Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• nanomaterial’s behaviour, preparation, or test conditions) [2]. Voyiatzis et al. computationally studied, using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, the morphological transformations (from molten/amorphous to crystalline) during rapid cooling of 1–8 nm spherical gold and platinum nanoparticles (NPs), which

• reactivity [3]. Amini et al. combined atomistic molecular dynamics, a coarse-grained model of protein adsorption, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to predict the protein corona composition formed on aluminium surfaces with different crystal faces, (i.e., (100), (110), and (111)) from a simplified model of

• classical molecular dynamics and ab initio calculations revealed that TA preferentially binds to the most reactive sites on GO surfaces via oxygen-containing groups or the carbon matrix. The binding energy was dominated by van der Waals interaction forces. A dose-dependent mitigating effect of TA on the

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• node within a predefined circuit. However, such approaches often neglect the rich collective dynamics emerging from ensembles of interacting nonlinear elements, an aspect especially compelling when analyzed through the lens of statistical physics models such as the Ising spin system with disorder

• -Ising energy landscape, and outline practical interface schemes for signal injection and readout. Altogether, the presented framework connects the collective polarization dynamics of ferroelectric nanodots with emergent nonlinear and memory effects, providing a solid foundation for developing and

• processing by exploiting polarization dynamics under external input signals. Figure 1 illustrates two conceptual configurations of the ferroelectric-based reservoir and its integration into a neuromorphic computing framework. In Figure 1a, a single input channel delivers time-dependent electrical or optical

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• shaping have demonstrated their potential to revolutionise pulsed laser ablation in liquids by enabling more precise energy deposition and modified nanoparticle production dynamics. This review highlights the critical role of beam shaping, encompassing spatial shaping of the beam to influence laser

• achieved in chemical synthesis using microfluidics-based reactors [14]. PLAL mechanisms and the ablation dynamics can be described starting with the pulsed emission from the laser source [16]. The laser beam travels through the transparent liquid layer, ideally minimising energy losses due to absorption

• governs critical features of PLAL, from the laser interaction with the liquid and the target to the subsequent modifications in the shape and dynamics of the CB, and rate, depth and area of ablation. These interdependent processes ultimately define the properties of the NPs, such as their size and

Calculation of the dynamic stiffness of a cantilever under torsional oscillation

• Keita Nishida,
• Yuuki Yasui and
• Yoshiaki Sugimoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 303–308, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.21

• from the geometrical structure [2], an accurate evaluation of dynamic stiffness requires detailed analyses of the oscillator dynamics. The modification from static to dynamic stiffness depends on the oscillation mode because each mode is governed by a different equation of motion reflecting the

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• analysis of Abrikosov vortex dynamics and flux-flow instabilities was performed in NbRe/Au and NbRe/Py bilayers to compare superconducting/normal metal (S/N) and superconducting/ferromagnetic (S/F) heterostructures based on the same superconducting layer. The heterostructures, fabricated by sputtering

• ; superconductivity; vortex dynamics; Introduction Vortex dynamics plays a central role in the electrical transport under magnetic fields in type-II superconductors and is an essential subject of research in superconductivity [1]. In inhomogeneous type-II superconductors, structural defects create pinning centers

• ]. The enhancement of vortex dynamics and the reduction of τE are strongly linked to the optimization of quasiparticle relaxation mechanisms. Excited quasiparticles can relax primarily through two processes, namely thermal electron–phonon (e–ph) interaction and electron–electron (e–e) recombination [1

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• (MXenes) that may introduce new oxidation dynamics. Regrettably, key factors such as oxygen, humidity, and light, which contribute to the ambient degradation of few-layer BP [107], may present significant challenges for the application of LAO. The conductive properties of MXenes range from metallic to

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• characterization of functional plant tissues [19] integrating experiments and finite element models, and animal tissues [20] incorporating molecular dynamics and finite element methods. Investigating the anisotropic hygroscopic behavior of the involved materials in bending in pine cone scales, Ulrich et al. [19

• adhesion. They combined molecular dynamics for the simulation of the adhesive contact between the gecko spatula and the substrate with finite element modeling of the mechanical behavior of the adhesive seta to understand key aspects of gecko seta adhesion across scales. Besides these studies, focusing on

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• thermal molecular motion of polymer chains in thin films is essential for tailoring the properties and enhancing the performance of polymer-based devices. By precisely controlling these factors, researchers can fine-tune the structure and dynamics of the film to achieve specific characteristics suited for

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• powerful aspects of materials informatics lies in its ability to integrate machine learning with multiscale simulation tools – ranging from molecular dynamics to density functional theory – which helps researchers correlate nanoscale features such as particle size, shape, and surface functionalization with

• remediation measures on the particle concentrations in specific environmental compartments (e.g., [59] and made accessible via a web application at https://sb4n.cloud.nanosolveit.eu/). These models integrate geospatial data, fluid dynamics, and chemical reactivity, offering a geographically and temporally

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• true dynamics of NLs and drug absorption or trafficking within brain cells. Finally, optimized experimental conditions help reduce variability between cell uptake experiments and ensure that results are consistent across different cell passages, laboratories, or research conditions which is

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• LIPOID (Lipoid GmbH, Germany). DSPE–PEG–MAL was obtained from LaySan Bio, United States. Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3) was obtained from Contemporary Chemical Dynamics (Brazil). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, CAS 67-68-5), was obtained from NEON (Suzano, Brazil). The cell line HCT-116 (ATCC® CCL-247™) was provided

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• accidental but rather a targeted response to shifting political or cultural dynamics. The study underscores the importance of understanding both environmental and human threats in the preservation of ancient artworks, which also passes through their conservation, when stored or transported, in order to avoid

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• for accurate 3D analysis of temperature-driven biological processes. It holds significant potential for applications in living organisms, offering a non-invasive tool to monitor intracellular and organ-specific temperature dynamics. Keywords: C. elegans; 3D imaging; fluorescent intensity ratio; light

• adenocarcinoma cells. Di et al. [45] used functionalized UCNPs to monitor mitochondrial thermal dynamics in HeLa cells, and Wang et al. [37] used core–shell UCNPs to monitor temperature and imaging inside and outside onion cells simultaneously. These studies underscore the versatility and potential of UCNP-based

• extending this technique to other small model organisms, organoids, or individual mammalian cells. In summary, LSFM-enabled upconversion nanothermometry emerges as a powerful, non-invasive platform for probing spatiotemporal temperature dynamics across diverse biomedical applications, from cellular

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• , the map of the electron emission intensity from achiral AuNRs adopts a chiral geometry, as shown in Figure 8d [72]. PEEM can produce time-resolved data to probe the dynamics of photoemission [134]. In addition to EELS and PEEM, the so-called photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• are now accessible for real-world technological applications. In addition, nanoscience has initiated several new areas in fundamental physics and molecular dynamics, representing a profound scientific achievement of the 21st century [12]. It is noteworthy that these developments have strongly

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• glacial retreat zones, affirming meltwater pathways. Where Himalayan-specific data is sparse, mechanisms are inferred from analogous systems such as the Swiss Alps and Andean lakes. Seasonal MP dynamics in the Himalayan lakes are controlled by environmental factors such as glacier melting and monsoonal

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• of the system electronics and relevant voltages is detailed in Figure 3 of [16]. We investigate the dynamics of the free cantilever excited to oscillation at constant amplitude A and frequency fexc, which is always kept at the fundamental cantilever eigenfrequency f0. Initially, the interferometer is

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• signals can be correlated with specific interaction types, such as conservative and dissipative processes [10][11][12]. Despite these advances, critical limitations persist. The inherent nonlinearity of tip–sample dynamics in tapping and multimodal AFM often introduces imaging artifacts. Typical examples

• factor (Q) cantilever dynamics amplify noise and demand meticulous parameter tuning [18]. To overcome these limitations, PeakForce tapping mode (PFT) was developed. It employs vertical probe oscillations at subresonant frequencies (0.5–8 kHz) to establish quasi-static tip–sample contact [18][19]. Unlike

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• dynamics to capture molecular interactions at the spatula–substrate interface and finite element method to simulate the mechanical behavior of the larger setal shaft. This hybrid approach enables synchronized simulations that resolve both fine-scale interfacial dynamics and overall structural deformation

• limitations inherent in single-scale models. Keywords: finite element method; gecko adhesion; hybrid modeling; molecular dynamics; multiscale simulations; seta; spatula; Introduction Geckos possess the ability to adhere to a variety of substrates, a trait attributed to specialized micro- and nanoscale

• scales involved. In previous research, we used molecular dynamics simulations to explore various aspects of gecko adhesion [10][11][12][13]. We found that humidity increases the force required to pull a spatula off from a substrate [10][12], a phenomenon also observed in high-humidity atomic force

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• access the sub-10 nm domain and to obtain information about the dynamics of guests confined to the porous system on short timescales below milliseconds. Here, electron spin resonance (ESR) has some advantages. Because of the temporal dimension of these rotational dynamics at the microseconds timescale

• by the methyl groups. It was shown that the line shape of the characteristic ESR signals of nitroxide spin probes depends strongly on molecular dynamics. Because of the anisotropy of Zeeman and hyperfine coupling, one can extract detailed information about the rotational dynamics. Highly mobile spin

• probes with surfaces [40]. Mastai and coworkers have used ESR spectroscopy to probe the chirality of crystals [41]. Our group used ESR to investigate the rotational dynamics of paramagnetic spin probes in functionalized, mesoporous organosilica materials [42][43][44][45][46]. Using 3-carboxypropyl (3CP

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• influencing the mechanisms of NP formation and growth at the subsequent stages of laser ablation, including the generation of shockwaves, cavitation bubble dynamics, and NP evolution after the release into the colloidal solution. The excessive charge at their surface ensures repulsion and stability of the NP

• and superlattice structures [45]. This can be achieved, for example, by varying the temperature of the surrounding liquid. The dynamics and parameters of the plasma and cavitation bubble are also temperature dependent. The demonstration of the influence of the liquid temperature was provided in a

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• reference material, rather than calculated directly from the dynamics models of the cantilever. We measured the cantilever displacement with very high sampling frequencies over the course of the experiment and captured its oscillations that result from thermal energy. Using short-term Fourier

• time during the experiments. These values can be related to the displacement of the sample, force, or other parameters that are time-averaged over the window size. Analytical models of cantilever dynamics Several analytical models of cantilever dynamics have been developed, with the basis of most

• Hysitron Premier Nanoindenter. Tabor and transition parameters calculated for each material pairing. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 6: Equations of motion of the cantilever dynamics models and additional experimental data. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• , Russia 10.3762/bjnano.16.131 Abstract We demonstrate the programmable control of kinetic soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction (all-JJ) networks through a novel tunable cell design. This cell enables on-demand switching of transmission lines and operates across defined parameter regimes supporting

• functionality. By engineering artificial inhomogeneity into the circuit architecture, we enhance robustness in all-JJ logic circuits, 2D transmission line all-JJ lattices, and neuromorphic computing systems. Keywords: Josephson-based diode; kinetic inductance; soliton dynamics; superconducting electronics

• ) [27][28][29][30], an active area of current research. Another important application of this idea lies in the promising neuromorphic direction [31][32][33]. Earlier in [34], we have already proposed using kinetic inductances to control neuron dynamics in networks based on radial basis functions (RBF