Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• and premium branding (Table 1). This allows them to make larger profits while gradually preparing the market. For example, Apple Inc. and Samsung are well ahead in graphene research for electronic applications [18][19]. However, highly flexible smartphones and advanced graphene-based devices remain

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• hydrophobic segment to act as a hydrophilic shield [80]. The rationale was that the highly water-soluble and flexible pSar chains could sterically block antibody access to the PEG domain, thereby reducing immune recognition. ELISA showed that the absorbance signal from anti-PEG IgG dropped from over 1.5 to

• evaluated in LNP formulations. Its hydrophilic and flexible polyvinylamide backbone is believed to reduce immune recognition [90]. An in vitro study showed that LNPs formulated with DSPE-PNMVA24 to replace DSPE-PEG achieved over 65% GFP knockdown, which outperformed DSPE-PEG control with 40% knockdown. In

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• for the flexible configuration of advanced logic and neuromorphic circuits. Results Model description To model the dynamics of kinetic solitons [43], we employ the resistively and capacitively shunted junction (RCSJ) model [1], where the total current I across a Josephson junction is the sum of the

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• conversion devices has positioned layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as promising candidates among the other two-dimensional materials. With their unique flexible layered structure, LDHs hold great potential for piezocatalysis and powering smart wearable electronics. Despite their promise, this area of study

• /Al-LDHs. The crystal structure of LDHs is fairly flexible, enabling adjustment of their cationic composition. One widely used method for preparing LDH-based catalysts is cation doping further increasing their catalytic activity. A cobalt-doped Zn/Al-LDH (ZnCo/Al-LDH) piezoelectric catalyst was used

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• activity in polymeric and carbon-based materials is essential for advancing technologies in environmental sensing, flexible electronics, and photocatalytic systems. Conventional chemical modification methods often lack spatial precision, introduce impurities, and risk structural degradation. Ion

• carbonized matrix, conjugated bonds, and silver cluster structures exhibits dramatically higher conductivity than the unmodified material, which can be exploited, for example, for the fabrication of flexible optoelectronics, thin-film electrodes, or electroactive sensors [12]. In addition to the increase in

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• properties is its Tg, which determines the point at which the polymer transitions from a rigid, glassy state to a more flexible, rubbery state as the mobility of the polymer chains increases with rising temperature. Above Tg, the polymer becomes rubbery, leading to increased rates of water and drug mass

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• back-filled vacuum chamber with two manipulators and base pressure in the 10−6 mbar range. Access to the chamber is realized via a large front door. This offers a versatile and flexible system where various custom setups and sample environments can be installed. The primary setup used at the SLE is an

• -and-pull” systems. While flow cells are ideal for large currents and gas evolution, dip-and-pull cells, whilst more compromised from an electrochemical cell perspective, are more flexible and compatible with well-defined materials such as single crystals or layered structures [64]. Here, we outline

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• electronic devices has created fertile ground for the convergence of flexible electronics with lifetime-controllable material systems [13]. This confluence has given rise to the emerging field of transient electronics, that is, devices engineered to function over a defined time window before undergoing

• proof-of-concept devices, future development must include circuit-level design and validation of microprocessor-grade transient electronics. Furthermore, this challenge extends beyond biodegradability and overlaps with fundamental limitations common to flexible electronics. To ensure degradability, the

• diffusion effectively and degrade at a predetermined time, posing significant technological challenges. Given the inherently flexible nature of thin-film bioresorbable electronics, it is critical that encapsulation layers also exhibit mechanical flexibility. As such, polymer-based solutions have been

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• number of benefits from the mechanical and chemical stability of the carbon cloth material, which, together with its low cost and large surface area, make it especially promising for the flexible devices. The results of these experiments are the subject of upcoming works. Conclusion In summary, laser

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• ablation techniques for micro/nanostructuring have garnered significant attention due to their versatile applications. In particular, fabricating subwavelength structures using high-power pulsed lasers offers a flexible, single-step processing approach compatible with industry standards, making it a

• pulse duration, 5.5 mJ/pulse energy, and a repetition rate of 1 kHz, was utilized for laser direct writing experiments. The fundamental part of the laser, providing 2.6 mJ/pulse, acted as the pump for an optical parametric amplifier (OPA), allowing for flexible tuning of the laser wavelength from 400 to

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• ][49][50][51]. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are materials composed of two or more polymer networks that remain chemically cross-linked through physical and inseparable interweaving, favoring the homogeneous mixing of immiscible polymers. By adding a polymer network with more flexible

• through the oxidative coupling of catechol groups using a hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase (H2O2/HRP) catalytic system [41]. The addition of the antibiotic doxycycline provided the hydrogels with antimicrobial activity to treat infected full-thickness defect wounds. Flexible films composed of

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• composites with other materials, such as carbon nanotubes, to optimize performance [26]. Furthermore, the flexible synthesis of ZnS NTs with controlled morphology and size allows for tailoring their sensing capabilities. External stimuli combined with machine learning can further enhance their sensitivity

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• heterogeneous catalysts, colloids are more flexible as the support material is not predefined by the synthesis route but can be freely chosen. This may be highly relevant as previous studies report on the facile supporting of laser-generated NPs onto multiple carrier materials such as carbon [33][34][35], metal

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• concept of nanoarchitecture, as a post-nanotechnology methodology, can be defined as the construction of functional materials from nanometer-sized units using a variety of materials processes. It is believed to be particularly well suited to the assembly of soft materials that exhibit flexible and diverse

• nanoarchitectonics are highly flexible. Thus, it is believed to be particularly well suited to the assembly of soft materials that display flexible and diverse structures and properties. Furthermore, it is intriguing to examine the advancements in materials sciences, spanning from hard to soft and from the

• section presents a selection of research studies that illustrate the potential of liquid crystals as a promising avenue of investigation in the field of soft materials nanoarchitectonics. Discotic liquid crystal molecules are constituted of flat discotic cores attached to flexible aliphatic alkyl chains

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• at a relatively high level, that is, 208% in the machine direction (MD) and 125% in the transverse direction (TD). Combined with moderate stiffness values (620 and 575 MPa in MD and TD, respectively), these characteristics remain in an acceptable range for certain types of flexible and semi-rigid

• packaging, which typically require elongation at break in the range of 100–600% and Young’s modulus between 200 and 700 MPa [25]. Potential applications include stretch sleeves, flexible lids, and barrier films, where controlled deformation and improved wear resistance are desired. Rheological analysis

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• , including their derivatives, are broadly explored for miscellaneous applications, such as energy storage/conversion, EMI shielding, biosensing, optoelectronics, robotics, flexible electronics, paint industries, textile industries, biomedical devices [5][6][7]. To be specific, the innovation of graphene

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• straightforward, flexible, and affordable methods to obtain thin films using laser-processed nanocolloids. Spin coating is combined with EPD for film deposition with the intention of obtaining seeded film growth with improved thickness and for surface morphology modifications. The importance of using

• downsizing, and low power consumption, self-powered photodetectors, which have numerous uses in the military, civilian purposes, and notably those related to green technology and flexible electronics have been increasingly popular in recent years [33][62]. This greatly interested us in this area and

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• expensive III–V materials to the active device area. The flexible geometry of nanowires standing upright on their growth substrate directly leads to gate-all-around metal-oxide-semiconductor stacks [23][24], and advanced electronic device designs such as nanowire tunneling field-effect transistors [24] or

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• processing into nanofibers, make it an ideal material for biomedical applications including the reconstruction of bone and cartilage [17][18]. Polyurethan (PU) is a very flexible, long-lasting, and reliable material. It is versatile and can be used in almost every field of work. PU can also be used in

• more effective wound-healing substitutes [50]. Recent advancements in tissue regeneration have further led to the development of innovative wound dressings such as hydrogels and electrospun scaffolds [51]. Electrospinning is an extremely flexible technique that can convert liquids, suspensions, or

• polyurethane fibers for biomedical applications PU comes in various forms, including flexible foams, coatings, adhesives, and rigid thermosets [150]. PU is frequently used as a material for constructing nanowebs because of its chemical stability, diffusion coefficients, superior mechanical capabilities, and

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• earths and the DNA double helix. Although such interaction does not induce any change of the contour length of the complexes formed at low rare earth concentrations, it induces effective bends leaving the double helix more flexible with respect to the bending rigidity, which is reflected in the decrease

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• understand the permeability and selectivity properties of membranes. Conventionally, membranes are classified into two categories, namely, organic and inorganic. Organic polymer membranes possess open and flexible structures that facilitates rapid gas diffusion, resulting in excellent permeability but low

• stated, the more flexible the polymer, the less selective, yet more permeable, it becomes. In contrast, glassy polymers, characterized by low chain mobility and increased rigidity, have the benefit of restricting the movement of gas molecules, but at the cost of reduced permeability and MOF compatibility

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• observed to be −17% to +17%, whereas for ψ-graphone, it lies within the strain span of −16% to +16%. The remarkable strain tolerance of these materials makes them promising candidates for flexible displays and other electronic devices. Computational Methodology The computational parameters used in our

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• DMSs, these nanostructures will be beneficial to the development of new ZnO-based materials for photocatalytic [25], biomedical [26], gas sensing [27][28], and flexible electronic/optoelectronic applications [29][30]. They are usually fabricated by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or solid-vapour phase