Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• are now accessible for real-world technological applications. In addition, nanoscience has initiated several new areas in fundamental physics and molecular dynamics, representing a profound scientific achievement of the 21st century [12]. It is noteworthy that these developments have strongly

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• glacial retreat zones, affirming meltwater pathways. Where Himalayan-specific data is sparse, mechanisms are inferred from analogous systems such as the Swiss Alps and Andean lakes. Seasonal MP dynamics in the Himalayan lakes are controlled by environmental factors such as glacier melting and monsoonal

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• of the system electronics and relevant voltages is detailed in Figure 3 of [16]. We investigate the dynamics of the free cantilever excited to oscillation at constant amplitude A and frequency fexc, which is always kept at the fundamental cantilever eigenfrequency f0. Initially, the interferometer is

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• signals can be correlated with specific interaction types, such as conservative and dissipative processes [10][11][12]. Despite these advances, critical limitations persist. The inherent nonlinearity of tip–sample dynamics in tapping and multimodal AFM often introduces imaging artifacts. Typical examples

• factor (Q) cantilever dynamics amplify noise and demand meticulous parameter tuning [18]. To overcome these limitations, PeakForce tapping mode (PFT) was developed. It employs vertical probe oscillations at subresonant frequencies (0.5–8 kHz) to establish quasi-static tip–sample contact [18][19]. Unlike

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• dynamics to capture molecular interactions at the spatula–substrate interface and finite element method to simulate the mechanical behavior of the larger setal shaft. This hybrid approach enables synchronized simulations that resolve both fine-scale interfacial dynamics and overall structural deformation

• limitations inherent in single-scale models. Keywords: finite element method; gecko adhesion; hybrid modeling; molecular dynamics; multiscale simulations; seta; spatula; Introduction Geckos possess the ability to adhere to a variety of substrates, a trait attributed to specialized micro- and nanoscale

• scales involved. In previous research, we used molecular dynamics simulations to explore various aspects of gecko adhesion [10][11][12][13]. We found that humidity increases the force required to pull a spatula off from a substrate [10][12], a phenomenon also observed in high-humidity atomic force

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• access the sub-10 nm domain and to obtain information about the dynamics of guests confined to the porous system on short timescales below milliseconds. Here, electron spin resonance (ESR) has some advantages. Because of the temporal dimension of these rotational dynamics at the microseconds timescale

• by the methyl groups. It was shown that the line shape of the characteristic ESR signals of nitroxide spin probes depends strongly on molecular dynamics. Because of the anisotropy of Zeeman and hyperfine coupling, one can extract detailed information about the rotational dynamics. Highly mobile spin

• probes with surfaces [40]. Mastai and coworkers have used ESR spectroscopy to probe the chirality of crystals [41]. Our group used ESR to investigate the rotational dynamics of paramagnetic spin probes in functionalized, mesoporous organosilica materials [42][43][44][45][46]. Using 3-carboxypropyl (3CP

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• influencing the mechanisms of NP formation and growth at the subsequent stages of laser ablation, including the generation of shockwaves, cavitation bubble dynamics, and NP evolution after the release into the colloidal solution. The excessive charge at their surface ensures repulsion and stability of the NP

• and superlattice structures [45]. This can be achieved, for example, by varying the temperature of the surrounding liquid. The dynamics and parameters of the plasma and cavitation bubble are also temperature dependent. The demonstration of the influence of the liquid temperature was provided in a

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• reference material, rather than calculated directly from the dynamics models of the cantilever. We measured the cantilever displacement with very high sampling frequencies over the course of the experiment and captured its oscillations that result from thermal energy. Using short-term Fourier

• time during the experiments. These values can be related to the displacement of the sample, force, or other parameters that are time-averaged over the window size. Analytical models of cantilever dynamics Several analytical models of cantilever dynamics have been developed, with the basis of most

• Hysitron Premier Nanoindenter. Tabor and transition parameters calculated for each material pairing. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 6: Equations of motion of the cantilever dynamics models and additional experimental data. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• , Russia 10.3762/bjnano.16.131 Abstract We demonstrate the programmable control of kinetic soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction (all-JJ) networks through a novel tunable cell design. This cell enables on-demand switching of transmission lines and operates across defined parameter regimes supporting

• functionality. By engineering artificial inhomogeneity into the circuit architecture, we enhance robustness in all-JJ logic circuits, 2D transmission line all-JJ lattices, and neuromorphic computing systems. Keywords: Josephson-based diode; kinetic inductance; soliton dynamics; superconducting electronics

• ) [27][28][29][30], an active area of current research. Another important application of this idea lies in the promising neuromorphic direction [31][32][33]. Earlier in [34], we have already proposed using kinetic inductances to control neuron dynamics in networks based on radial basis functions (RBF

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• fibril formation occurs in the acidic, iso-osmotic gland of the barnacle, with delayed cement curing enabling fibril secretion for sustained adhesion of the organism. The study provides insight into the environmental sensitivity of cp19k structure–function dynamics and may support the design of

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• . Each absorption route offers specific advantages and challenges that must be addressed based on the therapeutic application [16]. In this context, the chemical functionality of polymers, their interaction with cell membranes, and controlled release dynamics are critical for drug delivery. Understanding

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• instrumentation development which highlight better the use of advanced light sources in probing the structure and dynamics of nanostructured materials and instrumental developments that enable novel investigations of materials under operando conditions. We will therefore discuss scientific examples about single

• flakes partially covering an Ir(111) surface, as illustrated in Figure 3 [28]. Although the reaction products (H2O and CO2) were below the APXPS detection limit, the C 1s signal proved sensitive enough to monitor the dynamics of undercover catalysis during gas pulsing (see Figure 4). Their results

• , contain active sites that are dynamically stabilized, and be in a state of deviation from chemical equilibrium under reaction conditions. Therefore, fully describing a functional catalyst requires addressing a range of dynamics across multiple temporal scales. To examine such a dynamic at the atomic level

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• Ising chain. From a purely theoretical point of view, this model arises when studying the physics of open systems [1][2]. In this case, the chain is modelling the external environment to which the single spin is connected. In such models, it is convenient to study not only Markovian dynamics of the

• single spin, but also non-Markovian dynamics going beyond the limitations of the Lindblad master equation [3][4][5][6]. The approach is to find the dynamics of the whole system (i.e., the chain and the single spin) and then trace out the chain degrees of freedom, ending up with the master equation for

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• non-classical field and a transmon-based qudit with several, even high-lying, levels being taken into account. We develop methods of rapid quantum control of the designed transmon-based qudit and its state population dynamics. The structure of the article is as follows: First, the model of the system

• system by the quantum field is studied. By taking into account the nonlinearities in the system, it will be shown that there is a certain value of the frequency detuning at which the dynamics of the energy transition from the field to the solid-state system and vice versa is most efficient. Theoretical

• means that this nonlinearity itself leads only to phase modulation without changing the excitation statistics. In our case, the dynamics of the excitations of a Josephson nanosystem (transmon) under the action of a nonclassical electromagnetic field is studied. The interaction of the photonic and

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• thin films and the formation of Neel domain walls. Keywords: ferromagnetic properties; LAMMPS; mathematical modeling; MEAM; molecular dynamics; spin dynamics; Introduction Thin film structures [1][2] are increasingly employed each year in a wide range of applications, serving as functional [3][4

• systems and calculate the spin dynamics of atoms [22][31]. Results and Discussion The present paper deals with the solution of two problems related to the modeling of magnetic properties of cobalt nanostructures. The first problem was focused on confirming the adequacy of the used mathematical model and

• ] indicates a satisfactory qualitative and quantitative agreement of the values. This analysis confirms that the modeling of magnetic properties and behavior of nanomaterials at the atomistic level should be carried out at integration time steps of no more than 1.0 fs. Typical spin dynamics models use a time

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• shape, as well as parameters and dynamics of NP formation processes. The structure of the Bessel beam implies that plasma formation would occur as a result of the central lobe interacting with the target, while the concentric rings, which have the laser energy distributed over a larger area may act as

• shockwave dynamics also have an impact on the CBs’ size, pressure, and oscillations which are the parameters influencing the morphology and structure of the forming NPs. The characteristic structure of a Bessel beam also impacts the plasma shape and induces pressure and temperature gradients. This influence

• explained the formation of elongated pillar-shaped nanostructures on the target surface. For ablation in a liquid, the interaction of non-Gaussian beam field patterns with a target will further impact the ablation processes. The dynamics and conditions in CBs are also affected by the laser beam shape and

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• ]. Figure 10a shows a photograph of a typical spin-coating setup, along with high-speed images capturing the dynamics of and film formation on a rotating substrate. Mono and bi-metallic Pt, Pd, and Pt80Pd20 NPs were synthesized using a Nd:YAG laser operating at λ = 1064 nm, a fluence of 5 J/cm2, and a

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• , bibliometric tools support informed policy making and research prioritization. The application of bibliometric analysis enables an accessible and comprehensive visualization of research dynamics and development trends in BC-based MP remediation. Additionally, using authoritative journal databases such as

• microbial community dynamics, particularly in agricultural systems. Plastic mulch: Keywords such as “microbial community” and “water” reflect studies (2020–2022) focusing on MPs derived from agricultural plastic mulch and their effects on microbial ecosystems and runoff. The research focus has since

• modulating plant gene expression and ARG dynamics in the soil. Ultimately, these effects foster a healthier and more resilient soil ecosystem under MP contamination. Water treatment MP removal from aqueous media by BC adsorption A summary of research on MP removal is provided in Table S2, Supporting

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• mechanistic model of CNT growth, in which the structure and dynamics of the CNT edge at the catalyst interface govern transitions between kinetic regimes [32]. The versatility of the proposed method extends beyond the specific imaging modality used in this study. Its robustness makes it applicable to other in

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• membrane tension and rigidity are two intertwined physical parameters with a dynamic behavior dictated by the internal turgor pressure of the bacteria during swelling or plasmolysis. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of their mechanical response due to changes in external conditions or exposure to

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• transitions can be well modeled by classical approaches down to the nanometer scale in a local thermodynamic equilibrium [32][33][34]. A synthesis of the different coevolving phenomena with excitation and dissipation requires more detailed numerical approaches [35] or simulations. Molecular dynamics (MD

• -particle imaging” describes the processes initiated by laser-excitation of an individual NP probed by X-ray scattering up to delay times of a few tens of picoseconds. The second chapter “Structural dynamics in liquids” reports on the application of ultrafast time-resolved electron scattering to investigate

• early-time structural relaxation and chemical bond dynamics in laser-induced ionization of liquid water. In the third chapter “Nanoparticle excitation in an ensemble and energy exchange with medium”, an approach is shown on how reactions of both the excited NPs as well as the interaction with the

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• , Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.73 Abstract Mitochondrial network dynamics play a key role in enabling cells to adapt to environmental changes. Fusion and fission of mitochondria, as well as their contact with other organelles, are central processes

• this work, we employ SICM to investigate the shape, dynamics, and nanomorphology of metabolically active, isolated mitochondria, with a specific focus on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, we identify and characterise two distinct dynamic effects observed in time-dependent topography data

• . One of these effects appears to be associated to the dynamics of the mitochondria’s morphology (in the following referred to as morphodynamics, cf. [6]) and their contact with the measurement environment. Finally, we propose hypotheses to explain the observed effects. Results Viability of the

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• sp3 hybridization is a metastable material. A significant activation barrier hampers its relaxation into sp2 graphitic carbon, and this transformation occurs during vacuum heating in the temperature range of 1500–1800 °C [9]. According to molecular dynamics simulations, graphitization of nonterminated

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• , defects, and interstitials are induced through the interaction between energetic ions and the host material, resulting in structural modification and thus alteration in lattice dynamics of the host material [10]. The implantation-induced disorder can be qualitatively examined using Raman spectroscopy

• , which is a well-established and non-destructive method to determine crystal structure, lattice defects, and dynamics. Since ZnO is a polar semiconductor, the phonon–electron interaction produces longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes, whose long-range behavior considerably affects the efficacy of