Continuous preparation of carbon-nanotube-supported platinum catalysts in a flow reactor directly heated by electric current

• Alicja Schlange,
• Antonio Rodolfo dos Santos,
• Ulrich Kunz and
• Thomas Turek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1412–1420, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.165

• a homemade DMFC test station equipped with high impedance potentiometer (Delta Elektronika SM3000) was used. The active area of the single cell with parallel flow field was 5 cm2. The platinum loading for both electrodes, anode and cathode, was 1 mg·cm−2, respectively. The fuel cell performance

• tests were carried out at 80 °C with pure oxygen as an oxidant (200 mL·min−1). 1 M MeOH solution at a flow rate of 5 mL·min−1 was supplied to the anode. The cathode layer was prepared using synthesized Pt/CNT catalysts, while the anode was fabricated using commercial Pt/Ru catalyst from BASF (40 wt % Pt

• oil bath. X-ray diffraction patterns for the as-received CNT and the three Pt/CNT samples taken at intervals of 25 min in the tubular reactor. Comparison of performance in DMFC with Pt/CNT oil bath and Pt/CNT tubular reactor samples as cathode catalysts (Pt loading of 1 mg·cm−2 on each anode and

A practical microreactor for electrochemistry in flow

• Kevin Watts,
• William Gattrell and
• Thomas Wirth

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1108–1114, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.127

• 1,2-diphenylethane (7a) were obtained with the device depicted in Figure 1; the reactions are shown in Scheme 3. The Kolbe reaction did not seem to be a very suitable reaction for a flow reactor due to the large amount of carbon dioxide and hydrogen that is formed at the anode during the

• place with an iodoarene that is oxidized at the anode. The radical cation then undergoes a reaction with the other arene to form an intermediate, followed by the loss of a second electron [23]. The solvent system consisted of acetonitrile, sulfuric acid (2 M) and acetic anhydride, which was reported to

• increase the selectivity of the coupling reaction [21]. The sulfuric acid acts both as a counter reaction to the oxidation at the anode, with proton reduction, and simultaneously provides a counter ion for the positively charged iodonium salt. It also acts as an electrolyte in the reaction described above

Redox-active tetrathiafulvalene and dithiolene compounds derived from allylic 1,4-diol rearrangement products of disubstituted 1,3-dithiole derivatives

• Filipe Vilela,
• Peter J. Skabara,
• Christopher R. Mason,
• Thomas D. J. Westgate,
• Asun Luquin,
• Simon J. Coles and
• Michael B. Hursthouse

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1002–1014, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.113

• . All data were collected at 150 K, on a Nonius KappaCCD area detector diffractometer, at the window of a Nonius FR591 rotating anode (λ MoKα = 0.7106 Å). A correction was applied to account for absorption effects by means of comparing equivalent reflections, using the program SORTAV [32][33]. A

Synthesis and crystallographic analysis of meso-2,3-difluoro-1,4-butanediol and meso-1,4-dibenzyloxy-2,3-difluorobutane

• Bruno Linclau,
• Leo Leung,
• Jean Nonnenmacher and
• Graham Tizzard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 62, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.62

• Bruker Nonius Kappa CCD Area Detector equipped with a Bruker Nonius FR591 rotating anode (λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 Å) at 120 K driven by COLLECT [50] and processed by DENZO [51] software and corrected for absorption by using SADABS [52]. The structures were determined in SHELXS-97 and refined using SHELXL-97

Low temperature enantiotropic nematic phases from V-shaped, shape-persistent molecules

• Matthias Lehmann and
• Jens Seltmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 73, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.73

• performed by using a standard copper anode (2.2 kW) source with pinhole collimation equipped with a X-ray mirror (Osmic typ CMF15-sCu6) and a Bruker detector (High-star) with 1024 × 1024 pixels. The diffraction data were calibrated by using silver behenate as a calibration standard [37]. The X-ray patterns