Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• , we observed a very small number of NPs and higher agglomeration than on APDMES (Figure 6E,F,K,L). Like on APDMES, PEG AuNPs are less uniformly distributed than dimanno-AuNPs. The differences are likely due to the delicate balance between capillary flow and surface interactions. The flow is likely the

• , ligands that stretch out parallel to the surface in contact with it, and free ligands merely attached to the NPs. For the PEG AuNPs, DLS gave an extreme value of 41.1 nm, corresponding to three times the AFM height value (13.3 nm). We conclude that we here observe particle agglomeration in solution

• . Previous studies have shown such clusters for PEG AuNPs in solution [41], and their size is strongly reduced by adding albumin. In our case, the addition of dimannose would lead to the case of the dimanno-AuNPs, for which we do find much decreased agglomeration. Generally, nanoparticles produced inside a

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• modification and oxidation, and influencing the processes of ageing, oxidation, aggregation, and agglomeration. As a result, in [36], the increase of the ambient temperature was demonstrated to induce oriented growth of the NPs with the formation of nanospindles, whereas at room temperature only isotropic

• their growth are largely restricted to agglomeration only along the vortex direction. As a result, coalescence of the atoms and clusters in the vortices results in the production of filament-like nanostructures and growth of nanowires with length up to several centimetres [48]. This approach has shown

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• chemical changes occurring during ion implantation. In reality, Ag+ implantation into GO and PI induces carbonization, changes in local density, and possible diffusion or agglomeration of Ag atoms, which can lead to a redistribution of silver compared to the initial ballistic projection. Moreover, surface

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• agglomeration, especially at elevated temperatures, requires advanced strategies. Accordingly, diverse approaches have been developed to realize stable SACs across a wide range of metals and supports. Among these, site-selective atomic layer deposition [16], supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• increasing surface area and inducing fracture planes. One of the few publications on the formation mechanism of gold SMPs [45] clearly depicts the laser irradiation mechanism and how the process of agglomeration affects the particle formation. Laser irradiation causes a redshift in the localized plasmon band

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• content of 0.3 wt %. These nanocomposites also exhibited a uniform MWCNTs distribution without significant agglomeration. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the effect of a small addition of pure MWCNTs on the morphology, rheological, tribological, physicomechanical, and

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• plays an important role in the stability and functionality of nanoscale structures. Van der Waals forces are supramolecular intermolecular interactions that govern the agglomeration of nanomaterials. Carbon nanostructures with π-conjugated systems (fullerene, carbon nanotube, and graphene) have π–π

• interactions, a type of van der Waals force, for supramolecular attraction [9]. Particularly, graphene sheets with a large surface area and π-conjugated network are likely to stack together through hydrophobic agglomeration and π–π interaction. Although π–π interactions are generally weaker than hydrogen

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• corresponds to (200) plane of FeS2. The (206) plane of FeS at 2.65 Å is also identified. In the case of TEM and STEM images of NPs in DMF (Figure 3a,d–f), the majority of the analyzed regions resemble agglomerated ultrafine powders. This agglomeration may be attributed to the higher boiling point of DMF (153

• °C), which causes it to evaporate more slowly, allowing more time for the particles to aggregate. In contrast, alcohols (boiling point range: 64–78 °C) and acetone (56 °C) evaporate much more quickly, significantly reducing the influence of the solvent and leading to less agglomeration in the samples

• of a magnetic field by laser ablation in liquids. SEM and TEM images of FeS2 nanoparticles prepared without a magnetic field revealed spherical particles with varying sizes, aggregation and agglomeration with an average size of approximately 40 nm [38]. In contrast to this, the average particle sizes

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• for particle formation and reducing the particle growth and agglomeration tendencies. The cavitation bubble created by the donut beam forms a toroidal structure that overruns the ring-shaped ablation site, temporally leaving that spot uncovered (Figure 5b,c), unlike the quasi-hemispherical bubble

• the hydrodynamics of the melt within the spot. Preliminary observations suggest that the distinct cavitation bubble dynamics produced by donut-shaped pulses may also play a role in preventing nanoparticle growth and agglomeration. These results indicate that donut-shaped laser pulses offer a promising

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• reactions and can create unwanted side products [7]. Long-term surfactant stability and associated catalyst agglomeration or detachment are another issue. Post-synthetic attachment of catalyst nanoparticles is poorly scalable, creates large amounts of organic hazardous waste, and results in wastage of

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• each other, reducing the likelihood of agglomeration and deposition, and enhancing the stability of the suspension [21][22]. Consequently, a suspension of the BerNPs was produced with uniform particle sizes, predominantly ranging from 40 to 65 nm (Figure 1B,C). In our study, the rotary grinding method

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• phase separation which, in turn, can lead to different physical effects on the particles (such as, e.g., agglomeration). Second, it is possible that the nanoparticles inherently prefer a solvent polarity that lies between the polarity of the alcohol and propylene carbonate phases. Rather than a

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• . High loadings of up to 50 wt % UiO-66 and its functionalized derivatives (UiO-66-NH2 and UiO-66-(COOH)2) were achieved without MOF agglomeration in the thin, selective layers. When successfully prepared, these novel HFMMMs can express improved separation efficiency, increased mechanical strength, and

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• ][47][48], leading to the formation of nanoparticles [43]. Some of these nuclei with abundant hafnium oxide molecules around grow like crystals [45][48]. The agglomeration [47] of such crystals leads to the observed polycrystalline state in the NPs [43][46]. The formation of the observed amorphous NPs

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• attractive forces, while a negative value suggests repulsive interactions between the NPs, preventing aggregation or agglomeration. These calculations were performed considering spherical and uncoated NMs. The balance between the Hamaker constants (expressing van der Waals attraction between particles) and

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• ablation. This phenomenon led to lower NP production at 355 nm compared to that at 532 and 1064 nm laser wavelengths, this was also reflected in the absorption spectra. Consequently, there is a tendency for NP agglomeration and chain formation, which is evident from the TEM pictures depicted in Figure 3

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• considered samples. The specimens were prepared by drop casting a solution of the exfoliated samples on lacey carbon transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids. Additionally, agglomeration of the flakes can be usually observed as well, which could be due to the effect of the solvent used for drop casting

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• hydrothermal method was reported [7]. The effect of oleylamine concentration on the physicochemical properties of CF synthesized via a solvothermal process has been presented [8]. However, ferrites exhibit self-agglomeration due to their magnetic nature. Combining different functional materials to prepare

• multiple-component photocatalysts is a common way to overcome the issues of single-phase photocatalysts [9]. Stacking GQDs sheets onto CF nanoparticles not only prevents CF from agglomeration but also forms heterojunction contacts, which possibly reduce the recombination of the photo-induced electron–hole

• of CoFe2O4 and CF/GQDs. All isotherm curves belong to type V according to IUPAC. At a high relative pressure (above 0.8), the hysteresis sloop indicates that the materials have micro-meso structures. The surface area of CoFe2O4 is small because of heavy agglomeration (21.0 m2·g−1). However, CF/GQDs

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• best LSPR properties among the noble metals [18]. One of the decisive factors regarding the SERS performance of Ag NP-based platforms is the agglomeration state of the nanoparticles [19], which directly affects the “hot spots”. There have been many studies in which agglomeration of Ag NPs was adjusted

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• constraints imply that the spICP-MS method has limited applicability for measuring primary particle sizes, especially when dealing with materials that may have a broad particle size distribution and exhibit significant agglomeration. The EM images of the five E171 samples show that all samples are nearly

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• stabilize and prevent agglomeration of NPs. As no experimental techniques are available to measure the surface charge directly, its value is measured through the zeta potential (ζ) in a given medium [9]. Zeta potential is the electrostatic potential at the electrical double layer surrounding the NPs in

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• could be linked to the agglomeration of nanoparticles caused by the rapid addition rate of NaOH during the synthesis process, as evidenced by the presence of agglomerated particles visible in the SEM images [33]. Further, the light scattering technique results are biased toward the larger particles in

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• particles and an oily phase made up of eucalyptus or rosemary essential oils with concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The increase in size of the nanocomposites is related to agglomeration and effects such as Ostwald ripening, or the increase in essential oil concentration. In addition, the

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• to add nanoparticles to the lubricant. Elimination of precipitation and agglomeration problems of nanoparticles is crucial for nanolubricant applications. On this critical issue in the nanolubricant preparation process, the authors benefited from their previous study [21], which included the basic