Simple and rapid hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol with aqueous formic acid in catalytic flow reactors

• Rahat Javaid,
• Shin-ichiro Kawasaki,
• Akira Suzuki and
• Toshishige M. Suzuki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1156–1163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.129

• 2.9 mg (5.7%), respectively. We separately co-plated Pd and Ag film on a glass surface with the same chemical composition. Then the thin film (3.5 μm) was peeled and treated with 4 M HNO3 and provided to the BET specific surface area and pore diameter measurements at 77 K by nitrogen absorption

Enhancement of efficiency in organic photovoltaic devices containing self-complementary hydrogen-bonding domains

• Rohan J. Kumar,
• Jegadesan Subbiah and
• Andrew B. Holmes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1102–1110, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.122

• peak at 782 nm. The emission maximum of a thin film of 2 is hypsochromically shifted by 31 nm to 751 nm. Cyclic voltammetry and photoelectron spectroscopy in air (PESA) were used to determine the HOMO and LUMO levels of compound 2 and these are summarized in Table 1. These values are similar to those

• one-dimensional chains is represented in Figure 6. The nanostructures formed are in the region of 85–100 nm in size and this is an order of magnitude larger than the width of two molecules (8 nm). The UV–vis absorption spectrum of a thin film of 2 shows an asymmetric hypsochromic shift of the

• materials may be a suitable approach to improve OPV device efficiencies through the enhanced self-organization of materials. N-ethylhexyl-substituted (1) [20] and target free N–H (2) cyanopyridone structures. (a) Chloroform (solid line) and thin-film (dashed line) UV–vis absorption and emission spectra and

Flow photochemistry: Old light through new windows

• Jonathan P. Knowles,
• Luke D. Elliott and
• Kevin I. Booker-Milburn

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2025–2052, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.229

• up the photolysis of a strongly absorbing chromophore. Here, a thin film of the substrate solution flows down a glass plate or tube in close proximity to the light source. The short path length leads to very efficient irradiation. The downside is that residence time is short and often the solution

Enantioselective total synthesis of (R)-(−)-complanine

• Krystal A. D. Kamanos and
• Jonathan M. Withey

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1695–1699, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.192

• ), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate, 9:1) gave undeca-5,8-diyn-1-ol (2) as a colorless oil (4.21 g, 91%): IR νmax (thin film)/cm−1 3328, 3019, 2941, 2244, 1447, 1048, 976, 788, 698; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 1.12 (3H, m, C11H3

• oil: IR νmax (thin film)/cm−1 3281, 3022, 2934, 2865, 1646, 1457, 1052, 1021, 928, 768, 694; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 0.97 (3H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, C11H3), 1.44 (2H, m, C3H2), 1.58 (2H, m, C2H2), 2.09 (4H, m, C2H2 and C3H2), 2.78 (2H, m, C7H2), 3.65 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz, C1H2), 5.28–5.44 (4H, m, C5H, C6H

• were dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate, 20:1) gave (5Z,8Z)-undeca-5,8-dienal (3) as a colorless oil (3.08 g, 86% from 2): IR νmax (thin film)/cm−1 3036, 2940, 2860, 2748, 1719, 1644, 1455, 1207, 921, 875, 841

Mannose-decorated cyclodextrin vesicles: The interplay of multivalency and surface density in lectin–carbohydrate recognition

• Ulrike Kauscher and
• Bart Jan Ravoo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1543–1551, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.175

• functionalized by self-assembly [27]. To this end, cyclodextrins are modified with long alkyl chains (“tails”) and short oligo(ethylene glycol) head groups. These macrocyclic amphiphiles form unilamellar bilayer vesicles in aqueous solution upon hydration of a thin film cast by evaporation from organic solution

Synthesis and characterization of low-molecular-weight π-conjugated polymers covered by persilylated β-cyclodextrin

• Aurica Farcas,
• Ana-Maria Resmerita,
• Andreea Stefanache,
• Mihaela Balan and
• Valeria Harabagiu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1505–1514, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.170

• shown) recorded in CHCl3 solution, as well as in thin film, upon excitation at the maximum absorption value (λmax = 380 nm) indicate no significant difference in the electronic absorption and emission spectra of both copolymers, consistent with previously reported results [12]. The similarity between

Synthesis of a novel chemotype via sequential metal-catalyzed cycloisomerizations

• Bo Leng,
• Stephanie Chichetti,
• Shun Su,
• Aaron B. Beeler and
• John A. Porco Jr.

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1338–1343, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.153

• (thin film) νmax: 2920, 2852, 1697, 1594, 1477, 1450, 1350, 1274, 1244, 1193, 1138, 1076, 765 cm−1. General one-pot procedure for sequential cycloisomerization: To a flame-dried round-bottom flask was added 3 (10 mg, 0.046 mmol), dimethyl malonate (5.8 μL, 0.05 mmol) and toluene (1.0 mL). To the

• , 52.7, 30.5, 26.4, 12.2; IR (thin film) νmax: 2953, 2926, 2870, 1761, 1741, 1679, 1639, 1493, 1435, 1341, 1253, 1194, 1144, 1073, 1018, 912, 774, 749 cm−1; HRMS–ESI+ (m/z): [M + Na]+ calcd for C19H20O6, 367.1158; found, 367.1189. Reaction screen with diynyl benzaldehyde 3. X-ray crystal structure of

Improved syntheses of high hole mobility phthalocyanines: A case of steric assistance in the cyclo-oligomerisation of phthalonitriles

• Daniel J. Tate,
• Rémi Anémian,
• Richard J. Bushby,
• Suwat Nanan,
• Stuart L. Warriner and
• and Benjamin J. Whitaker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 120–128, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.14

• -hexyl derivative from the values reported for the n-heptyl and n-octyl compounds [30]. Time-of-flight photoconductivity The hole mobility for compound 7c was measured in its Colh phase in the temperature range 169–189 °C. Slow cooling of a thin film sandwiched between ITO-coated glass slides readily

Single enantiomer synthesis of α-(trifluoromethyl)-β-lactam

• Václav Jurčík,
• Alexandra M. Z. Slawin and
• David O'Hagan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 759–766, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.86

• shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) and coupling constants (J) are given in Hertz (Hz). IR spectra were recorded on a Nicolet Avatar 360 FT-IR from a thin film (either neat or combined with nujol) supported between NaCl plates. Optical rotations [α]D are given in 10–1 deg cm2 g–1 and were

Unusual behavior in the reactivity of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles in a resistively heated microreactor

• Bernhard Gutmann,
• Toma N. Glasnov,
• Tahseen Razzaq,
• Walter Goessler,
• Dominique M. Roberge and
• C. Oliver Kappe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 503–517, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.59

• solvent [59]. We suspect that the Pd metal inside the steel coil is present in the form of a thin film of nanometer-sized Pd crystallites, very similar to the highly porous and catalytically active Pd films that can be generated very easily inside glass capillaries by the decomposition of Pd(OAc)2 under

Syntheses and properties of thienyl-substituted dithienophenazines

• Annemarie Meyer,
• Eva Sigmund,
• Friedhelm Luppertz,
• Gregor Schnakenburg,
• Immanuel Gadaczek,
• Thomas Bredow,
• Stefan-S. Jester and
• Sigurd Höger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1180–1187, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.135

• : oligothiophenes; phenazines; scanning tunneling microscopy; self-assembled monolayers; TD-DFT calculations; Introduction Thiophene based oligomers and polymers have drawn considerable interest as active materials in various fields of organic electronics such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thin

• -film transistors (OTFTs), or organic photovoltaics (OPVs) [1][2][3]. Concerning applications, organic materials are highly attractive due to their low cost and their particularly simple deposition from either vacuum or solution (casting or printing), and thus they are already utilized in industrial

Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• or polycondensation (Table 6). Since the surface generated by the miniemulsion droplets is extremely large, fast reactions are expected to occur in such systems. The formation of a thin film around the nanodroplets allow the creation of core–shell or capsular morphologies. Polystyrene–polyurea core

Self-assembly and semiconductivity of an oligothiophene supergelator

• Pampa Pratihar,
• Suhrit Ghosh,
• Vladimir Stepanenko,
• Sameer Patwardhan,
• Ferdinand C. Grozema,
• Laurens D. A. Siebbeles and
• Frank Würthner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1070–1078, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.122

• of a T1-PCBM mixture was prepared by spin-coating of MCH solution with a concentration of 5 × 10−4 M onto HOPG at 4000 rpm. The height of the observed fibers was determined by statistical analysis on the premise that the fibers lay on a thin film. Note that, due to the AFM tip broadening effect, the

Conjugated polymers containing diketopyrrolopyrrole units in the main chain

• Bernd Tieke,
• A. Raman Rabindranath,
• Kai Zhang and
• Yu Zhu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 830–845, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.92

• a brightness at 20 V of 50 cd m−2 without much optimization. The maximum emission was at 600 nm, the turn-on voltage was 3.5 V. Cao et al. [33] prepared DPP-fluorene copolymers with a DPP content of between 0.1 and 50%. It was found that absorption and emission spectra, both in solution and thin

• film, varied regularly with the DPP content in the copolymers. On increasing the DPP content, the absorption only shifted by a few nanometers to longer wavelengths, whereas the emission was bathochromically shifted by more than 40 nanometers. EL properties of the copolymers were also studied: With

Fused bicyclic piperidines and dihydropyridines by dearomatising cyclisation of the enolates of nicotinyl-substituted esters and ketones

• Heloise Brice,
• Jonathan Clayden and
• Stuart D. Hamilton

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 22, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.22

• concentrated under reduced pressure to furnish a light yellow oil. The oil was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2; petroleum ether–EtOAc 9:1) to yield the title compound as a colourless oil (40 mg, 0.135 mmol, 93%); silica gel TLC Rf 0.38 (petroleum ether–EtOAc 4:1); IR (thin film) νmax (cm−1): 1721

New diarylmethanofullerene derivatives and their properties for organic thin- film solar cells

• Daisuke Sukeguchi,
• Surya Prakash Singh,
• Mamidi Ramesh Reddy,
• Hideyuki Yoshiyama,
• Rakesh A. Afre,
• Yasuhiko Hayashi,
• Hiroki Inukai,
• Tetsuo Soga,
• Shuichi Nakamura,
• Norio Shibata and
• Takeshi Toru

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 7, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.7

• solvents, an important property in processing cells. First reduction potentials of most derivatives were less negative than that of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), which is possibly ascribed to their electron-withdrawing nature. Organic thin-film photovoltaic cells fabricated with poly(3

• heterojunction solar cells; fullerene derivatives; high open-circuit voltage; Introduction Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells consisting of thin-film composites of conjugated polymers (donors) and fullerene derivatives (acceptors) are promising candidates for inexpensive, renewable solar energy conversion

• composed of P3HT and a variety of newly synthesized diarylmethanofullerene derivative 1a–k, 2 blends. Results and Discussion We prepared new diarylmethanofullerene derivatives which were studied as electron-accepting materials in the bulk-heterojunction device of organic thin-film photovoltaic cells

Asymmetric synthesis of biaryl atropisomers by dynamic resolution on condensation of biaryl aldehydes with (−)-ephedrine or a proline- derived diamine

• Ann Bracegirdle,
• Jonathan Clayden and
• Lai Wah Lai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 47, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.47

• –175 °C; Rf  0.32 (5:1 v/v petroleum ether/EtOAc ); IR νmax (thin film) (DCM) 3012, 2933, 1637, 1599, 1050, 1434 cm−1; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ; 7.44–7.38 (1H, m, biaryl-H), 7.38–7.33 (1H, m, biaryl-H), 7.28 (1H, t, J 8, biaryl-H), 7.19 (2H, dt, J 7 and 1, biaryl-H), 7.12 (1H, dt, J 6 and 1, biaryl-H

• indicated a mixture of conformers at a ratio of 3:1. In another experiment, recrystallisation of the crude material from IPA gave (P)-10a as a crystalline solid (85%). Rf 0.40 (5:1 v/v petroleum ether/EtOAc ); IR νmax (thin film) (DCM) 3124, 2954, 1582, 1499, 1250, 801 cm−1; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ; 7.80