Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• notably less than the often-cited (and inflated) $1 trillion figure [13][14][15]. This funding has primarily supported fundamental research across materials science, chemistry, physics, and bioengineering. These efforts have led to major scientific advances, mainly in nanoelectronics, nanomedicine

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• pollution MP pollution has emerged into the limelight internationally and has led to many policies and regulations addressing its effects. At the international scale, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has demonstrated significant initiative in the form of deliberations of a Global Plastic

• citizen-led initiatives among others are single-use plastic prohibitions at the local government level and waste management programs. Sikkim took the lead as the first Indian state to prohibit single-use plastics back in 1998, and later Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, and Bhutan followed suit [126]. The

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• effects of the formulation variables. As expected, increasing oil concentration was associated with higher hydrodynamic diameter, PdI, and visual classification scores. In contrast, higher concentrations of the Smix led to reductions in all three response values, indicating microemulsion uniformity and

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• Health and Safety Executive and the UK REACH framework play key roles. In the US, regulation is led by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. For additional perspective, Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has also developed guidelines for nanomaterials

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• stiffness, insufficient sample deformation led to significant variability in modulus measurements (Figure 3b), indicating the ScanAsyst-Air probe was unsuitable for reliable Young’s modulus quantification. Comparative analysis revealed a high degree of similarity in the topography, modulus, and adhesion

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• [11][13]. Since the simulation assumed a frictionless vacuum environment, thermostats like dissipative particle dynamics and Langevin [53][54], which introduce implicit friction, are inherently unsuitable. In particular, Langevin dynamics led to unphysical effects such as loss of spatula jump-to

• the pull-off (loading) phase, the seta top was moved upwards by reversing the direction of the applied displacement, again using 1 nm per load step. This eventually led to detachment of the spatulae from the substrate. The pull-off was continued until all spatulae were outside the interaction range of

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• composition on fiber formation by analyzing the concentrations of the core components and the process flow rate as variables. It was observed that the concentration of NE-βCp in the core had a significant impact on fiber morphology, as illustrated in Figure 2. The presence of NE-βCp led to an increase in the

• achieved when the relative humidity was below 45% [47]. Regarding the NE-βCp concentration, it was evident that values above 2% (Figure 2B) led to the formation of more heterogeneous fibers with a higher density of beads, likely because the increased droplet content hindered proper flow and elongation of

• consistent with those reported by Vidal et al. [68]. The incorporation of an AH core into the PLA nanofibers led to an increase in Tonset to 301.2 C and Tmax to 337.4 °C. Similarly, the addition of the HA+NE core also increased the Tonset to 294.7 °C and the Tmax to 343.6 °C. These results indicate that the

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• solvents including methanol. The authors explained the influence of the methanol environment on the nanomaterial shape by attributing it to chemical reactions between iron and methanol molecules, which resulted in the formation of goethite (FeO(OH)) and subsequently led to nanowire growth: Since iron oxide

• ], where high ligand density led to truncated octahedral PbSe nanostructures, while reduced surface ligand concentration (achieved by washing) resulted in cubic structures. This result shows that addition or removal of surface ligands may result in nanocrystals of different shapes. The length of organic

• -shaping of silver NPs under LED irradiation with wavelengths in the range of 405–720 nm resulted in dodecahedral, plate-, or rod-like nanostructures depending on the wavelength (Figure 7g,h). In principle, the introduction of any other nanoscale inclusions or powders into the liquid would act in a similar

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• -based LNPs formulated with varying DMPE-PEG2k content from 1 to 5 mol %, changes were observed in nanoparticle diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), surface charge, and payload encapsulation efficiency (EE%). Increasing the PEG lipid content led to a reduction in the hydrodynamic diameter of LNPs, with

• fraction of PEG lipids can affect LNP characterizations. In DMPE-PEG5k LNPs, increasing the PEG lipid fraction from 1.5 mol % to 5 mol % resulted in no significant change in particle size but led to a substantial encapsulation efficiency drop from over 90% to below 80%. While in LNPs incorporating Chol-PEG

• prior exposure to PEG-containing products [64]. In a recent study, Liu et al. established mouse models with pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies and demonstrated that PEGylated mRNA-LNP vaccines led to diminished spike protein expression with increased complement activation. Such effects were not observed

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• common control measures [61][62]. Historically, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), in collaboration with Latin American governments, led efforts to eradicate Ae. aegypti in the Americas during the 1950s and 1960s, primarily using dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and other persistent

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• Nguyen Thi Nhan Tran Le Luu Master Program in Water Technology, Reuse and Management, Vietnamese German University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.16.127 Abstract The widespread use of plastic has led to microplastics (MPs) being released in many water sources. MP contamination in water

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• disintegration of rhodamine B using UV light. The experimental results clearly confirmed that silver ion implantation led to a significant reduction in the surface electrical resistance of both GO and PI. Simultaneously, an enhancement of photocatalytic activity was observed, demonstrated by a faster degradation

• of 3.75 × 1012 cm−2 led to a smoothing of the surface, which was reflected by a decrease in RMS to 102 nm and in Ra to 73 nm. At medium fluence of 3.75 × 1014 cm−2, the RMS increased slightly to 121 nm and the Ra to 96 nm, and these changes are not as pronounced as at lower energies. This suggests

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• administration [32]. The ionic interaction between alginate and chitosan, forming smart, pH-sensitive polyelectrolytic nanocomposites [147], recently led Silvestre et al. [99] to encapsulate curcumin within alginate–chitosan NPs. Curcumin, a hydrophobic molecule that degrades rapidly under alkaline conditions

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• researchers have led to the development of a noninvasive esophageal cancer screening method utilizing cfDNA methylation analysis [16]. While this innovation addresses the critical need for population-scale screening in China, its widespread implementation may be constrained by substantial economic costs

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• confirmed efficient surfactant coverage. Further lecithin additions, such as in O/W(L-4%) and O/W(L-5%), led to free micelle formation due to surfactant excess, resulting in smaller droplets but multimodal distributions. Similar results were reported in previous studies that reported the influence of

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• working range of APXPS. Time-resolved APXPS has proven especially powerful for studying the initial ALD cycles, where the chemical interactions at the surface are most critical [54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. At MAX IV, the SPECIES beamline has led the development of ALD studies using APXPS. A dedicated

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• technological development and an interdisciplinary approach have led to the more widespread implementation of these natural products in pharmaceutical research, as they are preferred for their favorable therapeutic efficacy, low adverse effects, and cost-effectiveness compared to synthetic products [43][44][45

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• of photo-induced charge carriers [98]. Tofa et al. [99] studied the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanorods for breaking down LDPE, a common microplastic found in wastewater. Experimental results led to the proposal of a detailed degradation pathway. The process initiates when hydroxyl and superoxide

• -noise ratio and is affected by surface fluorescence from the samples, making careful sample preparation essential before analysis [134]. In recent years, advancements in MPs research have led to the development of innovative analytical tools for their detection, such as digital holography, scanning

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• graded materials, it was the thinner beams that initiated failure and then led to complete failure. From the graded to the inversely graded metamaterial, there was a shift from the very thin beams at the very edge to the second row where the beams were already somewhat thicker. This shows that, although

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• magnetization vector, the formation of domains of approximately the same size with antiparallel spin distribution was not observed. The predominant orientation of magnetic moments of cobalt atoms in a certain direction led to bursts and jumps in the values of individual components (x, y, z) of the magnetization

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• ]. Indeed, the versatility of this coupling reaction has led to numerous reports of its use with IONPs, through surface functionalization with either thiols or maleimides [10][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The IONP surface can also be capped with disulfide ligands, such as glutathione disulfide (GSSG

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) prepared by PLAL were employed to process uniform thin films of MoO3 in large areas with controllable thickness using ultrasonic spray deposition method for photovoltaic applications. Depositing thin films led to changes in morphology and particle size due to nanoparticle coalescence

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• enhancement factor of 1.15 × 106, enabling detection limits down to 10−9 M. These findings demonstrate that green LED-mediated synthesis provides a simple, environmentally friendly route to fabricate high-yield AgNPrs with superior SERS capabilities, suitable for ultrasensitive chemical and biological sensing

• -MBA) as a probe molecule. In this study, AgNPrs were synthesized photochemically using green LED 10 W irradiation. Seeds were prepared using 1 mM AgNO3 and stabilized with a trisodium citrate (TSC)/AgNO3 molar ratio of 5. Physicochemical analyses confirmed the successful formation of AgNPrs with high

• ) irradiating the seeds with green LEDs to form AgNPrs with the aid of ʟ-arginine (L-A) [9]. Due to the different SPR properties between AgNPs and AgNPrs, the morphological transformation of silver nanostructures in sample can be observed through UV–vis spectra in Figure 2. After 6 h of LED irradiation, the UV

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• increased from 300 to 800 °C [37]. However, [38] reported contrasting trends in commercial corn straw biochar, where increasing thermolysis temperatures led to a significant decrease in surface area from 808.3 to 177.5 m2·g−1, while the bulk density increased from 0.059 to 0.121 g·cm−3. Similarly, biochar

• , enhanced diffusion, surface adsorption, and cation–π electron interactions were observed at 550 °C in Polygonum amphibium L. biochar. However, pyrolysis temperatures above 550 °C led to reduced stability [42]. Similarly, pyrolysis at 700 °C can increase SSA but may degrade oxygen-containing functional

• processes such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and galactose metabolism [53]. For instance, high rubber-MP dosages (10% MPs) led to significant reductions in both shoot and root biomass in peanuts after 48 days of growth [52]. Similarly, adding 1% polypropylene (PP) to soil during chili cultivation reduced

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• themselves through plasmids, promoting the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance [6]. In this regard, the abuse of antibiotics in livestock and agriculture has been identified as one of the main factors that have led to the emergence of AMR [7]. The emergence and spread of AMR has intensified the interest

• considered as fully innovative, that is, no cross-resistance, new chemical class, new target, and new mechanism of action. Furthermore, just four of them are active against at least one pathogen of the top risk category [12]. The urgent need for novel antibiotics has led researchers to consider repurposing

• , and the resulting formulation was evaluated regarding its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., S. aureus and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative strains (e.g., E. coli and P. aeruginosa) [121]. Unfortunately, encapsulation led to reduced immediate efficacy compared to the free Zn