Search for "poly(ADP-ribose)" in Full Text gives 10 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2103–2172, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.165
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: C2–C6 biobased carbonyl building blocks.
Scheme 1: Proposed (2 + 2) route to glycolaldehyde and glycolic acid from erythritol by Cu/AC catalyst (AC = ...
Scheme 2: Reductive amination of GCA.
Scheme 3: N-Formylation of secondary amines by reaction with GCA.
Scheme 4: Synthesis and conversion of hydroxy acetals to cyclic acetals.
Scheme 5: Synthesis of 3-(indol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrofurans via three-component reaction of glycolaldehyde, indol...
Scheme 6: BiCl3-catalyzed synthesis of benzo[a]carbazoles from 2-arylindoles and α-bromoacetaldehyde ethylene...
Scheme 7: Cu/NCNSs-based conversion of glycerol to glycolic acid and other short biobased acids.
Scheme 8: E. coli-based biotransformation of C1 source molecules (CH4, CO2 and CO) towards C2 glycolic acid.
Scheme 9: N-Formylation of amines with C2 (a) or C3 (b) biomass-based feedstocks.
Scheme 10: Methods for the formation of propanoic acid (PA) from lactic acid (LA).
Scheme 11: Co-polymerization of biobased lactic acid and glycolic acid via a bicatalytic process.
Scheme 12: Oxidation of α-hydroxy acids by tetrachloroaurate(III) in acetic acid–sodium acetate buffer medium.
Figure 2: Selective catalytic pathways for the conversion of lactic acid (LA).
Scheme 13: Synthesis of 1,3-PDO via cross-aldol reaction between formaldehyde and acetaldehyde to 3-hydroxypro...
Scheme 14: Hydrothermal conversion of 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propane and 2,3-dihydroxypropanal to methylglyoxal.
Scheme 15: FLS-catalyzed formose reaction to synthesize GA and DHA.
Scheme 16: GCA and DHA oxidation products of glycerol and isomerization of GCA to DHA under flow conditions us...
Scheme 17: Acid-catalyzed reactions of DHA with alcohols.
Scheme 18: Synthesis of dihydroxyacetone phosphate from dihydroxyacetone.
Scheme 19: Bifunctional acid–base catalyst DHA conversion into lactic acid via pyruvaldehyde or fructose forma...
Scheme 20: Catalytic one-pot synthesis of GA and co-synthesis of formamides and formates from DHA.
Scheme 21: (a) Synthesis of furan derivatives and (b) synthesis of thiophene derivative by cascade [3 + 2] ann...
Scheme 22: Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyzed synthesis of benzo[a]carbazole from renewable acetol and 2-p...
Scheme 23: Asymmetric hydrogenation of α-hydroxy ketones to 1,2-diols.
Scheme 24: Synthesis of novel 6-(substituted benzylidene)-2-methylthiazolo [2,3-b]oxazol-5(6H)-one from 1-hydr...
Scheme 25: ʟ-Proline-catalyzed synthesis of anti-diols from hydroxyacetone and aldehydes.
Scheme 26: C–C-bond-formation reactions of a biomass-based feedstock aromatic aldehyde (C5) and hydroxyacetone...
Scheme 27: Ethanol upgrading to C4 bulk chemicals via the thiamine (VB1)-catalyzed acetoin condensation.
Scheme 28: One-pot sequential chemoenzymatic synthesis of 2-aminobutane-1,4-diol and 1,2,4-butanetriol via 1,4...
Scheme 29: Synthesis of 1,4-dihydroxybutan-2-one by microbial transformation.
Scheme 30: Conversion of polyols by [neocuproine)Pd(OAc)]2(OTf)2] to α-hydroxy ketones.
Scheme 31: Chemoselective oxidation of alcohols with chiral palladium-based catalyst 2.
Scheme 32: Electrochemical transformation of furfural to 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (HFO).
Scheme 33: Selective hydrodeoxygenation of HFO and oxidation to γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
Scheme 34: Photosensitized oxygenation of furan towards HFO via ozonide intermediates.
Scheme 35: Conversion of furfural to HFO and MAN by using mesoporous carbon nitride (SGCN) as photocatalyst.
Scheme 36: Synthesis of HFO from furan derivatives.
Scheme 37: Photooxidation of furfural to 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (HFO).
Scheme 38: Synthesis of Friedel–Crafts indole adduct from HFO.
Scheme 39: Conversion of HFO to α,γ-substituted chiral γ-lactones.
Scheme 40: Tautomeric transformation of HFO to formylacrylic acid.
Scheme 41: Hydrolysis of HFO to succinic acid in aqueous solution.
Scheme 42: Substitution and condensation reactions of 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (HFO).
Scheme 43: (a) Conversion of HFO towards valuable C4 chemicals and (b) anodic oxidation of 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-fur...
Figure 3: Conversion of HFO towards other natural and synthetic substances.
Scheme 44: Conversion of furfural to maleic anhydride (reaction a: VOx/Al2O3; reaction b: VPO).
Scheme 45: Conversion of furfural into succinic acid.
Scheme 46: Electro‑, photo‑, and biocatalysis for one-pot selective conversions of furfural into C4 chemicals.
Scheme 47: Production route of furfural from hemicellulose.
Scheme 48: Mechanism for xylose dehydration to furfural through a choline xyloside intermediate.
Scheme 49: Conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and its derivatives.
Scheme 50: Conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and 3-(2-furyl)acrolein.
Scheme 51: The aerobic oxidative condensation of biomass-derived furfural and linear alcohols.
Scheme 52: The single-step synthesis of 2-pentanone from furfural.
Scheme 53: Electrocatalytic coupling reaction of furfural and levulinic acid.
Scheme 54: Conversion of furfural to m-xylylenediamine.
Scheme 55: Conversion of furfural to tetrahydrofuran-derived amines.
Scheme 56: Formation of trans-4,5-diamino-cyclopent-2-enones from furfural.
Scheme 57: Production of pyrrole and proline from furfural.
Scheme 58: Synthesis of 1‑(trifluoromethyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-ones from furfural.
Scheme 59: Conversion of furfural to furfural-derived diacids.
Scheme 60: A telescope protocol derived from furfural and glycerol.
Scheme 61: A tandem cyclization of furfural and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione.
Scheme 62: A Ugi four-component reaction to construct furfural-based polyamides.
Scheme 63: One-pot synthesis of γ-acyloxy-Cy7 from furfural.
Scheme 64: Dimerization–Piancatelli sequence toward humins precursors from furfural.
Scheme 65: Conversion of furfural to CPN.
Scheme 66: Synthesis of jet fuels range cycloalkanes from CPN and lignin-derived vanillin.
Scheme 67: Solar-energy-driven synthesis of high-density biofuels from CPN.
Scheme 68: Reductive amination of CPN to cyclopentylamine.
Scheme 69: Asymmetric hydrogenation of C=O bonds of exocyclic α,β-unsaturated cyclopentanones.
Scheme 70: Preparation of levulinic acid via the C5 route (route a) or C6 route (routes b1 and b2).
Scheme 71: Mechanism of the rehydration of HMF to levulinic acid and formic acid.
Scheme 72: Important levulinic acid-derived chemicals.
Scheme 73: Direct conversion of levulinic acid to pentanoic acid.
Scheme 74: Catalytic aerobic oxidation of levulinic acid to citramalic acid.
Scheme 75: Conversion of levulinic acid to 1,4-pentanediol (a) see ref. [236]; b) see ref. [237]; c) see ref. [238]; d) see r...
Scheme 76: Selective production of 2-butanol through hydrogenolysis of levulinic acid.
Scheme 77: General reaction pathways proposed for the formation of 5MPs from levulinic acid.
Scheme 78: Selective reductive amination of levulinic acid to N-substituted pyrroles.
Scheme 79: Reductive amination of levulinic acid to chiral pyrrolidinone.
Scheme 80: Reductive amination of levulinic acid to non-natural chiral γ-amino acid.
Scheme 81: Nitrogen-containing chemicals derived from levulinic acid.
Scheme 82: Preparation of GVL from levulinic acid by dehydration and hydrogenation.
Scheme 83: Ruthenium-catalyzed levulinic acid to chiral γ-valerolactone.
Scheme 84: Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of levulinic acid to chiral GVL.
Scheme 85: Three steps synthesis of ε-caprolactam from GVL.
Scheme 86: Multistep synthesis of nylon 6,6 from GVL.
Scheme 87: Preparation of MeGVL by α-alkylation of GVL.
Scheme 88: Ring-opening polymerization of five-membered lactones.
Scheme 89: Synthesis of GVL-based ionic liquids.
Scheme 90: Preparation of butene isomers from GVL under Lewis acid conditions.
Scheme 91: Construction of C5–C12 fuels from GVL over nano-HZSM-5 catalysts.
Scheme 92: Preparation of alkyl valerate from GVL via ring opening/reduction/esterification sequence.
Scheme 93: Construction of 4-acyloxypentanoic acids from GVL.
Scheme 94: Synthesis of 1,4-pentanediol (PDO) from GVL.
Scheme 95: Construction of novel cyclic hemiketal platforms via self-Claisen condensation of GVL.
Scheme 96: Copper-catalyzed lactamization of GVL.
Figure 4: Main scaffolds obtained from HMF.
Scheme 97: Biginelli reactions towards HMF-containing dihydropyrimidinones.
Scheme 98: Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis involving HMF.
Scheme 99: The Kabachnik–Fields reaction involving HMF.
Scheme 100: Construction of oxazolidinone from HMF.
Scheme 101: Construction of rhodamine-furan hybrids from HMF.
Scheme 102: A Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction involving HMF.
Scheme 103: HMF-containing benzodiazepines by [4 + 2 + 1] cycloadditions.
Scheme 104: Synthesis of fluorinated analogues of α-aryl ketones.
Scheme 105: Synthesis of HMF derived disubstituted γ-butyrolactone.
Scheme 106: Functionalized aromatics from furfural and HMF.
Scheme 107: Diels–Alder adducts from HMF or furfural with N-methylmaleimide.
Scheme 108: Pathway of the one-pot conversion of HMF into phthalic anhydride.
Scheme 109: Photocatalyzed preparation of humins (L-H) from HMF mixed with spoiled HMF residues (LMW-H) and fur...
Scheme 110: Asymmetric dipolar cycloadditions on HMF.
Scheme 111: Dipolar cycloadditions of HMF based nitrones to 3,4- and 3,5-substituted isoxazolidines.
Scheme 112: Production of δ-lactone-fused cyclopenten-2-ones from HMF.
Scheme 113: Aza-Piancatelli access to aza-spirocycles from HMF-derived intermediates.
Scheme 114: Cross-condensation of furfural, acetone and HMF into C13, C14 and C15 products.
Scheme 115: Base-catalyzed aldol condensation/dehydration sequences from HMF.
Scheme 116: Condensation of HMF and active methylene nitrile.
Scheme 117: MBH reactions involving HMF.
Scheme 118: Synthesis of HMF-derived ionic liquids.
Scheme 119: Reductive amination/enzymatic acylation sequence towards HMF-based surfactants.
Scheme 120: The formation of 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF).
Scheme 121: Conversion of CMF to HMF, levulinic acid, and alkyl levulinates.
Scheme 122: Conversion of CMF to CMFCC and FDCC.
Scheme 123: Conversion of CMF to BHMF.
Scheme 124: Conversion of CMF to DMF.
Scheme 125: CMF chlorine atom substitutions toward HMF ethers and esters.
Scheme 126: Introduction of carbon nucleophiles in CMF.
Scheme 127: NHC-catalyzed remote enantioselective Mannich-type reactions of CMF.
Scheme 128: Conversion of CMF to promising biomass-derived dyes.
Scheme 129: Radical transformation of CMF with styrenes.
Scheme 130: Synthesis of natural herbicide δ-aminolevulinic acid from CMF.
Scheme 131: Four step synthesis of the drug ranitidine from CMF.
Scheme 132: Pd/CO2 cooperative catalysis for the production of HHD and HXD.
Scheme 133: Different ruthenium (Ru) catalysts for the ring-opening of 5-HMF to HHD.
Scheme 134: Proposed pathways for preparing HXD from HMF.
Scheme 135: MCP formation and uses.
Scheme 136: Cu(I)-catalyzed highly selective oxidation of HHD to 2,5-dioxohexanal.
Scheme 137: Synthesis of N‑substituted 3‑hydroxypyridinium salts from 2,5-dioxohexanal.
Scheme 138: Ru catalyzed hydrogenations of HHD to 1,2,5-hexanetriol (a) see ref. [396]; b) see ref. [397]).
Scheme 139: Aviation fuel range quadricyclanes produced by HXD.
Scheme 140: Synthesis of HDGK from HXD and glycerol as a chain extender.
Scheme 141: Synthesis of serinol pyrrole from HXD and serinol.
Scheme 142: Synthesis of pyrroles from HXD and nitroarenes.
Scheme 143: Two-step production of PX from cellulose via HXD.
Scheme 144: Preparation of HCPN from HMF via hydrogenation and ring rearrangement.
Scheme 145: Suggested pathways from HMF to HCPN.
Scheme 146: α-Alkylation of HCPN with ethylene gas.
Scheme 147: Synthesis of 3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentylamine from HMF via reductive amination of HCPN.
Scheme 148: Production of LGO and Cyrene® from biomass.
Scheme 149: Synthesis of HBO from LGO and other applications.
Scheme 150: Construction of m-Cyrene® homopolymer.
Scheme 151: Conversion of Cyrene® to THFDM and 1,6-hexanediol.
Scheme 152: RAFT co-polymerization of LGO and butadienes.
Scheme 153: Polycondensation of HO-LGOL and diols with dimethyl adipate.
Scheme 154: Self-condensation of Cyrene® and Claisen–Schmidt reactions.
Scheme 155: Synthesis of 5-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran from Cyrene®.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 407–411, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.28
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: The structures of veliparib and iVeliparib-AP6.
Scheme 1: The synthetic route for iVeliparib-AP6.
Figure 2: Identification of the cryptic impurity of iVeliparib. The UV trace of the initially purified iVelip...
Figure 3: The structures of 6 and 7 and the MS ion extraction traces of 3, 4, 6, and 7 from HPLC analysis of ...
Scheme 2: The conversion of byproduct 6 to 10 to facilitate its removal.
Figure 4: The LUMO and electrostatic charges of thalidomide and its derivatives by DFT calculation at the ωB9...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2787–2794, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.189
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazoline derivatives – analogs of vasicinone alkaloids and their biological activi...
Scheme 1: Synthetic approaches to 2,3-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazolin-5(1H)-one derivatives.
Scheme 2: Plausible mechanism for the formation of 6.
Figure 2: X-ray crystal structure of compound 6f.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1849–1938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.126
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Schematic overview of transition metals studied in C–H activation processes.
Scheme 2: (A) Known biological activities related to benzimidazole-based compounds; (B and C) an example of a...
Scheme 3: (A) Known biological activities related to quinoline-based compounds; (B and C) an example of a sca...
Scheme 4: (A) Known biological activities related to sulfur-containing compounds; (B and C) an example of a s...
Scheme 5: (A) Known biological activities related to aminoindane derivatives; (B and C) an example of a scand...
Scheme 6: (A) Known biological activities related to norbornane derivatives; (B and C) an example of a scandi...
Scheme 7: (A) Known biological activities related to aniline derivatives; (B and C) an example of a titanium-...
Scheme 8: (A) Known biological activities related to cyclohexylamine derivatives; (B) an example of an intram...
Scheme 9: (A) Known biologically active benzophenone derivatives; (B and C) photocatalytic oxidation of benzy...
Scheme 10: (A) Known bioactive fluorine-containing compounds; (B and C) vanadium-mediated C(sp3)–H fluorinatio...
Scheme 11: (A) Known biologically active Lythraceae alkaloids; (B) synthesis of (±)-decinine (30).
Scheme 12: (A) Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-boehmeriasin (31); (B) synthesis of phenanthroindolizidines by vanadi...
Scheme 13: (A) Known bioactive BINOL derivatives; (B and C) vanadium-mediated oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol...
Scheme 14: (A) Known antiplasmodial imidazopyridazines; (B) practical synthesis of 41.
Scheme 15: (A) Gold-catalyzed drug-release mechanism using 2-alkynylbenzamides; (B and C) chromium-mediated al...
Scheme 16: (A) Examples of anti-inflammatory benzaldehyde derivatives; (B and C) chromium-mediated difunctiona...
Scheme 17: (A and B) Manganese-catalyzed chemoselective intramolecular C(sp3)–H amination; (C) late-stage modi...
Scheme 18: (A and B) Manganese-catalyzed C(sp3)–H amination; (C) late-stage modification of a leelamine deriva...
Scheme 19: (A) Known bioactive compounds containing substituted N-heterocycles; (B and C) manganese-catalyzed ...
Scheme 20: (A) Known indoles that present GPR40 full agonist activity; (B and C) manganese-catalyzed C–H alkyl...
Scheme 21: (A) Examples of known biaryl-containing drugs; (B and C) manganese-catalyzed C–H arylation through ...
Scheme 22: (A) Known zidovudine derivatives with potent anti-HIV properties; (B and C) manganese-catalyzed C–H...
Scheme 23: (A and B) Manganese-catalyzed C–H organic photo-electrosynthesis; (C) late-stage modification.
Scheme 24: (A) Example of a known antibacterial silylated dendrimer; (B and C) manganese-catalyzed C–H silylat...
Scheme 25: (A and B) Fe-based small molecule catalyst applied for selective aliphatic C–H oxidations; (C) late...
Scheme 26: (A) Examples of naturally occurring gracilioethers; (B) the first total synthesis of gracilioether ...
Scheme 27: (A and B) Selective aliphatic C–H oxidation of amino acids; (C) late-stage modification of proline-...
Scheme 28: (A) Examples of Illicium sesquiterpenes; (B) first chemical synthesis of (+)-pseudoanisatin (80) in...
Scheme 29: (A and B) Fe-catalyzed deuteration; (C) late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals.
Scheme 30: (A and B) Biomimetic Fe-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of methylarenes to benzaldehydes (PMHS, polymet...
Scheme 31: (A) Known tetrahydroquinolines with potential biological activities; (B and C) redox-selective Fe c...
Scheme 32: (A) Known drugs containing a benzofuran unit; (B and C) Fe/Cu-catalyzed tandem O-arylation to acces...
Scheme 33: (A) Known azaindolines that act as M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonists; (B and C) intramo...
Scheme 34: (A) Known indolinones with anticholinesterase activity; (B and C) oxidative C(sp3)–H cross coupling...
Scheme 35: (A and B) Cobalt-catalyzed C–H alkenylation of C-3-peptide-containing indoles; (C) derivatization b...
Scheme 36: (A) Cobalt-Cp*-catalyzed C–H methylation of known drugs; (B and C) scope of the o-methylated deriva...
Scheme 37: (A) Known lasalocid A analogues; (B and C) three-component cobalt-catalyzed C–H bond addition; (D) ...
Scheme 38: (A and B) Cobalt-catalyzed C(sp2)–H amidation of thiostrepton.
Scheme 39: (A) Known 4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one derivatives with hypolipidemic activity; (B and C) cobalt-ca...
Scheme 40: (A and B) Cobalt-catalyzed C–H arylation of pyrrole derivatives; (C) application for the synthesis ...
Scheme 41: (A) Known 2-phenoxypyridine derivatives with potent herbicidal activity; (B and C) cobalt-catalyzed...
Scheme 42: (A) Natural cinnamic acid derivatives; (B and C) cobalt-catalyzed C–H carboxylation of terminal alk...
Scheme 43: (A and B) Cobalt-catalyzed C–H borylation; (C) application to the synthesis of flurbiprofen.
Scheme 44: (A) Benzothiazoles known to present anticonvulsant activities; (B and C) cobalt/ruthenium-catalyzed...
Scheme 45: (A and B) Cobalt-catalyzed oxygenation of methylene groups towards ketone synthesis; (C) synthesis ...
Scheme 46: (A) Known anticancer tetralone derivatives; (B and C) cobalt-catalyzed C–H difluoroalkylation of ar...
Scheme 47: (A and B) Cobalt-catalyzed C–H thiolation; (C) application in the synthesis of quetiapine (153).
Scheme 48: (A) Known benzoxazole derivatives with anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial activities; (B and...
Scheme 49: (A and B) Cobalt-catalyzed C–H carbonylation of naphthylamides; (C) BET inhibitors 158 and 159 tota...
Scheme 50: (A) Known bioactive pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-one derivatives; (B and C) cobalt-catalyzed C–H ...
Scheme 51: (A) Known antibacterial cyclic sulfonamides; (B and C) cobalt-catalyzed C–H amination of propargyli...
Scheme 52: (A and B) Cobalt-catalyzed intramolecular 1,5-C(sp3)–H amination; (C) late-stage functionalization ...
Scheme 53: (A and B) Cobalt-catalyzed C–H/C–H cross-coupling between benzamides and oximes; (C) late-state syn...
Scheme 54: (A) Known anticancer natural isoquinoline derivatives; (B and C) cobalt-catalyzed C(sp2)–H annulati...
Scheme 55: (A) Enantioselective intramolecular nickel-catalyzed C–H activation; (B) bioactive obtained motifs;...
Scheme 56: (A and B) Nickel-catalyzed α-C(sp3)–H arylation of ketones; (C) application of the method using kno...
Scheme 57: (A and B) Nickel-catalyzed C(sp3)–H acylation of pyrrolidine derivatives; (C) exploring the use of ...
Scheme 58: (A) Nickel-catalyzed C(sp3)–H arylation of dioxolane; (B) library of products obtained from biologi...
Scheme 59: (A) Intramolecular enantioselective nickel-catalyzed C–H cycloalkylation; (B) product examples, inc...
Scheme 60: (A and B) Nickel-catalyzed C–H deoxy-arylation of azole derivatives; (C) late-stage functionalizati...
Scheme 61: (A and B) Nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative C–H arylation of azole derivatives; (C) application of t...
Scheme 62: (A and B) Another important example of nickel-catalyzed C–H arylation of azole derivatives; (C) app...
Scheme 63: (A and B) Another notable example of a nickel-catalyzed C–H arylation of azole derivatives; (C) lat...
Scheme 64: (A and B) Nickel-based metalorganic framework (MOF-74-Ni)-catalyzed C–H arylation of azole derivati...
Scheme 65: (A) Known commercially available benzothiophene-based drugs; (B and C) nickel-catalyzed C–H arylati...
Scheme 66: (A) Known natural tetrahydrofuran-containing substances; (B and C) nickel-catalyzed photoredox C(sp3...
Scheme 67: (A and B) Another notable example of a nickel-catalyzed photoredox C(sp3)–H alkylation/arylation; (...
Scheme 68: (A) Electrochemical/nickel-catalyzed C–H alkoxylation; (B) achieved scope, including three using na...
Scheme 69: (A) Enantioselective photoredox/nickel catalyzed C(sp3)–H arylation; (B) achieved scope, including ...
Scheme 70: (A) Known commercially available trifluoromethylated drugs; (B and C) nickel-catalyzed C–H trifluor...
Scheme 71: (A and B) Stereoselective nickel-catalyzed C–H difluoroalkylation; (C) late-stage functionalization...
Scheme 72: (A) Cu-mediated ortho-amination of oxalamides; (B) achieved scope, including derivatives obtained f...
Scheme 73: (A) Electro-oxidative copper-mediated amination of 8-aminoquinoline-derived amides; (B) achieved sc...
Scheme 74: (A and B) Cu(I)-mediated C–H amination with oximes; (C) derivatization using telmisartan (241) as s...
Scheme 75: (A and B) Cu-mediated amination of aryl amides using ammonia; (C) late-stage modification of proben...
Scheme 76: (A and B) Synthesis of purine nucleoside analogues using copper-mediated C(sp2)–H activation.
Scheme 77: (A) Copper-mediated annulation of acrylamide; (B) achieved scope, including the synthesis of the co...
Scheme 78: (A) Known bioactive compounds containing a naphthyl aryl ether motif; (B and C) copper-mediated eth...
Scheme 79: (A and B) Cu-mediated alkylation of N-oxide-heteroarenes; (C) late-stage modification.
Scheme 80: (A) Cu-mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling of polyfluoroarenes and alkanes; (B) scope from know...
Scheme 81: (A) Known anticancer acrylonitrile compounds; (B and C) Copper-mediated cyanation of unactivated al...
Scheme 82: (A) Cu-mediated radiofluorination of 8-aminoquinoline-derived aryl amides; (B) achieved scope, incl...
Scheme 83: (A) Examples of natural β-carbolines; (B and C) an example of a zinc-catalyzed C–H functionalizatio...
Scheme 84: (A) Examples of anticancer α-aminophosphonic acid derivatives; (B and C) an example of a zinc-catal...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1734–1742, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.147
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Quinoxaline-based 6/6/6-angularly fused scaffolds and respective examples of biologically active co...
Figure 2: Synthetic routes towards the pyrimido[1,6-a]quinoxaline scaffold.
Figure 3: Acyl(quinoxalin-2-yl)ketene.
Scheme 1: Thermolysis of five-membered 2,3-dioxoheterocycles resulting in acyl(quinoxalin-2-yl)ketenes.
Figure 4: STA plot of thermolysis of PQT 1a. Blue solid curve: DSC; green solid curve: TG; greed dashed curve...
Scheme 2: Side-reactions concurring with intermolecular trapping of ketene generated from PQT 1a by benzalani...
Figure 5: Scope of the intermolecular trapping of ketenes generated from PQTs 1a–h by Schiff bases 2a–d under...
Scheme 3: Formation of furoquinoxalines 6a,b via intramolecular cyclization in ketenes generated from PQTs 1g,...
Figure 6: ORTEP drawing of compound 3g (CCDC 1834011) showing thermal ellipsoids at the 30% probability level....
Figure 7: ORTEP drawing of compound 3j (CCDC 1834012) showing thermal ellipsoids at the 30% probability level....
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 520–542, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.51
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Microreactor technologies and flow chemistry for a sustainable chemistry.
Scheme 1: A flow microreactor system for the generation and trapping of highly unstable carbamoyllithium spec...
Scheme 2: Flow synthesis of functionalized α-ketoamides.
Scheme 3: Reactions of benzyllithiums.
Scheme 4: Trapping of benzyllithiums bearing carbonyl groups enabled by a flow microreactor. (Adapted with pe...
Scheme 5: External trapping of chloromethyllithium in a flow microreactor system.
Scheme 6: Scope for the direct tert-butoxycarbonylation using a flow microreactor system.
Scheme 7: Control of anionic Fries rearrangement reactions by using submillisecond residence time. (Adapted w...
Figure 2: Chip microreactor (CMR) fabricated with six layers of polyimide films. (Reproduced with permission ...
Scheme 8: Flow microreactor system for lithiation, borylation, Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and selected examples ...
Scheme 9: Experimental setup for the flow synthesis of 2-fluorobi(hetero)aryls by directed lithiation, zincat...
Scheme 10: Experimental setup for the coupling of fluoro-substituted pyridines. (Adapted with permission from [53]...
Scheme 11: Continuous flow process setup for the preparation of 11 (Reproduced with permission from [54], copyrigh...
Scheme 12: Continuous-flow photocatalytic oxidation of thiols to disulfides.
Scheme 13: Trifluoromethylation by continuous-flow photoredox catalysis.
Scheme 14: Flow photochemical synthesis of 6(5H)-phenanthridiones from 2-chlorobenzamides.
Scheme 15: Synthesis of biaryls 14a–g under photochemical flow conditions.
Scheme 16: Flow oxidation of hydrazones to diazo compounds.
Scheme 17: Synthetic use of flow-generated diazo compounds.
Scheme 18: Ley’s flow approach for the generation of diazo compounds.
Scheme 19: Iterative strategy for the sequential coupling of diazo compounds.
Scheme 20: Integrated synthesis of Bakuchiol precursor via flow-generated diazo compounds.
Scheme 21: Kappe’s continuous-flow reduction of olefines with diimide.
Scheme 22: Multi-injection setup for the reduction of artemisinic acid.
Scheme 23: Flow reactor system for multistep synthesis of (S)-rolipram. Pumps are labelled a, b, c, d and e; L...
Figure 3: Reconfigurable modules and flowcharts for API synthesis. (Reproduced with permission from [85], copyrig...
Figure 4: Reconfigurable system for continuous production and formulation of APIs. (Reproduced with permissio...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 495–501, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.49
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: NAD+ is used as a substrate by ARTDs to form MARylated and PARylated proteins. Depicted are alkyne-...
Figure 2: Workflow of the ADP-ribosylation assay. The protein of interest (POI) is ADP-ribosylated by the res...
Figure 3: SDS PAGE analysis of ADP-ribosylation of histone H1.2 with ARTD1, ARTD2, ARTD5 and ARTD6 using NAD+...
Figure 4: SDS PAGE analysis of ADP-ribosylation of histone H1.2 with ARTD2, ARTD5 and ARTD 6 using NAD+ analo...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1624–1631, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.177
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Representative structures of biologically important phthalazin-1(2H)-ones.
Scheme 1: The construction of phthalazin-1(2H)-one scaffold via C–H activation.
Scheme 2: Copper-mediated reaction of ethynylbenzene with carboxylic acid derivatives. Reaction conditions: 1...
Scheme 3: Copper-mediated reaction of N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamide with terminal alkynes. Reaction conditions: ...
Scheme 4: Hydrazinolysis and removal of the directing group.
Scheme 5: Plausible reaction mechanism.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1290–1298, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.130
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of TETs 1 and 2 and TATs 3 and 4.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of triptycenetripropiolic acid (TPA) 5 and 6.
Scheme 3: Synthesis of triphosphinotriptycenes (TPT) 7 and 8.
Figure 1: Nuclease activities of the triptycene derivatives 1–8. Agarose gel (top) shows results of the incub...
Figure 2: Effect of triptycene derivatives on the restriction endonuclease activity of HindIII and BamHI enzy...
Figure 3: (A) Oligomer duplex sequence that was used to study the effect of triptycene derivatives on the aba...
Figure 4: UV–vis spectra showing the hyperchromic effect after addition of ctDNA (20 μM) to 5 and 6 (80 μM).
Figure 5: UV–vis absorption spectra of (A) 2,6,14-trisubstituted triptycene derivatives 1, 3, 5 and 7 in DMSO...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 11, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-11
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of triazoloquinazolinones 4a-d via microwave irradiation.
Scheme 2: Oxidation of tetrahydrotriazoloquinazolinones.
Scheme 3: Synthesis of benzimidazoquinazolinones 8a-e via microwave irradiation.