Hartree–Fock interaction in superconducting condensate fractals

• Edward G. Nikonov,
• Yajiang Chen,
• Mauro M. Doria and
• Arkady A. Shanenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2177–2182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.150

• ). Second, using the resulting quasiparticle energies and wave functions, we compute new values for Δ(i) and UHF(i) from Equation 8. Third, we adjust μ to achieve the desired average occupation number ne from Equation 9. The new values of μ, Δ(i), and UHF(i) are then reinserted into the BdG equations, and

• units of tB). Our calculations are performed away from the half-filling as this regime was shown to produce a uniform electronic distribution in Fibonacci chains [22], where the HF potential does not alter superconducting properties. Here, we adopt an electron density of ne = 0.5. Our qualitative

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• structural integrity and effectively encapsulating a core comprising a nanoemulsion containing β-caryophyllene (NE-βCp) alongside HA. A rigorous optimization of the electrospinning process was critical, involving the systematic evaluation of key parameters. This optimization successfully identified the

• optimal core formulation (1% w/w HA, 2% w/w NE) and process parameters (17 kV applied voltage, 6.25 flow rate ratio (0.04 mL/h inner; 0.25 mL/h outer), 12 cm needle-to-collector distance). These conditions provided highly uniform fibers with an average diameter of 439 ± 100 nm, notably 37% larger than

• membrane applications. Thermal and crystalline analyses demonstrated improved thermal stability upon NE-βCp incorporation. Collectively, these results provide robust evidence for the feasibility of producing multifunctional nanofiber membranes that successfully integrate a polymer–lipid hybrid core

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• commercial FIBID systems commonly employ Ga+ ions, alternative ion species such as He+, Ne+, Ar+, or Xe+ can also be used [11][12][13][14]. The resulting FEBID/FIBID deposits are widely used for repairing photolithographic masks and printing or modifying integrated circuits. In addition, they are applied for

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• by phase inversion, using polysorbate 80 and sorbitan monooleate 20 as surfactants. The NE presented an average size of 105.3 nm (±1.36) and a polydispersity index of 0.263 (± 0.004). The larvicidal bioassays against third-stage Aedes aegypti larvae produced an LC50 of 61.4 µg/mL at 48 hours and 26.8

• µg/mL at 144 hours. The toxicity of NE in Apis mellifera was evaluated, proving that the formulated nanoemulsion did not present toxicity for this non-target species. Viana et al. (2023) explored the larvicidal activity of a nanoemulsion formulated with an essential oil extracted from the leaves of

• using a low-energy method with sorbitan monooleate 80 and polysorbate 20. The NE presented an average droplet size of 74.5 nm (±1.939) and a polydispersity index of 0.271 (±0.007), remaining physicochemically stable for up to 180 days. Larvicidal bioassays against third-stage Aedes aegypti larvae

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• attracted attention due to their broad biological activities. To increase their solubility, stability, and cell delivery, nanotechnology-based systems, such as nanoemulsions (NEs), represent a promising approach. In this study, soybean oil nanoemulsions loaded with phytol (PHYT-NE) were developed using the

• phase inversion composition (PIC) method, and then characterized and evaluated. The PHYT-NE had a mean droplet diameter close to 200 nm, a polydispersity index of less than 0.2, spherical shape, and a pH value compatible with cutaneous application. The formulation showed high colloidal stability for at

• least 30 days of storage and at least 15 days even under stress conditions, with no signs of macroscopic instability or changes in droplet size. The cytocompatibility of NEs was confirmed in 3T3 fibroblasts at the concentrations tested, indicating potential safety for in vivo trials. Notably, PHYT-NE

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• ingredient [1]. NEs are designed as droplets that can potentially replenish the lipid layer in DED patients, mimicking the trilayered structure of the tear film, consisting of lipid, aqueous, and mucin layers [13][15][18][20]. According to the literature, the tear film compromises the stability of NE

• components. When NE is instilled, the oil nanodroplets merge with the lipid layer, the water in the formulation interacts with the aqueous layer of the tear film, and the surfactant interacts with the mucin layer [21][22][23]. The literature cites various lipids as components of the oily phase in

• ), making it a promising ingredient for NE formulations [31][32][33]. Clinical studies have demonstrated that fatty acids derived from linseed oil are effective in alleviating DED, primarily by modulating inflammatory responses and downregulating key molecular markers, such as interleukin-1 beta, matrix

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• unbound electrons within stainless steel oscillate in the presence of an electromagnetic field is known as the plasma frequency. The metallic substance’s electron density and effective electron mass also affect the plasma frequency. where ωp is the plasmonic frequency, ne is the electron density, and me

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• minimal variation in lattice temperature (≈300 K) and Debye temperature (≈255 K) for CdO, the electron–phonon coupling constant can be expressed using the following equations: where v is the velocity of sound in CdO, ne is the electron number density, Ke and Te are the specific heat and temperature of the

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• sputtering of deposited material [21][22][25]. Recently, it was reported that the ion identity plays a major role in FIBID of Pt from MeCpPtMe3 [41]. In this study, Pt(IV) reduction from Ne+ and Ar+ bombardment resulted in the loss of four CH3 groups, whereas He+ and H2+ bombardment resulted in the loss of

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• . The large refractive index (indices of refraction of ordinary and extraordinary waves no = 2.21 and ne = 2.14, respectively, at 1550 nm) contrast between ordinary rays and extraordinary waves enables strong reflections in DBR structures, leading to high extinction ratios [9][10]. LiNbO3 exhibits

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• ][50][80][81][82], analyzing differences in electron density when an electron is removed (Equation 1) or added (Equation 2) to the molecule: where the electron densities ρ(Ne), ρ(Ne − 1), and ρ(Ne + 1) correspond to systems with Ne, Ne − 1, and Ne + 1 electrons, respectively. Biological assays Initial

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• Table 1. Electrospinning The PSI/DMF/salt solutions were placed in a syringe pump (NE-500 model, New Era Pump Systems, Inc., USA), and the flow rate was adjusted between 0.4 and 0.5 mL/h. In every case, the scaffolds were made from 1 mL of the solutions. The fibers were collected on an aluminum foil

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• ][64]. Additionally, we determine the chemical potential μ from the condition that the average electron density ne is fixed. In the calculations, we choose ne = 0.875. This is quite far from the half-filling condition ne = 1, at which a singular van Hove singularity appears in the DOS in the middle of

• the conduction band, which is an artefact of the 2D tight-binding model with only nearest neighbor direct hopping. This choice of ne ensures that our results have general applicability beyond the constraints of the specific lattice configuration, making them equally valid for the 3D scenario. Actually

• , it is worth noting that the choice of the value of ne is not important for our conclusions, as long as μ is far from the singularity [5][6]. The calculations are carried out for the strong coupling regime with g = 1t. The Debye energy is taken as ℏωD = 5t, implying that the coupling is active for all

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• present work was (i) to develop stable oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing myrcene or cymene as the dispersed phase, (ii) to determine the required rHLB values for emulsion stability, (iii) to assess the biocompatibility via in vitro and in vivo assays, and (iv) to evaluate the bioefficacy of the NE

• the best ratio between two surfactants, one more lipophilic and one more hydrophilic, which will be necessary to obtain a stable NE [18]. The rHLB of myrcene and cymene was determined using a mixture of Span 80 (lipophilic) and Tween 20 (surfactant). At a time of 24 h after preparation, formulations

• aqueous media [37]. According to NTA measurements, the Cym-NE particle size was 145.7 ± 7.7 nm, while the Myr-NE particle size was 126.4 ± 5.6 nm, confirming the nanometric droplet size. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) is one of the most

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• after 21 days, while the group treated with Pentostan healed after 28 days. Moraes and colleagues prepared nanoemulsions (NE) of andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis Aublet, anoandi) and copaiba oil (Copaifera sp. Linnaeus, nanocopa) and tested their effects against L. infantum and L. amazonensis

• when treated by both nanoandi and nanocopa. Moreover, there was a decrease in lesion size and parasite load from the liver and spleen of mice treated with NE. In ultrastructural analysis performed by scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to observe morphological changes, oval aspect, and

• disappearance of the flagellum in the promastigote parasites treated with doses of NE above the IC50. Peixoto and collaborators developed epoxy-α-lapachone-loaded microemulsions (ME). They assessed the ME in vivo performance against L. amazonensis in infected BALB/c mice. The ME droplet size was smaller than

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• representing the ratio of the density of neutral precursors, must then be weighted with the (yet unknown) electron attachment cross sections to compare the experimentally measured ratio between CoL2− anions and MnL2− anions, via Nion = ε·Ne·Nneutral·σion·L, where ε is the ion detection efficiency, Ne and

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• syringe pumps (NE-300 InfusionONE Syginge Pump, USA) were used to inject mineral oil mixed with the surfactant Span 80 (2% w/v), solution (a), and solution (b) into the droplet-based microfluidic system at flow rates of 20 and 80 µL·min−1, respectively. The as-synthesized colloidal solution of Ag NPs was

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• NE-1002X micro-fluidics automatic syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems Inc., Farmingdale, NY, USA) and the other end was vertically dipped into the as-synthesized colloidal solution of particles (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3) The syringe pump was run at a speed of 1.50 µm/s until the

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• used in the current study are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 (Electrospinning machine Ne-200, Inovenso, Turkey). The collector covered by a piece of aluminum foil was used for fiber deposition. The deposited fiber mats were dried for 72 h at room temperature and stored in a desiccant until the analysis

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• microscope is better suited to achieve the required mirror-flat sample surface when operating the ion source with Ne instead of He. Copper was chosen as a test material and polished using Ga and Ne ions with different ion energies as well as incident angles. The results show that crystal structure

• alterations and, in some instances, phase transformation of Cu to Cu3Ga occurred when polishing with Ga ions. Polishing with high-energy Ne ions at a glancing angle maintains the crystal structure and significantly improves indexing in EBSD measurements. By milling down to a depth equaling the depth of the

• interaction volume, a steady-state condition of ion impurity concentration and number of induced defects is reached. The EBSD measurements and Monte Carlo simulations indicate that when this steady-state condition is reached more quickly, which can be achieved using high-energy Ne ions at a glancing incidence

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• and enhance therapeutic efficacy by providing local control of energy absorption and minimizing the treatment time and tissue damage [120]. The US-induced vaporization of a NE can also provide the force to increase the penetration and delivery of drug cargos through the skin with the goal of

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• consequence is the deep implantation of light ions. He and Ne are chemically inert and may therefore diffuse out of the substrate after a while. Diffusion in solids, however, is extremely inefficient, such that the majority of the primary ions will be implanted at their final trajectory position [22]. Hence

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• , the Pt3Ti(111) single crystal surface (purchased by MaTecK) was cleaned by several cycles of neon sputtering (p(Ne) = 1 × 10−5 mbar) for 10 min and subsequently annealed at 1200 K for 25 min until a sharp p(2×2) pattern was visible by LEED. This procedure led to a clean alloy surface with a single Pt

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• imaging of insulating samples with nanoscale milling capabilities in one instrument. The milling efficiency can also be increased by the use of heavier ion species, such as Ne or Ga, where Ne is available for the standard He column, whereas Ga requires an additional column. In contrast to its success in

Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• resolution of Ne+ from a gas field ion source. The comparison allows one to select the best possible ion species for the specific demands in terms of resolution, beam current, and volume to be drilled. Keywords: focused ion beam; gas field ion source; liquid metal alloy ion source; resolution; Introduction

• ion beam current for different relevant FIB systems determined theoretically [15] (r50) and from experiments using a 20% to 80% rise of intensity for He, Li [16][17][18], Ne, and Ga [19]. The beam size criterion for Xe [20] is unknown. Mass spectrum of a Ga33Bi57Li10 LMAIS at an acceleration potential

• keV Ne+, FOV: 2.5 × 2.5 µm2, trench width: 12 nm, d) 70 keV Be++, FOV: 1.9 × 1.9 µm2, best imaging res: (4.0 ± 0.5) nm, e) 35 keV Li+, FOV: 1.2 × 1.2 µm2, best imaging res: (2.9 ± 0.5) nm, f) 35 keV B+, FOV: 1.6 × 1.6 µm2, best imaging res: (19 ± 2) nm. Summary of the imaging resolution (80/20