Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• MPs. They are therefore ideal for use in high-altitude lakes [44]. The goal of chemical methods for MP remediation is to convert polymers into non-toxic substances. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) use strong oxidants like ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or hydroxyl radicals to break down MPs [45]. The

• most promising among them are photocatalytic processes that utilize titanium dioxide nanoparticles under UV radiation. These are very efficient degradation processes for degrading plastics to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water [43]. Fenton reactions, involving a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and iron

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• adsorb onto the active planes of the MoS₂ target during exfoliation, thereby inducing changes in phase and morphology. The role of hydrogen peroxide in the preparation of nanosheets by laser ablation was further studied by Azadi et al. [54], who performed laser ablation of Cu in a hydrogen peroxide

• solution by ns laser pulses. As a result, the dependence of the CuO content in the nanosheets on hydrogen peroxide concentration in solution was found, and the conclusion on the CuO nanosheet formation via reactions of the ablated Cu with H2O2 was made. Other products of liquid decomposition are gases

• , produced either through liquid evaporation or from reactive species generated during decomposition, such as hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen. The type of gas emitted depends on the liquid composition and can influence the morphology of the resulting NPs. As shown in [55], the ablation in ethanol

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• pollutants adsorbed on its surface. In Fenton and Fenton-like processes, hydroxyl (•OH) radicals are formed when hydrogen peroxide reacts with a metallic active phase, such as Fe2+, facilitating the oxidation and breakdown of contaminants [58]. Table 2 depicts the advantages and limitations of various

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• nanowires remove 90–97% OFL in water with a high initial concentration of 50 ppm in 6 h under UV light irradiation for up to six cycles. The contributions of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) additive were also studied. An enhanced efficiency could be achieved only when the H2O2 in water reaches a critical

• . Hydrogen peroxide (30 wt %, AR), HNO3 (65 wt %, AR), and ethyl alcohol (99.7 wt %, AR) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. Melamine (99 wt %, AR) was purchased from Aladdin, China. PHILPS Lighting Investment Company Limited, China, provided the UV lamp. All chemicals were used

• , the hydrogen titanate nanowires precipitate. In the acidic medium, the reaction between metallic Ti sponge and hydrogen peroxide produces titanium hydroxide species in solution. Once the concentration of these species reaches saturation, hydrogen titanate nanowires nucleate and grow directly on the

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• step of the entire process [3]. During this stage, small silver nanoparticles (seeds) can combine and evolve into anisotropic nanostructures through a chemical process in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium borohydride, commonly referred to as the Mirkin method [4]. Recently

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• through the oxidative coupling of catechol groups using a hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase (H2O2/HRP) catalytic system [41]. The addition of the antibiotic doxycycline provided the hydrogels with antimicrobial activity to treat infected full-thickness defect wounds. Flexible films composed of

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• ’-dicfloroflurescin diacetate (DCFDA) (D6883-50MG; Mw: 487.29 g/mol) probe, chosen specifically for its ability to detect the presence of cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in HOb cells following treatment with NMs and US exposure. First, the cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 104 cells/well and incubated for 24 h

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• applications. Experimental Materials Vanadium (V) oxide (V2O5) powder and ferrocene were purchased from Alfa Aesar. The other chemicals used for the synthesis of graphite oxide, such as conc. sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), conc. hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium chlorate (KClO3), conc

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• include superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide, are natural byproducts of the oxidative metabolism. Mammalian cells maintain balanced ROS levels for homeostasis and cellular proliferation. However, excess ROS creates an electron imbalance that triggers continuous electron transfer

• reactions, leading to oxidative stress [17]. Studies have shown that TA exhibits significant antioxidant properties by suppressing hydroxyl radical formation and neutralizing both superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. However, its antioxidant efficacy is concentration-dependent. While it shows

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• . P4170), Triton X-100 (Cat. No. T8787), monodansylcadaverine (MDC; Cat. No. D4008), anti-SQSTM1 (Cat. No. P0067), anti-MLKL primary antibody (Cat. No. SAB5700808), protein A/G agarose beads (Cat. No. IP10), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; Cat. No. H1009) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• discussed, including drug delivery and environmental sensing applications for humidity, heavy metals, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, biomedical sensing applications of alginate-based nanoparticles regarding various analytes such as glucose, cancer cells, pharmaceutical drugs, and human motion will also be

• glyoxal from water. An exceptional formaldehyde adsorption capacity of 58.30 mg/g and an adsorption removal effectiveness of 93.5% was demonstrated for APOF@ZIF-8/CS [15]. Hydrogen peroxide sensing: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing is a crucial aspect of various fields, including biomedical research and

• environmental monitoring. Accurate detection and measurement of H2O2 levels is vital for understanding its role in biological processes, diagnosing diseases, and monitoring environmental pollutants [114]. Alginate-based nanoparticles have depicted great potential in hydrogen peroxide sensing. A silver/poly(3

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• its interaction with other substances, as for example using the maximum salt concentration in the medium with no significant coagulation or the rate constant of its oxidation by hydrogen peroxide [68]. It should be noted that the use of experimental descriptors can be exclusive, and there are models

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• electrons (e−), leading to the formation of superoxide anions (O2−) [43]. The adsorbed oxygen has the ability to undergo a reaction with two electrons, resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hydrogen peroxide subsequently reacts with an electron, forming hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which are

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• HYP using a TiO2/GQDs-modified electrode were addressed. Experimental Materials Coffee grounds were collected from the local area. Anatase (98%), hydrogen chloride (39%), hydrogen peroxide (30%), boric acid (99%), phosphoric acid (85%), acetic acid (99%), uric acid (99%), and hypoxanthine (99%) were

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• nanoparticle synthesis in water is always accompanied by the production of gases [66][67]. Although gas formation has often been attributed to the vaporization of water, the formation of hydrogen and oxygen also occurs. Additionally, the formation of hydrogen peroxide was observed during LAL [50][51] and LRL

• oxygen species (ROS), for example, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, or dissolved oxygen, react with the particles leading to their surface oxidation. During irradiation of water with intense laser pulses, a weakly ionized plasma forms because of optical breakdown, supercontinuum emission, or both

• added different additives. In the case of gaseous additives (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon), they saturated the solution by bubbling. Further additives were 0.3 vol % hydrogen peroxide and 0.2 vol % water (for ethanol only). Depending on the chosen additive, they found a different degree of

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• peroxide or organic hydroperoxide (ROOH) to produce ROS. In nature, biological systems commonly use catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as preventive antioxidants to degrade hydrogen peroxide, which is a precursor of ROS. CAT, containing a heme active site, and GPx, containing a selenium active

• radicals through several pathways such as chelating transition metals, quenching singlet oxygens, decomposing hydrogen peroxides, and deactivating superoxides without generating active radicals [17][18][19]. Transition metals such as Fe2+ and Cu2+ initiate a Fenton reaction in the presence of hydrogen

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• are involved in the Fenton reaction, which generates hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide. Similarly, the Haber–Weiss reaction involves the oxidized forms of redox-active metal ions and superoxide anions, which generate the reduced form of the metal ion. This reduced form can then be coupled to

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• , bleaching, and degradation. Gold nanoparticles possess intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, which converts particular peroxidase substrates into coloured products in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme-like properties of nanomaterials have been utilized in various LFA formats. The inclusion of

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• from Krackeler Scientific (USA). Methyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide (35%), sodium hydroxide (<97%), ammonia water (25–29%), acetone (99.5%), ethyl alcohol (95%), and 2-propanol (99.5%) were bought from Daejung (Republic of Korea). The Formlabs 3D printer and clear V4 resin were purchased from Formlabs

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• reaction, along with other species such as oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and persulfate. This excited electron reduces an acceptor, and the acceptor's hole oxidises donor molecules. What happens to the excited electron and hole depends on the relative positions of conduction band and valence band of the

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• properties of the investigated catalysts. The number of electrons obtained in the oxygen reduction reaction (the number of electrons per O2 molecule) on electrodes made of the tested catalytic materials, and the resulting amount of hydrogen peroxide produced were determined based on polarization curves

• recorded using a rotating electrode with an RRDE ring [42]. The number of electron was calculated as: while the amount of hydrogen peroxide was calculated from the equation: where ID is the disc current, IR is the ring current, and η is the electrode collection coefficient. The results of RRDE measurements

• electrode. The oxygen reduction efficiency of both commercial catalysts is similar (Figure 5a, Table 2), but the catalyst HiSpec 3000 has a small advantage due to the lower percentage of hydrogen peroxide in the oxygen reduction products (Figure 5d). The fabricated catalysts of series A, B, C, and D also

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• (K–L) method using Equation S1, Supporting Information File 1. The K–L plot (I−1 vs ω−1/2) obtained from the LSV curves in Figure 3b shows the linearity at different potentials (Figure 3c). Moreover, RRDE studies were carried out to measure the hydrogen peroxide generated during the electroreduction

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• substances in wastewater [16]. Among these procedures, the Fenton method causes numerous interests due to its convenience and effectiveness. Notably, the Fenton method can produce many hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) by introducing divalent iron solution and hydrogen peroxide, as shown in Equation 1 below. The

• hydrogen peroxide can be remarkably transformed into redox radicals, followed by destroying the organic pollutants. Meanwhile, the remaining divalent iron complexes in the system can return to the circulation of hydrogen peroxide reaction and continuously form new hydroxide radicals [20]. Therefore, based

• within 105 min. Based on the 1st order kinetic analysis, the reaction rate constants (k) at pH 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 were 0.0254, 0.0506, and 0.002, respectively. While the pH value was too high, the hydrogen peroxide in the solution was easily decomposed into oxygen and water [55]. On the other hand, when