Fluorescent carbon dots from mono- and polysaccharides: synthesis, properties and applications

• Stephen Hill and
• M. Carmen Galan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 675–693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.67

• wide range of in vivo applications, which has been the topic of several recent reviews [13][14][15]. Following the serendipitous discovery by Xu et al. during the separation and purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [16], the development of synthetic methodologies to access these

• can be obtained. Typical substrates used are single/multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene or candle soot, amongst many others [15][17]. The crystalline make-up of top-down derived CDs is usually highly sp2 in character, which is transferred from the sp2-enriched starting materials, e.g

Enabling technologies and green processes in cyclodextrin chemistry

• Giancarlo Cravotto,
• Marina Caporaso,
• Laszlo Jicsinszky and
• Katia Martina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 278–294, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.30

• solubility and toxicity, while they can also be used as carriers for inhalation and oral administration treatments [38]. New hybrid materials have been created from a combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and β-CD [39] affording a peculiar cost-effective fibre. Functionalized β-CD was covalently linked to

• drug delivery systems and toxic compounds scavengers, and have been obtained by grafting CDs into polymeric matrices. A multi-carrier for combined diagnostic and theranostic applications was obtained via the functionalization of carbon nanotubes with CD using a MW-assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. As

Synthesis of racemic and chiral BEDT-TTF derivatives possessing hydroxy groups and their achiral and chiral charge transfer complexes

• Sara J. Krivickas,
• Chiho Hashimoto,
• Junya Yoshida,
• Akira Ueda,
• Kazuyuki Takahashi,
• John D. Wallis and
• Hatsumi Mori

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1561–1569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.172

• magneto-electrical phenomena such as piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, ferroelectricity and electrical magnetochiral anisotropy. Rikken et al. observed magneto-chiral dichroism in a europium complex [2][3] and also electrical magneto-chiral anisotropy in carbon nanotubes where small changes in the

• resistance of the chiral carbon nanotubes in a magnetic field were observed between enantiomers [4][5][6]. One method of constructing chiral crystals is through the use of chiral molecules as building blocks. Tetrathiafulvalene derivatives such as TTF (3) and BEDT-TTF (4) have been investigated considerably

Regioselective synthesis of chiral dimethyl-bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene sulfones

• Flavia Pop and
• Narcis Avarvari

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1105–1111, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.124

• previously observed only in bismuth wires and carbon nanotubes [13]. Another interesting research area is the redox modulation of the chiroptical properties described in derivatives such as TTF-allenes [14], TTF-helicenes [15], or TTF-paracyclophanes [16]. Thus, to address the different opportunities offered

Electrochemical oxidation of cholesterol

• Jacek W. Morzycki and
• Andrzej Sobkowiak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 392–402, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.45

• immobilization of an enzyme on the electrode covered with different conducting polymers often embedded with carbon nanotubes and/or metal nanoparticles [52][53][54][55][56]. Chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer, has also been utilized for sensor fabrication [57][58]. Cholesterol oxidase has been

• immobilized on carbon nanotubes [59], metal nanoparticles [60] or graphene [61], and additionally decorated with metal nanoparticles [62] or modified with ionic liquids [63]. The application of composite electrodes, including silica sol–gel matrix with Prussian Blue [64], carbon nanotubes with zinc oxide

Cross-dehydrogenative coupling for the intermolecular C–O bond formation

• Igor B. Krylov,
• Vera A. Vil’ and
• Alexander O. Terent’ev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 92–146, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.13

• ]. The coupling of aldehydes and formamides with 2-substituted phenols was carried out in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, such as CuO on α-Fe2O3-modified carbon nanotubes (a magnetically separable catalyst) [158] and the metal-organic framework Cu2(4,4’-biphenyldicarboxylate)2(4,4’-bipyridine

Encapsulation of biocides by cyclodextrins: toward synergistic effects against pathogens

• Véronique Nardello-Rataj and
• Loïc Leclercq

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2603–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.273

• as medical devices and antimicrobial systems [92]. In this context, Lukhele et al. explored the use of copper nanoparticles impregnated on CD polyurethanes for possible use in water disinfection [93]. Carbon nanotubes embedded in water-insoluble CD polyurethane polymers are used to immobilize copper

• bacteria and adsorbed up to 55% of p-nitrophenol pollutant. It is worth mentioning that single-walled carbon nanotubes already exhibit a strong antimicrobial activity because of the piercing of the bacterial cell membranes (Scheme 10) [94]. Therefore, their combination with biocidal nanoparticles allows a

• synergism behavior: the carbon nanotubes promote the nanoparticles penetration into the cytoplasm by piercing of the bacterial cells. Indeed, the combined action of carbon nanotubes and biocidal nanoparticles is higher than the sum of the activities of any actives on their own. Based on this ascertainment

Chiral phosphines in nucleophilic organocatalysis

• Yumei Xiao,
• Zhanhu Sun,
• Hongchao Guo and
• Ohyun Kwon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2089–2121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.218

• provided a versatile and promising strategy for tailoring carbon materials (e.g., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes), imparting them with desired properties for applications in materials chemistry [42][43]. To further develop nucleophilic phosphine-catalyzed asymmetric reactions, Marinetti and co-workers

Carbon nanomaterials

• Anke Krueger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1785–1786, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.186

• carbon materials have entered the scene such as carbon nanotubes, carbon onions, nanoscale diamond and diamondoids. A major turning point was the appearance of graphene as a material available for in-depth investigations – spurred by the development of reliable production methods. The progress in terms

Tuning the interactions between electron spins in fullerene-based triad systems

• Maria A. Lebedeva,
• Thomas W. Chamberlain,
• E. Stephen Davies,
• Bradley E. Thomas,
• Martin Schröder and
• Andrei N. Khlobystov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 332–343, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.31

• and 2D ordering is a critical factor in the design of molecular electronics. For example, linear molecules can be ordered readily into 1D arrays using carbon nanotubes as templates [18] and are therefore advantageous compared to non-linear or branched molecules for which 1D packing arrangements are

Thermotropic and lyotropic behaviour of new liquid-crystalline materials with different hydrophilic groups: synthesis and mesomorphic properties

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Miroslav Kašpar,
• Věra Hamplová,
• Ute Dawin and
• Frank Giesselmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 425–436, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.45

• behaviour. Such materials are of high potential interest for challenging issues such as the self-organization of carbon nanotubes or various nanoparticles. Thermotropic mesomorphic properties have been studied by using polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray scattering

• such as the organization of carbon nanotubes [17] or various nanoparticles [18] in a liquid-crystalline matrix. To reach the goal, several new multifunctional liquid-crystalline materials possessing either ethylene glycol units (denoted as TL1 and TL2) or a different number of hydroxy groups (denoted

Continuous preparation of carbon-nanotube-supported platinum catalysts in a flow reactor directly heated by electric current

• Alicja Schlange,
• Antonio Rodolfo dos Santos,
• Ulrich Kunz and
• Thomas Turek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1412–1420, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.165

• process for the production of highly active Pt catalysts supported by carbon nanotubes by use of an electrically heated tubular reactor. The synthesized catalysts show a high degree of dispersion and narrow distributions of cluster sizes. In comparison to catalysts synthesized by the conventional oil-bath

• preparation in a flow reactor which could be used at a large scale. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; continuous catalyst synthesis; direct electrical heating; flow reactors; fuel cell platinum catalyst; Introduction Batch processes represent the state of the art in catalyst preparation. One reason for employing

• results. Most of the work is concerned with the precipitation of hydroxides, oxides or other hardly soluble metal compounds [12]. Platinum nanoparticles supported on conductive carbon materials such as carbon black or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are commonly used as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts

Michael-type addition of azoles of broad-scale acidity to methyl acrylate

• Sławomir Boncel,
• Kinga Saletra,
• Barbara Hefczyc and
• Krzysztof Z. Walczak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 173–178, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.24

• and which, after acidic hydrolysis [43], can be anchored to drug delivery systems, including, e.g., chemically modified carbon nanotubes, via amide bonds. Examples of azole derivatives as important therapeutic agents. Michael-type addition of azoles of broad-scale acidity 1a–h to methyl acrylate (2

Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• the polystyrene core in THF. Ham et al. dispersed single-wall carbon nanotubes and pyrrole before oxidative polymerization of the monomer [97]. The electric properties of the composite were investigated for application as electrode material for a supercapacitor. Ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) has also

Novel loop-like aromatic compounds: a further step on the road to nanobelts and nanotubes

• Venkataramana Rajuri,
• Dariush Ajami,
• Gaston R. Schaller,
• Christian Näther and
• Rainer Herges

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 30, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.30

• carbon nanotubes which could eventually be extended in length by chemical vapor deposition [9][10]. This strategy could eventually open a way to prepare monodisperse nanotubes with well defined physical properties. Our approach to synthesize loop-like aromatic compounds is based on the Diels–Alder