Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• working extensively in various aspects of nanotechnology, we find that the majority come from chemistry, physics, materials science, and metallurgy. Very few come from other fields such as mechanical, energy, electronics, biomedical engineering, and mathematics. The experts belonging to chemistry, physics

• , agriculture, and electronics. Innovation in these fields has far outpaced the development of adequate safety, ethical, and trade-related regulations. Consequently, many companies either evade pursuing nanomaterial-based products or underreport their use to bypass complex regulatory hurdles and ensure smoother

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• [2], nanoscale electronics and electronic components [3], thermoelectric devices [4], and transparent films [5]. Graphene is a two-dimensional zero-bandgap semiconductor with excellent bulk conductivity. Its in-plane electron transport strongly depends on lattice order, lattice defects, and three

• graphene-based electronics and as a dielectric material in nanoelectronics devices. It finds application regarding corrosion resistance and antioxidation protective coatings [19]. Due to its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, h-BN is used in thermal management applications. h-BN is used

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• properties that make them attractive for a wide range of applications, including drug delivery, electronics, and energy storage [29]. However, the lack of standardised methods for their synthesis and characterisation can complicate their regulatory approval and limit their practical applications. One of the

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• of the system electronics and relevant voltages is detailed in Figure 3 of [16]. We investigate the dynamics of the free cantilever excited to oscillation at constant amplitude A and frequency fexc, which is always kept at the fundamental cantilever eigenfrequency f0. Initially, the interferometer is

• -step fit method based on Equation 1 as detailed in [13]. Here, VDC represents the DC part of the interferometer signal voltage, V0 is the voltage amplitude of the modulated signal, and φ is the phase shift introduced by the electronics in the signal path, which may be determined from the fit

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• channels after the pre-amplifier for dedicated, parallel processing of PFT feedback path and high-eigenmode detection path. The channel of the PFT feedback path is processed by the system’s built-in PeakForce electronics. A low-pass filter (200 kHz cut-off) and synchronization algorithms suppress high

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• Electronics RAS, Moscow, Russia Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Special Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow National Research University

• junction; superconducting tunnel junctions; Introduction Modern superconducting electronics is moving towards lower temperatures, lower noise levels, and higher sensitivity, which can be achieved at sub-Kelvin temperatures using aluminum-based tunnel junctions. One group of devices, such as

• measurements with a room-temperature JFET readout system and can be improved by upgrading the readout electronics). As an example, some measured characteristics of the SINIS detectors are given in Figure 7. The amplifier voltage noise is 20 nV·Hz−1/2, the optimal input impedance for this amplifier is 500 kΩ

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• functionality. By engineering artificial inhomogeneity into the circuit architecture, we enhance robustness in all-JJ logic circuits, 2D transmission line all-JJ lattices, and neuromorphic computing systems. Keywords: Josephson-based diode; kinetic inductance; soliton dynamics; superconducting electronics

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• [4][5][6]. These nanomaterials have been successfully applied in diverse fields, such as medicine, agriculture, cosmetics, electronics, the food industry, and, more recently, dentistry [5][6]. However, conventional chemical and physical synthesis routes often involve toxic organic solvents, high

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• conversion devices has positioned layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as promising candidates among the other two-dimensional materials. With their unique flexible layered structure, LDHs hold great potential for piezocatalysis and powering smart wearable electronics. Despite their promise, this area of study

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• activity in polymeric and carbon-based materials is essential for advancing technologies in environmental sensing, flexible electronics, and photocatalytic systems. Conventional chemical modification methods often lack spatial precision, introduce impurities, and risk structural degradation. Ion

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• measurements that are possible with the new DLDs at the HIPPIE and the SPECIES beamlines. These DLDs are built like a very tight check pattern of electrical wires. Every impinging electron sends an electrical signal along two orthogonal wires and its location is determined by the readout electronics based on

• the time of flight. This architecture allows for high-speed acquisition (only limited by the speed of the readout electronics), either as continuous time-resolved data or in pump–probe mode. In continuous mode, spectra are recorded in sequence without scanning the analyzer’s retardation voltage. To

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• techniques for the removal of MPs. Nanoparticle-based removal Advancements in characterization and synthesis techniques have enabled the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, leading to innovations across various domains, including energy, electronics, and biomedical applications. Figure 5 depicts

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.16.112 Abstract Increasing the efficiency of quantum processors is possible by moving from two-level qubits to elements with a larger computational base. An example would be a transmon-based superconducting atom, but the new basic elements

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• Josephson contacts [13]. These nanomaterials are widely used [17][18][19] in the creation of individual qubits and quantum computers in general, superconducting microcircuits and interferometers, single photon detectors [20] and other devices of quantum electronics and spintronics. Mathematical Model for

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• , Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea 10.3762/bjnano.16.109 Abstract Transient electronics are emerging as a promising class of devices designed to disappear after a defined

• stimulators, and drug delivery vehicles, as well as environmentally benign electronics for soil or aquatic disposal. Despite their potential, key challenges remain in expanding the material set for diverse functionalities, achieving high-density integration for advanced operations, and enabling precise

• lifetime control through strategies such as protective encapsulation. This Perspective outlines critical opportunities and technical directions to guide the development of next-generation transient electronic systems. Keywords: biodegradable/bioresorbable electronics; biodegradable materials

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• Prakash Yadav Boddepalli SanthiBhushan Anurag Srivastava Advanced Material Research Group, Department of Engineering Sciences, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, MP-474015, India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• fit on the base of a commercial MultiMode AFM system (Nanoscope V electronics, Bruker AXS SAS, Santa Barbara, CA). The fast-scanning AFM head and control electronics were designed in-house and built according to the details in [36][37][38]. Images were acquired using LabView-based software as

• µm were captured at 1 Hz scanning speed by using a MultiMode AFM with Nanoscope V electronics (Bruker AXS SAS, Santa Barbara, CA) controlled with Nanoscope 9.2 software (Build R2Sr1.130547). Scans were made in PeakForce tapping mode at 2 kHz tapping frequency using a PNP-TRS pyrex-nitride probe

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• Agata Obstarczyk Urszula Wawrzaszek Wroclaw University of Science & Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.81 Abstract In this paper, comparative studies of selected properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• molecules and their two-dimensional films. The structure and quality of the films are pivotal parameters for any molecular electronics application, thus making them indispensable for the development of nanoscale electronic devices. In particular, these findings on the controlled self-assembly of

• materials nanoarchitectonics, spanning the fields of electronics and medicine. Gel nanoarchitectonics Gels are representative soft materials that exhibit flexibility and softness. They are soft and flexible substances comprising polymers and molecular aggregates that are predominantly solvated and

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• , including their derivatives, are broadly explored for miscellaneous applications, such as energy storage/conversion, EMI shielding, biosensing, optoelectronics, robotics, flexible electronics, paint industries, textile industries, biomedical devices [5][6][7]. To be specific, the innovation of graphene

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• producing hybrid materials which combine these two forms of carbon [1][2][3]. In particular, such graphene-on-diamond heterostructures have been shown to be attractive for power electronics [4][5], microelectronic devices [6][7], and detectors [7][8]. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, carbon in

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• -scale information about material behavior under different conditions. This thorough understanding can be leveraged to optimize materials for various applications, including energy storage, catalysis, and electronics. This review focuses on cerium oxide, an important material for catalytic and energy

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• downsizing, and low power consumption, self-powered photodetectors, which have numerous uses in the military, civilian purposes, and notably those related to green technology and flexible electronics have been increasingly popular in recent years [33][62]. This greatly interested us in this area and

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• technologies associated with electronics, energy conversion and storage, and many other fields due to their unique physical properties which may open unforeseen doors for technical and performance advances [5][6][7][8]. The full chain of steps necessary for the implementation of nanostructured materials in