New variochelins from soil-isolated Variovorax sp. H002

• Jabal Rahmat Haedar,
• Aya Yoshimura and
• Toshiyuki Wakimoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.63

• development across several conditions, such as increased levels of auxin plant hormone (IAA) [6] and reduced ethylene levels [7]. They also play a crucial ecological role in the degradation of environmentally harmful pollutants [8][9][10]. Moreover, these bacteria produce unique photoreactive siderophores

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as suitable solvent for BF₃: the case of alkyne hydration. Chemistry vs electrochemistry

• Marta David,
• Elisa Galli,
• Richard C. D. Brown,
• Marta Feroci,
• Fabrizio Vetica and
• Martina Bortolami

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1966–1981, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.147

• pollutants. This also facilitates their recovery and recycling. Furthermore, they generally exhibit low flammability, high thermal and chemical stability, good thermal and electrical conductivity, together with the ability to solubilize organic and inorganic compounds of different polarity [78][79][80][81

A fluorescent probe for detection of Hg²⁺ ions constructed by tetramethyl cucurbit[6]uril and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene

• Xiaoqian Chen,
• Naqin Yang,
• Yue Ma,
• Xinan Yang and
• Peihua Ma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 864–872, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.63

• ; fluorescent probe; Hg2+ ion recognition; host–guest chemistry; tetramethyl cucurbit[6]uril; Introduction Mercury, as one of the most toxic heavy metal pollutants, not only seriously pollutes the ecological environment but also causes great harm to human health. Mercury and inorganic mercury ions (Hg2+) in

Polymer and small molecule mechanochemistry: closer than ever

• José G. Hernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1225–1235, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.128

• remediation, the degradation of dye pollutants (e.g., rhodamine) has been accomplished using BaTiO3 as a mechanophore in solution with ultrasonication [52] or under solvent-free ball milling reaction conditions [56]. These reports complement recent studies on piezocatalysis, such as on chain-growth

¹⁹F NMR as a tool in chemical biology

• Diana Gimenez,
• Aoife Phelan,
• Cormac D. Murphy and
• Steven L. Cobb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 293–318, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.28

Insight into functionalized-macrocycles-guided supramolecular photocatalysis

• Minzan Zuo,
• Krishnasamy Velmurugan,
• Kaiya Wang,
• Xueqi Tian and
• Xiao-Yu Hu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 139–155, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.15

• ] (“Cyclodextrin–gold nanocluster decorated TiO2 enhances photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants” by H. Zhu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A vol. 6, © 2017); permission conveyed through Copyright Clearing Center, Inc. Visible-light-driven conversion of benzyl alcohol to H2 and a vicinal diol or to H2 and

Mechanochemical green synthesis of hyper-crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers

• Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo,
• Fabrizio Caldera,
• Marco Zanetti,
• Silvia Lucia Appleton,
• Nilesh Kumar Dhakar and
• Francesco Trotta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1554–1563, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.127

• promising results in removing organic compounds from wastewater and could therefore be suited for purifying water contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as chlorobenzenes and chlorotoluenes [2]. Moreover, CD nanosponges have found many applications in the pharmaceutical field, as for

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

• Christopher G. Thomson,
• Ai-Lan Lee and
• Filipe Vilela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1495–1549, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.125

• recombination [154][155]. Suárez and co-workers used the photodeposition of platinum onto tungsten oxide (WO3) powder, before immobilising within a zeolite framework to produce visible light-active HPCats for the degradation of pollutants in air [156]. Scaiano and co-workers have also utilised photodeposition

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

• Melanie Iwanow,
• Tobias Gärtner,
• Volker Sieber and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1188–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.104

• represents the surface area resulting from the amount of micropores (<1 nm). Mesopores (<1.5 nm) are denoted by methylene blue adsorption, which is also used as model substrate for the adsorption of organic pollutants [51][126]. Phenol adsorption takes place in ultramicropores and micropores with diameters

Polyaminoazide mixtures for the synthesis of pH-responsive calixarene nanosponges

• Antonella Di Vincenzo,
• Antonio Palumbo Piccionello,
• Alberto Spinella,
• Delia Chillura Martino,
• Marco Russo and
• Paolo Lo Meo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 633–641, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.59

• . The desired responsivity to pH variations of the nanosponges obtained was verified by means of absorption tests on a set of organic pollutant model molecules. Keywords: calixarenes; nanosponges; pH-responsive materials; pollutants; polyaminoazides; Introduction The ability to provide a response to

• -triazol-1-yl)alkylidene chains as the linkers between the calixarene monomer units. Even these materials were proven effective in sequestrating organic model pollutants, such as p-nitroaniline derivatives or dyes, from aqueous solution. However, their synthesis required much longer times in comparison

• the binding properties of CaNSs examined in our previous work [22], because they have been considered good models of organic pollutants [26][27][28][29][30]; moreover, they have been largely used as probes to investigate the microscopic interactions involved in the binding equilibria with other

Systematic synthetic study of four diastereomerically distinct limonene-1,2-diols and their corresponding cyclic carbonates

• Hiroshi Morikawa,
• Jun-ichi Yamaguchi,
• Shun-ichi Sugimura,
• Masato Minamoto,
• Yuuta Gorou,
• Hisatoyo Morinaga and
• Suguru Motokucho

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 130–136, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.13

• is detected as metabolite in vivo in biochemistry [15], and is known to react in the atmosphere to afford the secondary organic aerosol as air pollutants [16]. Among the four diastereomers of LMdiols (Figure 2), 2b and 2c have already been reported [14][17][18][19][20]. Conversely, the distinct

Learning from B₁₂ enzymes: biomimetic and bioinspired catalysts for eco-friendly organic synthesis

• Keishiro Tahara,
• Ling Pan,
• Toshikazu Ono and
• Yoshio Hisaeda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2553–2567, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.232

• principle. Chemical methods are considered as efficient techniques to directly degrade halogenated pollutants. Completely mimicking the complicated dehalorespiration systems requires tedious efforts. The concept of bioinspired chemistry would be an effective methodology to design sustainable systems. To

• . Dechlorination of DDT and related compounds We developed an electrochemical catalytic system for the dechlorination of 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) that is one of the most problematic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) [108]. The controlled-potential electrolysis of DDT was performed at

Hyper-reticulated calixarene polymers: a new example of entirely synthetic nanosponge materials

• Alberto Spinella,
• Marco Russo,
• Antonella Di Vincenzo,
• Delia Chillura Martino and
• Paolo Lo Meo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1498–1507, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.127

• these materials are well permeable to solutions. The CyNSs have been successfully tested and employed in several contexts, such as drug carrier systems [5][14][15], preservative agents delivery [16], pollutants sequestration [17][18][19][20] etc. Various uses of nanosponges have been recently reviewed

• (bromocresol green, 8), a bis-indole (indigo carmine, 9) and a naphthalene-bis-diazoic (naphthol blue-black, 10), in order to evaluate the outcome of molecular size, shape and electric charge. Dyes can be considered suitable and easily detectable models of pollutants [43][44][45][46][47], for the removal of

• sequestering agents towards model pollutants such as p-nitroaniline derivatives and dyes. Our results indicate that the absorption equilibrium is affected by a combination of hydrophobic effects, Coulomb and π…π interactions, as a function of the molecular size and shape. Moreover, significant pH-dependent

Recent advances on organic blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)

• Thanh-Tuân Bui,
• Fabrice Goubard,
• Malika Ibrahim-Ouali,
• Didier Gigmes and
• Frédéric Dumur

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 282–308, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.18

• with a photo-oxidation was determined as playing a critical role in the degradation of blue TADF emitters. In fact, a parallel can be easily done with the treatment of wastewater, where pollutants are removed from water by combining a photochemical and an electrochemical process [50]. During this study

Encaging palladium(0) in layered double hydroxide: A sustainable catalyst for solvent-free and ligand-free Heck reaction in a ball mill

• Wei Shi,
• Jingbo Yu,
• Zhijiang Jiang,
• Qiaoling Shao and
• Weike Su

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1661–1668, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.160

• could be successfully applied in the degradation of organic pollutants [44][45]. Bai and co-worker [46] synthesized Pd/SDS–LDHs by using an ultrasonic method, which exhibited excellent activity in Suzuki reactions. Jiang et al. [47] demonstrated that LDH-supported on alkaline materials performed higher

Stabilization of nanosized titanium dioxide by cyclodextrin polymers and its photocatalytic effect on the degradation of wastewater pollutants

• Tamás Zoltán Agócs,
• István Puskás,
• Erzsébet Varga,
• Mónika Molnár and
• Éva Fenyvesi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2873–2882, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.286

• , Hungary 10.3762/bjoc.12.286 Abstract Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are considered highly competitive water treatment technologies for the removal of organic pollutants. Among AOP techniques, photocatalysis has recently been the most widely studied. Our aims were to investigate how the dispersion of

• carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin polymer (CMBCD-P) for stabilization of nanoTiO2 dispersions. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and ibuprofen as model organic pollutants in various media (distilled water, NaCl solution and tap water) has been studied using nanoTiO2 as catalyst stabilized by CMBCD-P

• catalyst for photodecomposition of various organic pollutants [31]. The photocatalytic reactions take place on the surface of the catalyst on the effect of solar light or of artificial UV light irradiation. In the practice, TiO2 is immobilized on a surface, e.g., glass wool mats or ceramic plates and a

Cross-linked cyclodextrin-based material for treatment of metals and organic substances present in industrial discharge waters

• Élise Euvrard,
• Nadia Morin-Crini,
• Coline Druart,
• Justine Bugnet,
• Bernard Martel,
• Cesare Cosentino,
• Virginie Moutarlier and
• Grégorio Crini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1826–1838, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.172

• Abstract In this study, a polymer, prepared by crosslinking cyclodextrin (CD) by means of a polycarboxylic acid, was used for the removal of pollutants from spiked solutions and discharge waters from the surface treatment industry. In spiked solutions containing five metals, sixteen polycyclic aromatic

• calcium at high concentrations, which competed with other pollutants for the adsorption sites of the adsorbent. Keywords: alkylphenols; adsorption; cyclodextrin; metals; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Introduction Although considerable efforts have been made by the industrial sector over the last 30

• their own treatment plants, generally physicochemical decontamination steps, the DWs still contain non-negligible amounts of pollutants. Among them, metals (in particular chromium, nickel and zinc) are commonly found at concentrations in the range of milligrams per liter, and organic molecules, such as

Superstructures with cyclodextrins: chemistry and applications III

• Gerhard Wenz and
• Eric Monflier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 937–938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.91

• styrene from ethylbenzene [3][4]. Highly porous networks were synthesized by crosslinking β-CD with tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile. These networks were able to almost completely remove pollutants (e.g., bisphenol A) within a short time from wastewater [5]. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles were assembled by

Enabling technologies and green processes in cyclodextrin chemistry

• Giancarlo Cravotto,
• Marina Caporaso,
• Laszlo Jicsinszky and
• Katia Martina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 278–294, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.30

• (GO) by MW irradiation (450 W) at different temperatures ranging from 50 to 100 °C for 10, 30, 60 and 90 min. After reduction with hydrazine hydrate, this HP-β-CD-RGO modified glassy carbon electrode showed good results in supramolecular recognition a set of six different phenolic organic pollutants

A journey in bioinspired supramolecular chemistry: from molecular tweezers to small molecules that target myotonic dystrophy

• Steven C. Zimmerman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 125–138, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.14

• complexing more structurally challenging organic guests such as nucleobases. We quickly discovered that in chloroform solution, 4 and its analogs could bind nitrated aromatic compounds, such as 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone. Nitrated polycyclic aromatics and polynitrated fluorenones were known pollutants so Kurt

Polydisperse methyl β-cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin polymers: variable contact time ¹³C CP-MAS solid-state NMR characterization

• Isabelle Mallard,
• Davy Baudelet,
• Franca Castiglione,
• Monica Ferro,
• Walter Panzeri,
• Enzio Ragg and
• Andrea Mele

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2785–2794, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.299

• remove organic pollutants [6][11][12][13] and heavy metals [14] from water. The most efficient method for the synthesis of insoluble polymers is to use di- or polyfunctional linkers with monomers of cyclodextrins. Different effective crosslinkers have been reported in the literature such as

• application as selective sorbent for aromatic pollutants necessarily passes through the assessment of the effect of the imprinting process on the polymeric structure. The CP-MAS NMR spectra showed that the three polymers share the same chemical structure, as no apparent chemical shift and line-shape

Preparative semiconductor photoredox catalysis: An emerging theme in organic synthesis

• David W. Manley and
• John C. Walton

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1570–1582, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.173

• reductions and protonations. The ROS generated in these ways oxidize any organic components or pollutants, by well-known oxidation and autoxidation processes, eventually leading to complete mineralization with production of CO2, water and mineral acids. Research in this area has been extensive [17] and as a

• result many different classes of organic (and inorganic) pollutants have been shown to undergo photodegradation. Degradative applications of TiO2 semiconductor photoredox catalysis (SCPC) have become important measures for environmental remediation. Organic and inorganic pollutants present in water, soil

New palladium–oxazoline complexes: Synthesis and evaluation of the optical properties and the catalytic power during the oxidation of textile dyes

• Rym Hassani,
• Mahjoub Jabli,
• Yakdhane Kacem,
• Jérôme Marrot,
• Damien Prim and
• Béchir Ben Hassine

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1175–1186, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.132

• strategy for the degradation of other organic pollutants. Experimental Analytical methods Unless otherwise noted, all starting materials were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without purification. NMR spectra were recorded on a 300 MHz and 200 MHz Bruker spectrometer. Chemical shifts were

Removal of volatile organic compounds using amphiphilic cyclodextrin-coated polypropylene

• Ludmilla Lumholdt,
• Sophie Fourmentin,
• Thorbjørn T. Nielsen and
• Kim L. Larsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2743–2750, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.290

• , F-59140 Dunkerque, France 10.3762/bjoc.10.290 Abstract Polypropylene nonwovens were functionalised using a self-assembled, amphiphilic cyclodextrin coating and the potential for water purification by removal of pollutants was studied. As benzene is one of the problematic compounds in the Water

• Framework Directive, six volatile organic compounds (benzene and five benzene-based substances) were chosen as model compounds. The compounds were tested as a mixture in order to provide a more realistic situation since the wastewater will be a complex mixture containing multiple pollutants. The volatile

• study, it is shown how this coat technique can be used to functionalise a polypropylene (PP) filter to create a filtration membrane with a large capacity for uptake of pollutants using six different ACD derivatives. As benzene is one of the priority substances in the Water Framework Directive, benzene

An integrated photocatalytic/enzymatic system for the reduction of CO₂ to methanol in bioglycerol–water

• Michele Aresta,
• Angela Dibenedetto,
• Tomasz Baran,
• Antonella Angelini,
• Przemysław Łabuz and
• Wojciech Macyk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2556–2565, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.267

• photodegradation of environmental pollutants [8][9]. Most interesting is that photocatalysis may play a relevant role in the conversion of large quantities of CO2 into fuel by using water or waste organics as the hydrogen source [7][10][11]. Therefore, integrated photochemical CO2 reduction/organic oxidation and