mK. A known solution is two- or multilayer films of various superconductors and normal metals to suppress the transition

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• morphological and functional innovations predominantly involve the slender waist of Apocrita wasps, the stinging mechanism observed in Aculeata, parasitoidism (a specialized form of carnivorous behavior), and secondary phytophagy (a reversion to plant-based feeding) [7]. Hymenoptera are also well known as the