Quinoxaline derivatives as attractive electron-transporting materials

• Zeeshan Abid,
• Liaqat Ali,
• Sughra Gulzar,
• Faiza Wahad,
• Raja Shahid Ashraf and
• Christian B. Nielsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1694–1712, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.124

• transfer and increased conjugation when acting as efficient π-bridge. Krishna et al. demonstrated the significance of Qx derivatives, 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline (DPQ), and 2,3-di(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline as auxiliary acceptors by effectively improving the electron injection process in Qx32 and Qx33 (Figure 5

Styryl-based new organic chromophores bearing free amino and azomethine groups: synthesis, photophysical, NLO, and thermal properties

• Anka Utama Putra,
• Deniz Çakmaz,
• Nurgül Seferoğlu,
• Alberto Barsella and
• Zeynel Seferoğlu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2282–2296, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.189

• materials. Nowadays, organic NLO materials bearing strong donor–acceptor groups with a π-bridge have shown extensive usages in signal processing, optical storage, and telecommunication devices [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The flexibility to change electron-donor and acceptor groups in the molecules allows to

Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of pyridine, pyrazine and triazine-based (D–π–)₂A fluorescent dyes

• Keiichi Imato,
• Toshiaki Enoki,
• Koji Uenaka and
• Yousuke Ooyama

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1712–1721, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.167

• also by the electronic characteristics of the π bridge. Consequently, the D–π–A dyes are of considerable practical concern as a useful fluorescence sensor for cation, anion and neural species [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], an efficient emitter for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) [15][16][17

Recent advances on organic blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)

• Thanh-Tuân Bui,
• Fabrice Goubard,
• Malika Ibrahim-Ouali,
• Didier Gigmes and
• Frédéric Dumur

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 282–308, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.18

• -phenoxaborin unit or the dimesitylphenylboron moiety to the 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine part through a phenylene bridge substituted at the 1,4-positions. By mean of steric repulsions occurring between the hydrogen atoms of the aromatic π-bridge and those of the neighbouring electron-donating and

Molecular-level architectural design using benzothiadiazole-based polymers for photovoltaic applications

• Vinila N. Viswanathan,
• Arun D. Rao,
• Upendra K. Pandey,
• Arul Varman Kesavan and
• Praveen C. Ramamurthy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 863–873, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.87

• between the units was also observed for the fluorinated polymer P2 due to the enhanced electrostatic interaction between the fluorine substituents and sulfur atoms, leading to a high hole mobility. The use of a fused π-bridge in polymer P3 for the enhancement of the planarity as compared to the P1

• bridge, a torsion angle of 179° is found between the benzothiadiazole and thienothiophene part. This clearly indicates an increased planarity of the polymer P3 compared to P1 due to the presence of the fused π-bridge. Moreover, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were also

• polymer backbone was further explored by introducing the thienothiophene motif, a fused aromatic π-bridge in polymer P3, resulting in better stacking between aromatic units as compared to polymer P1. A bathochromic shift in the absorption spectra along with a higher hole mobility in the resulting polymer

High performance p-type molecular electron donors for OPV applications via alkylthiophene catenation chromophore extension

• Paul B. Geraghty,
• Calvin Lee,
• Jegadesan Subbiah,
• Wallace W. H. Wong,
• James L. Banal,
• Mohammed A. Jameel,
• Trevor A. Smith and
• David J. Jones

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2298–2314, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.223

• , Melbourne, Australia 10.3762/bjoc.12.223 Abstract The synthesis of key 4-alkyl-substituted 5-(trimethylsilyl)thiophene-2-boronic acid pinacol esters 3 allowed a simplified alkylthiophene catenation process to access bis-, ter-, quater-, and quinquethiophene π-bridges for the synthesis of acceptor–π-bridge

• -donor– π-bridge-acceptor (A–π-D–π-A) electron donor molecules. Based on the known benzodithiophene-terthiophene-rhodanine (BTR) material, the BXR series of materials, BMR (X = M, monothiophene), BBR (X = B, bithiophene), known BTR (X = T, terthiophene), BQR (X = Q, quaterthiophene), and BPR (X = P(penta

• ), quinquethiophene) were synthesised to examine the influence of chromophore extension on the device performance and stability for OPV applications. The BTxR (x = 4, butyl, and x = 8, octyl) series of materials were synthesised by varying the oligothiophene π-bridge alkyl substituent to examine structure–property

Effect of the π-conjugation length on the properties and photovoltaic performance of A–π–D–π–A type oligothiophenes with a 4,8-bis(thienyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene core

• Ni Yin,
• Lilei Wang,
• Yi Lin,
• Jinduo Yi,
• Lingpeng Yan,
• Junyan Dou,
• Hai-Bo Yang,
• Xin Zhao and
• Chang-Qi Ma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1788–1797, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.169

• ; benzodithiophene; π-bridge; chain length effect; organic solar cell; Introduction Solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered to be one of the most promising renewable energy technologies because of the advantages of low cost, lightweight, flexibility, and great potentials in large-scale

• for constructing high-performance A–π–D–π–A-type organic semiconductors for organic solar cells, where A represents the terminal electron acceptor unit, D represents the core electron donor unit, and π represents the conjugated π-bridge [13][14], and a maximum PCE of 9.95% was reported for a

• of the π-bridges. In this respect, oligothiophenes, including monotiophene [16][20], bithiophene [16], terthiophene [8][14][15][17][18][19][21][22][23][26], quaterthiophene and quinquethiophene [27], and cyclopentadithiophene [28] have been utilized as the π-bridge in constructing conjugated

Single-molecule conductance of a chemically modified, π-extended tetrathiafulvalene and its charge-transfer complex with F₄TCNQ

• Raúl García,
• M. Ángeles Herranz,
• Edmund Leary,
• M. Teresa González,
• Gabino Rubio Bollinger,
• Marius Bürkle,
• Linda A. Zotti,
• Yoshihiro Asai,
• Fabian Pauly,
• Juan Carlos Cuevas,
• Nicolás Agraït and
• Nazario Martín

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1068–1078, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.120

• upon oxidation has been skillfully used in a variety of D–π–A systems, namely exTTF–π-bridge–C60 derivatives, for determining the attenuation factor of the molecular wire (oligomer) acting as the π-bridge [20][21][22]. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a new exTTF derivative, suitably

A hybrid electron donor comprising cyclopentadithiophene and dithiafulvenyl for dye-sensitized solar cells

• Gleb Sorohhov,
• Chenyi Yi,
• Michael Grätzel,
• Silvio Decurtins and
• Shi-Xia Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1052–1059, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.118

• -donor (D) and an electron-acceptor (A) unit linked through a π-bridge, leading to a broad and intense optical absorption band in the visible spectral region due to an effective intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from D to A units. To develop high-efficient DSSCs, a variety of organic donors [2][6][7