Organometallic vs organic photoredox catalysts for photocuring reactions in the visible region

• Aude-Héloise Bonardi,
• Frédéric Dumur,
• Guillaume Noirbent,
• Jacques Lalevée and
• Didier Gigmes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 3025–3046, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.282

• industrial fields. About 45% of the manufactured plastic material and 40% of synthetic rubber are produced by free radical polymerization worldwide [23]. In both cases, the photoredox catalyst, used as PS, absorbs the light and goes to its excited state. Then, there are two possibilities: the photoredox

Synthesis of new p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-based polyammonium triazolyl amphiphiles and their binding with nucleoside phosphates

• Vladimir A. Burilov,
• Guzaliya A. Fatikhova,
• Mariya N. Dokuchaeva,
• Ramil I. Nugmanov,
• Diana A. Mironova,
• Pavel V. Dorovatovskii,
• Victor N. Khrustalev,
• Svetlana E. Solovieva and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1980–1993, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.173

• (Dispersion Technology Software 5.00). The solutions were filtered through Millex HV 0.45 μM filter before the measurements to remove dust. The experiments were carried out in the disposable plastic cells DTS 0012 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) at 298 K with at least three experiments for each system. Statistical data

Synthesis and in vitro biochemical evaluation of oxime bond-linked daunorubicin–GnRH-III conjugates developed for targeted drug delivery

• Sabine Schuster,
• Beáta Biri-Kovács,
• Bálint Szeder,
• Viktor Farkas,
• László Buday,
• Zsuzsanna Szabó,
• Gábor Halmos and
• Gábor Mező

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 756–771, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.64

• formaldehyde (e.g., from the softeners of the plastic tubes) not only during the reaction steps (cleavage, ligation) but also under the HPLC purification conditions which has a high impact on the yield [35]. Secondary structure determination by electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy ECD spectra of GnRH-III

• plastic culture dishes at 37 °C with a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2/95% air. Stability of GnRH-III bioconjugates in cell culture medium The GnRH-III bioconjugates were dissolved in water to a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL followed by the dilution with serum-free cell culture medium (final

The selective electrochemical fluorination of S-alkyl benzothioate and its derivatives

• Shunsuke Kuribayashi,
• Tomoyuki Kurioka,
• Shinsuke Inagi,
• Ho-Jung Lu,
• Biing-Jiun Uang and
• Toshio Fuchigami

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 389–396, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.27

• oxidation of a substrate (1 mmol) was carried out in a plastic undivided cell equipped with platinum anode and cathode (2 cm × 2 cm) containing 10 mL of HF salt (20 equiv of F− to substrate/solvent) at room temperature. A constant current (40 mA) was passed until the starting material was mostly consumed

Polarization spectroscopy methods in the determination of interactions of small molecules with nucleic acids – tutorial

• Tamara Šmidlehner,
• Ivo Piantanida and
• Gennaro Pescitelli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 84–105, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.5

• measured in the vis range (>360 nm), the application of disposable plastic cuvettes can solve or at least minimize the problem. However, for dyes that strongly adhere to cuvette walls the collected chiroptical spectrum does not correspond to conditions in homogeneous solution and thus cannot be interpreted

Mechanochemical synthesis of thioureas, ureas and guanidines

• Vjekoslav Štrukil

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1828–1849, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.178

• , plastic) and even milling atmosphere allows reproducible solid state syntheses in such instruments. The progress made over the past 15 years has transformed grinding or milling from a purely physical tool for mechanical processing into a synthetic method of choice when one wishes to conduct chemical

Detection of therapeutic radiation in three-dimensions

• John A. Adamovics

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1325–1331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.129

• polymerization processes. Irradiated dosimeters scatter light during optical scanning. The solutions are toxic, require 24 hours to equilibrate, and require a container to maintain the dosimeter shape [13]. Interest in a 3D dosimeter made of a transparent plastic was initially reported in 1961 [14]. The ideal

Membrane properties of hydroxycholesterols related to the brain cholesterol metabolism

• Malte Hilsch,
• Ivan Haralampiev,
• Peter Müller,
• Daniel Huster and
• Holger A. Scheidt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 720–727, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.71

• least 1 h for evaporation of remaining traces of the solvent. Lipid-coated slides were assembled using a spacer of Parafilm (Pechiney Plastic Packaging, Chicago, IL, USA) for insulation. The electroswelling chamber was filled with 1 mL sucrose buffer (250 mM sucrose, 15 mM NaN3, osmolarity of 280 mOsm

• suitable plastic dishes (ibiTreat µ-Slides Angiogenesis, ibidi, Martinsried, Germany). Vesicles were allowed to settle down some minutes before acquisition of z-stacks with 1 µm step size. Top: Chemical structures of cholesterol and hydroxycholesterols with selected numbering for the carbon atoms. The

Adsorption of RNA on mineral surfaces and mineral precipitates

• Elisa Biondi,
• Yoshihiro Furukawa,
• Jun Kawai and
• Steven A. Benner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 393–404, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.42

• (BioRad) and analyzed with the software QuantityOne (BioRad). After removing the supernatant, carbonate columns were then quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen, extruded from the plastic container by tapping, set against a sterile ruler, and quickly sliced into 0.5–1 cm slices. These were finally passed into

• to the tubes’ plastic, was released by washing the surfaces with 100 mM aqueous formic acid (100 µL); the released RNA was recovered in new tubes. These samples were subjected to three cycles of evaporation and resuspension in ddH2O to eliminate formic acid. The residue was then dissolved in 95

A novel method for heterocyclic amide–thioamide transformations

• Walid Fathalla,
• Ibrahim A. I. Ali and
• Pavel Pazdera

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 174–181, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.20

• reagent. Experimental General procedures Solvents were purified and dried by standard procedures. The boiling range of the petroleum ether used was 40–60 °C. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC): silica gel 60 F254 plastic plates (E. Merck, layer thickness 0.2 mm) detected by UV absorption. Elemental analyses

A versatile route to polythiophenes with functional pendant groups using alkyne chemistry

• Xiao Huang,
• Li Yang,
• Rikard Emanuelsson,
• Jonas Bergquist,
• Maria Strømme,
• Martin Sjödin and
• Adolf Gogoll

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2682–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.265

• polymers; polythiophene; Sonogashira coupling; thiophene; Introduction Currently organic conjugated polymers are attracting considerable interest for various applications in plastic electronics. In particular, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) [1] and its derivatives [2][3][4][5][6][7] play an

Diels–Alder reactions in confined spaces: the influence of catalyst structure and the nature of active sites for the retro-Diels–Alder reaction

• Ángel Cantín,
• M. Victoria Gomez and
• Antonio de la Hoz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2181–2188, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.208

• terephthalate that is used for the large-scale manufacture of plastic bottles among others. The authors do not find transport limitations within the zeolite framework to the rate of the reaction [27]. Interestingly, when Brønsted acid containing zeolites (Al-β) are used as catalyst, there is a decrease in the

Comparing blends and blocks: Synthesis of partially fluorinated diblock polythiophene copolymers to investigate the thermal stability of optical and morphological properties

• Pierre Boufflet,
• Sebastian Wood,
• Jessica Wade,
• Zhuping Fei,
• Ji-Seon Kim and
• Martin Heeney

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2150–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.205

• Pierre Boufflet Sebastian Wood Jessica Wade Zhuping Fei Ji-Seon Kim Martin Heeney Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7

Indenopyrans – synthesis and photoluminescence properties

• Andreea Petronela Diac,
• Ana-Maria Ţepeş,
• Albert Soran,
• Ion Grosu,
• Anamaria Terec,
• Jean Roncali and
• Elena Bogdan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 825–834, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.81

• -b]pyrans) are important photochromic compounds used for the fabrication of plastic lenses [12][13]. Their photochromic properties were improved through an extended conjugation through the fusion to an indeno group. Moreover, 2-alkyl-6-(4-(dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran, 2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[3a

Three new trixane glycosides obtained from the leaves of Jungia sellowii Less. using centrifugal partition chromatography

• Luíse Azevedo,
• Larissa Faqueti,
• Marina Kritsanida,
• Antonia Efstathiou,
• Despina Smirlis,
• Gilberto C. Franchi Jr,
• Grégory Genta-Jouve,
• Sylvie Michel,
• Louis P. Sandjo,
• Raphaël Grougnet and
• Maique W. Biavatti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 674–683, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.68

• experiments were performed at least three independent times in triplicate. In vitro cytotoxicity against leukemic cells The cell lines used in this study were HL60 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia), JURKAT (Acute T cell Leukemia) and REH (Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia non-T; non-B). The cells were grown in plastic

Art, auto-mechanics, and supramolecular chemistry. A merging of hobbies and career

• Eric V. Anslyn

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.40

• creativity converted to being an auto mechanic, restoring old Jaguars and Porsches to the level of award winning Concours D’Elegance vehicles. Growing up in a household with a father that was both an artist and a mechanic, it became natural to build plastic and balsawood models as a hobby and to work on

• variants for spatially arraying receptors for solution analysis were thus created by others, such as Pavel Anzenbacher’s sol–gel approach [95][96]. Yet, the absolute easiest way to array receptors is to use commercially available plates, such as plastic 96-well plates, because the receptors can be

Supramolecular structures based on regioisomers of cinnamyl-α-cyclodextrins – new media for capillary separation techniques

• Gabor Benkovics,
• Ondrej Hodek,
• Martina Havlikova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Pavel Coufal,
• Milo Malanga,
• Eva Fenyvesi,
• Andras Darcsi,
• Szabolcs Beni and
• Jindrich Jindrich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 97–109, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.11

• processed, recycled or applied as self-healing materials. Recently much attention has been focused on the preparation and application of SPs and the most promising systems have already found their field of application ranging from cosmetics, printing, personal care to plastic industry. However their use as

Synthesis of cyclic N¹-pentylinosine phosphate, a new structurally reduced cADPR analogue with calcium-mobilizing activity on PC12 cells

• Ahmed Mahal,
• Stefano D’Errico,
• Nicola Borbone,
• Brunella Pinto,
• Agnese Secondo,
• Valeria Costantino,
• Valentina Tedeschi,
• Giorgia Oliviero,
• Vincenzo Piccialli and
• Gennaro Piccialli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2689–2695, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.289

• plates (0.2 mm thick, Merck). TLC spots were detected under UV light (254 nm). Cell cultures and [Ca2+]i measurements PC12 cells, grown on plastic dishes in RPMI medium composed of 10% horse serum, 5% FBS, 100 UI/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin, were differentiated in neurons with NGF (50 ng/mL

Continuous formation of N-chloro-N,N-dialkylamine solutions in well-mixed meso-scale flow reactors

• A. John Blacker and
• Katherine E. Jolley

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2408–2417, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.262

• stainless steel 1/16 inch to 1/4 inch increasing connector were obtained from Swagelok. The reactor tube comprises of PTFE tubing 1/4 inch OD and in-line plastic static mixers supplied by Nordson EFD (3/16 inch OD, mixer element diameter 1/8 inch, 3.5 inch length). For the CSTR, the same Harvard syringe

Profluorescent substrates for the screening of olefin metathesis catalysts

• Raphael Reuter and
• Thomas R. Ward

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1886–1892, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.203

• ). The plate was then sealed with transparent plastic foil and analyzed using a fluorescence plate reader at 27 °C, in 3 min measuring intervals with shaking between the measurements (substrate 5: λexcitation = 320 nm; λemission = 400 nm; substrate 8: λexcitation = 350 nm; λemission = 380 nm). Catalysts

Preparation of a disulfide-linked precipitative soluble support for solution-phase synthesis of trimeric oligodeoxyribonucleotide 3´-(2-chlorophenylphosphate) building blocks

• Amit M. Jabgunde,
• Alejandro Gimenez Molina,
• Pasi Virta and
• Harri Lönnberg

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1553–1560, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.171

• 2 h to obtain the tetravalent nucleoside cluster 7a, transferred to a stoppered 50 mL plastic tube, and MeOH (46 mL) was added. The precipitate formed was kept at −20 °C overnight, isolated by centrifugation, and dried to give 7a (0.20 g, 70%) as a white solid. The precipitate and supernatant were

Carboxylated dithiafulvenes and tetrathiafulvalene vinylogues: synthesis, electronic properties, and complexation with zinc ions

• Yunfei Wang and
• Yuming Zhao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 957–965, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.107

• covered on plastic sheets and visualized by UV light. Melting points were measured on a SRS OptiMelt melting point apparatus. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were measured on a Bruker Avance III 300 MHz multinuclear spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in ppm downfield relative to the signal of the

Modification of physical properties of poly(L-lactic acid) by addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin

• Toshiyuki Suzuki,
• Ayaka Ei,
• Yoshihisa Takada,
• Hiroki Uehara,
• Takeshi Yamanobe and
• Keiko Takahashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2997–3006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.318

• Polytechnic University, 1583 Iiyama, Atsugi 243-0297, Japan; Fax +81-46-242-3000 10.3762/bjoc.10.318 Abstract Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a biodegradable plastic and one of the most famous plastics made from biobased materials. However, its physical strength is insufficient compared to general-purpose

• at 25 °C in Figure 4b. For PL-MCD50 and 67, similar behavior to PLLA was observed. These samples exhibited yield points, followed by extensive elongation at an almost constant strain, which is typical for a tough plastic where the semicrystalline polymer shows an amorphous phase above Tg. In contrast

Detonation nanodiamonds biofunctionalization and immobilization to titanium alloy surfaces as first steps towards medical application

• Juliana P. L. Gonçalves,
• Afnan Q. Shaikh,
• Manuela Reitzig,
• Daria A. Kovalenko,
• Jan Michael,
• René Beutner,
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti,
• Dieter Scharnweber and
• Jörg Opitz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2765–2773, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.293

• inside a 3 M KCl solution connected to a conical glass cell via salt bridge. The salt bridge is formed by filling a capillary plastic tube with agarose gel (2 % w/v in 2 mol/L borate buffer, pH 7.4). The experimental conical cell has a capacity of 3 mL. 1.5 mL of an aqueous slurry of modified DND is

Synthesis of a resin monomer-soluble polyrotaxane crosslinker containing cleavable end groups

• Ji-Hun Seo,
• Shino Nakagawa,
• Koichiro Hirata and
• Nobuhiko Yui

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2623–2629, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.274

• prepared resin monomer-soluble PRX crosslinker was successfully polymerized with a mixture of HEMA and UDMA to provide photosetting plastic. It was confirmed that the Vickers hardness of the prepared plastic was greatly decreased after treatment with dithiothreitol. This indicates that the resin monomer

• shows the image of the polymerized mixture prepared by resin casting. As shown, slightly yellow and transparent plastic was formed, indicating that the well-soluble PRX crosslinker does not result in a heterogeneous aggregation during the polymerization process. The effect of degradable crosslinkers on

• the change of hardness was estimated by means of the Vickers hardness test. As shown in Figure 4, the initial Vickers hardness of the hardened plastic was 2.9 N/mm2. Generally, conventional dental composite resin shows around 15 N/mm2 [24]. Therefore, the prepared PRX-based thermosetting plastic