Encapsulation of biocides by cyclodextrins: toward synergistic effects against pathogens

• Véronique Nardello-Rataj and
• Loïc Leclercq

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2603–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.273

• improve the performances of biocides. Review Biocides versus pathogen agents: the context i) Definitions and markets Pathogen is used to mean an infectious agent (e.g., virus, bacteria, prion, fungus or protozoan). The host may be an animal, a plant, a fungus or even another microorganism. To prevent and

• typically used in practice, ii) a concentration at which the majority of strains of that microorganism is affected, and iii) a concentration acting upon the majority of cells in that culture [22]. Moreover, biocides are chemical agents that are intrinsically usually toxic for the end user, but also for the

• degraded by the microorganism via mineralization. However, as pentachlorophenol also acts as a biocide, the fungal growth is inhibited and thereby, its own degradation as well. In 2006, to overcome this drawback, Boyle reported that addition of γ-CD can reduce the intrinsic toxicity of pentachlorophenol

Streptopyridines, volatile pyridine alkaloids produced by Streptomyces sp. FORM5

• Ulrike Groenhagen,
• Michael Maczka,
• Jeroen S. Dickschat and
• Stefan Schulz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1421–1432, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.146

• liquid phase is complementary and in combination allows better evaluation of the metabolic potential of an investigated microorganism. Results and Discussion The volatiles released by agar plate cultures of strain Streptomyces sp. FORM5 were collected by CLSA for one day on a charcoal filter and eluted

• -pentadienylpiperidine do not occur in the headspace, thus proving the necessity to use orthogonal analytical methods to assess the full metabolic potential of a microorganism. Experimental General experimental procedures Reagents and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany) and Acros

Synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of (−)-(5R,6Z)-dendrolasin-5-acetate from the nudibranch Hypselodoris jacksoni

• I. Wayan Mudianta,
• Victoria L. Challinor,
• Anne E. Winters,
• Karen L. Cheney,
• James J. De Voss and
• Mary J. Garson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2925–2933, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.329

• (either directly or as a derivative) that have been approved for FDA use as a drug or are in clinical trials were first isolated from molluscs. For some of these bioactives, the actual biosynthetic source is a microorganism [6]. Within the Nudibranchia, the genus Hypselodoris is generally characterized by

Biosynthesis of rare hexoses using microorganisms and related enzymes

• Zijie Li,
• Yahui Gao,
• Hideki Nakanishi,
• Xiaodong Gao and
• Li Cai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2434–2445, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.281

• -gulose, L-galactose, L-fucose, allitol, D-talitol, and L-sorbitol. New systems and robust catalysts resulting from advancements in genomics and bioengineering are also discussed. Keywords: biosynthesis; enzyme; hexose; microorganism; rare sugars; Introduction Rare sugars are referred to as

Activation of cryptic metabolite production through gene disruption: Dimethyl furan-2,4-dicarboxylate produced by Streptomyces sahachiroi

• Dinesh Simkhada,
• Huitu Zhang,
• Shogo Mori,
• Howard Williams and
• Coran M. H. Watanabe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1768–1773, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.205

• overproduction of the cryptic metabolite dimethyl furan-2,4-dicarboxylate and led to complete abolishment of azinomycin production. It is the first non-azinomycin related metabolite to be reported from the S. sahachiroi strain, a microorganism that has been mined for its natural product constituents since 1954

• producing organism. It is tempting to speculate that when biosynthetic pathways of these metabolites are inactivated, the microorganism begins to adapt and evolve in an effort to develop new self defense mechanisms. Such adaptations (which may or may not be immediately useful to the host) can lead to the

Quantification of N-acetylcysteamine activated methylmalonate incorporation into polyketide biosynthesis

• Stephan Klopries,
• Uschi Sundermann and
• Frank Schulz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 664–674, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.75

• , thereby utilizing the full productivity of this microorganism at the expense of overcoming its complexity. When 2-propargylmalonic acid (6a) or its dimethyl ester 6b were fed to the culture of S. erythraea DEBS AT6*, no incorporation into erythromycin was observed. Furthermore, the low catalytic

Chemoenzymatic synthesis and biological evaluation of enantiomerically enriched 1-(β-hydroxypropyl)imidazolium- and triazolium-based ionic liquids

• Paweł Borowiecki,
• Małgorzata Milner-Krawczyk and
• Jan Plenkiewicz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 516–525, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.56

• liquids to exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity, raising the possibility that ionic liquids could find application as biocidal agents in the control of microorganism growth [42][43][44][45]. Herein, we report the results of our investigation on the chemoenzymatic synthesis of new chiral ionic liquids

On the proposed structures and stereocontrolled synthesis of the cephalosporolides

• Sami F. Tlais and
• Gregory B. Dudley

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1287–1292, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.146

• ]. However, it is quite possible that the microorganism produces one or the other of these isomers selectively, and that this material scrambles over time to a thermodynamic mixture. It is this mixture that is ultimately extracted, and if this conjecture is true, then the natural extract (mixture) would

Towards practical biocatalytic Baeyer- Villiger reactions: applying a thermostable enzyme in the gram- scale synthesis of optically- active lactones in a two-liquid- phase system

• Frank Schulz,
• François Leca,
• Frank Hollmann and
• Manfred T. Reetz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2005, 1, No. 10, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-1-10

• requirements. The enzyme needs to be easily available. For this purpose an E. coli expression system would be appropriate due to the ease of handling this microorganism. The recycling enzyme must be thermostable at least to the extent of the production enzyme PAMO, and in addition it must exhibit a high degree