Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• electrons from the normal side scatter into the superconductor, suppressing the superconducting order parameter near the interface [5][6][7]. In the normal region, the absence of intrinsic attractive electron–electron interaction causes Cooper pairs to break up beyond a characteristic length scale, namely

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• Chiral plasmonic nanostructures (cPNSs) have garnered extensive interest across disciplines due to their strong interaction with circularly polarized light (CPL). Numerous fundamental studies have demonstrated the enhancement of chiroptic effects in molecular systems and quantum emitters facilitated by

• [13]. In 1848, Pasteur achieved the physical separation of enantiomers for the first time. In his experiments, he crystallized the racemic sodium ammonium salt of tartaric acid, forming two distinct crystals that each rotated the polarization of light in opposite manner [14]. The interaction between

• longitudinal (L) plasmons as classical oscillators [72][73][74]. The interference between these two modes defines the EM near-field intensity profile. Their interaction can be constructive or destructive depending on the phase difference between the T and L modes. CPL, equivalent to two perpendicular linearly

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• (POC) diagnostics for different disorders and diseases. Resonance among the free electrons at the surface of colloidal AuNPs, induced by the interaction with light energy, causes the light to be absorbed in the blue-green and red parts of the visible spectrum. Consequently, the appearance of colors in

• peak, which shifts with any refractive index changes due to the analyte [88][89]. Gao et al. applied biomolecular interaction analysis based on SPR to assess B-group vitamins such as VB12 enriched into infant formulas based on milk, whey protein concentrate, lactose-free milk protein isolate, or

• quantitation range and RR were 0.08–2.40 ng/mL and 89–106%, respectively [91]. Cannon et al. employed SPR to indirectly detect VB12 by observing the interactions between this vitamin and its specific binding proteins, with the protein interaction acting as the recognition step, the SPR chip as the indicator

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• specific ordering properties: Under dry conditions, both PEG and dimannoside bind water. However, the higher hydrophilicity of dimannoside enables a better interaction with water molecules, which remain bound even after dehydration. This is also supported by research on SAMs on gold surfaces, which reveal

• concentrated carbohydrate solution (more than 40% of the total aqueous volume) provide a macromolecular crowding environment which diminishes particle interaction [42]. The dimanno-AuNPs used in this research were produced in a solution of ca. 50% dimannoside ligand, sufficient to decrease the agglomeration

Hartree–Fock interaction in superconducting condensate fractals

• Edward G. Nikonov,
• Yajiang Chen,
• Mauro M. Doria and
• Arkady A. Shanenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2177–2182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.150

• , Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.150 Abstract It is well known that the Hartree–Fock (HF) interaction does not alter observables in conventional

• is suppressed; for our chosen microscopic parameters, this suppression can reach up to 20%. Therefore, an accurate analysis of condensate distribution and related quantities in quasicrystalline superconductors requires the comparison of results obtained with and without the HF interaction. Keywords

• : Fibonacci chain; fractal superconductivity; Hartree–Fock interaction; quasicrystal; Introduction It is well known, dating back to the classical book by de Gennes [1], that, in conventional superconducting materials, the Hartree–Fock (HF) interaction merely reduces to a shift of the chemical potential, as

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• exposure of such chemicals (nanoscale systems) to the environment is very poorly managed worldwide, with the exception of a few countries, namely the UK, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, and Japan. Furthermore, the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems remains poorly understood and

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• morphology (glacier-fed and rain-fed) influence MP density, though this interaction is poorly studied and requires further work [2]. Similar to what has been happening in Ladakh’s Pangong Lake, MPs carried in the air and over long distances are deposited in water bodies via atmospheric deposition. This is a

• more surface area, allowing for better interaction with MPs [76]. The incorporation of GO in composite materials not only improves photocatalytic activity, but it also serves a second purpose by adsorbing MPs prior to degradation. The utilization of photocatalysts that have been engineered with defects

• support matrix for these composites, stabilizing the photocatalyst and enhancing its interaction with MPs [78]. Another novel strategy is the use of multifunctional nanomaterials, such as ZnO–CuO composites, which have both antibacterial and strong photocatalytic activity. These substances provide long

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• the left and the right electrode, respectively. VCL and VLC denote the interaction matrices between the left electrode and the channel. VCR and VRC denote the interaction matrices between the right electrode and the channel. IL, IC, and IR denote the unity matrices. The Hamiltonian matrices can be

• reported using experimental and theoretical studies for the interaction of azupyrene and pyrene with a Cu surface [16]. The metal electrode/graphene binding has strong influence on the electron transport properties. In Equations 6 and 7, the self-energies of the electrodes depend on the interaction

• Equation 3. Larger transmission probability leads to larger currents in Equation 10. Thus, the enhanced electrode/graphene interaction due to the Stone–Wales defects leads to enhanced current through the device. The conclusions are supported by analysis of the transmission spectra of Pt/graphene/Pt and Pt

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• ]. This range is considerably favorable for topical formulations, as lower surface tension enhances spreadability and promotes interaction with the stratum corneum and its lipidic barrier. Due to instrumental limitations associated with the high viscosity resulting from NaCMC addition, the surface tension

• . Surface plots derived from the Box–Behnken design showing the effects of formulation variables on: (A) hydrodynamic diameter, (B) polydispersity index, and (C) visual classification. The plots illustrate the interaction between key input variables, with the third variable held constant at its central

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• separate interaction exists between 6 sulfur atoms and silver and antimony atoms. Also, the obtained diffraction peaks are neat and intense, indicating the absence of other secondary phase peaks, and proving the successful synthesis of the desired structure. FTIR analysis was carried out in the range of

• evidenced by a smaller ZOI. A maximum of ZOI diameter of 25.2 mm was recorded against S. aureus followed by 18.8 mm against E. coli (Figure 3). However, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized NCs proved to be relatively weak against B. subtilis, failing to produce any ZOI. The direct interaction of

• Figure 4. The NCs induced a 3–26% inhibition of cell growth even at the lowest applied concentration (12.5 µg/mL), and a proportional increase in the percentage of cell inhibition was observed with escalating concentrations. Hence, the findings reveal the dose-dependent interaction of the nanoparticles

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• variations. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of their interaction with biological systems, encompassing both physicochemical and biological evaluations, is needed to mitigate potential toxicity and optimise therapeutic efficacy. The current shortcomings in standardisation, spanning nomenclature

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• signals can be correlated with specific interaction types, such as conservative and dissipative processes [10][11][12]. Despite these advances, critical limitations persist. The inherent nonlinearity of tip–sample dynamics in tapping and multimodal AFM often introduces imaging artifacts. Typical examples

• traditional dynamic modes, PFT eliminates the need for intricate cantilever tuning by real-time regulation of the interaction force at each scan point. This innovation not only simplifies operation but also enables high-resolution topographic imaging with exceptional stability, even in challenging

• excite the probe in our innovative multifrequency AFM mode. The efficacy of this approach relies on two synergistic mechanisms. First, when the probe contacts the sample surface, tip–sample interaction forces induce a rapid resonance frequency shift and amplitude attenuation in the higher eigenmodes

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• protocol We aimed to replicate the protocol used in AFM experiments on gecko spatulae and setae as reported in [23][57]: (1) Initially, all spatulae were positioned at a minimum distance of 13 nm above the substrate, which is higher than the non-bonded interaction cutoff of 12 nm. (2) In the preloading

• the pull-off (loading) phase, the seta top was moved upwards by reversing the direction of the applied displacement, again using 1 nm per load step. This eventually led to detachment of the spatulae from the substrate. The pull-off was continued until all spatulae were outside the interaction range of

• tip refers to the distal end of the spatula, which is typically the last point of contact during detachment, while the pad represents the main surface of interaction between the spatula and the substrate. Figure 5 shows the “tip” and “pad” beads in our spatula models, colored yellow and pink

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• of a surface influences the stereoselectivity of the enantiomers at the surface. Despite the difference in the interaction enthalpies being only in the 1–2 kJ·mol−1 range, an ideal surface would exclusively interact with one enantiomer. However, the question of which selectivity is sufficient or

• detailed information about the local environment. Furthermore, dipolar coupling to other electron spins in the direct environment allows for the determination of distances from 0 to 10 nm [38][39]. Giamello et al. have discussed in detail how this effect can be used to characterize the interaction of spin

• low temperatures, there is a notable fraction of surface-adsorbed species, which indicates that there is weak confinement and weak interaction between the pore walls and 3CP. The data recorded at room temperature shows no indication of surface-adsorbed compounds, and only quickly rotating 3CP is seen

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• origin, high structural conservatism across species, and minimal interaction with blood components make HA and HA-based materials exceptionally biocompatible, a non-negotiable prerequisite for biomedical use. Hyaluronic acid is also recognized and listed in the US FDA inactive ingredient database for

• presence of the core did not reduce the thermal stability of the nanofibers, suggesting that the hybrid HA+NE core may have enhanced this stability, likely due to an interaction between the core and the shell. Complementing the thermal analysis performed by TGA, DSC was used to obtain detailed information

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• target surface. The current understanding of the mechanisms of PLAL distinguishes the process depending on the laser pulse duration (Figure 1a). For the ultrashort pulses (femtosecond duration) the interaction of the ejected material with the laser pulse can be neglected. For longer laser pulses

• (nanosecond), this interaction should be taken into account, resulting in the ionization and heating of the ejected material. The initial stages of interaction of a laser beam with a solid target are strongly dependent on laser pulse duration and fluence, surrounding liquid, target morphology and composition

• throughout the whole ablation process. However, laser ablation is typically performed in the batch liquid reactor. Therefore, interaction of the as-grown particles with the next laser pulses also occurs, which might result in the change of NP size and shape in the photoinduced processes [24] as demonstrated

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• fact that, in the case of heating the absorber by direct current, the electron temperature of all conduction electrons increases. In the equilibrium state, the electron temperature is determined by the incoming power and the electron–phonon interaction. However, in cases of absorption of a photon with

• device receiving the signal. Approximately, in the simplest case, the NEP of the SINIS detector can be calculated using the following formula: NEPe−ph is the noise equivalent power of electron–phonon interaction, caused by the discreteness of energy exchange between electrons and phonons: where kB is the

• Boltzmann constant, Λ is the volume of the absorber, Σ is the constant of electron–phonon interaction, and Te and Tph are the temperatures of the electron and phonon subsystems, respectively. NEPNIS is the noise equivalent power of NIS junction. It is a combination of shot noise that occurs as a result of

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• reduced both LNP binding and cellular uptake, confirming that the interaction was mediated specifically through the PD-L1 receptor. Intravenous administration of Pep-LNPs in vivo showed a 4.2-fold increase in tumor accumulation and 2.6-fold higher transgene expression over peptide-free LNPs [47]. Using

• . Imaging and histological analysis showed that maleimide-LNPs remained localized near the injection site, implying enhanced interaction with the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, carboxylic acid-LNPs showed a reduced cellular association, likely due to electrostatic repulsion [52]. PDP-LNPs had minimal

• effect on uptake or transfection efficiency, suggesting limited interaction enhancement through that functional group. This study highlights that even without ligands, functionalized PEG lipids may be able to modulate LNP surface interactions and biodistribution, though the effect strongly depends on

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• -in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O), or multiple emulsions (W/O/W or O/W/O) (Figure 2), depending on the preparation techniques and the choice and interaction of formulation components [34][88][89]. Nanoemulsions exhibit several advantages, making them promising systems for pharmaceutical and

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• flowing through the series junctions connecting the nodes. The current between nodes k and k + 1 () is plotted at the midpoint index k + 0.5 for visual clarity.This visualization allows for a direct comparison of the system’s state before and after soliton interaction. The solid lines depict the initial

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• , new record values of fundamental figures of merit have been reported at a surprisingly rapid rate. The field is now mature for the next challenge, that is, application-ready devices. Optomechanical interaction has been proposed to enable or improve many applications [1], including accelerometers [2

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• needle like fibres were observed to form clusters of apparently aggregated protein which exhibited surface binding. This supports the hypothesis that unstructured or partially assembled cp19k fibrils may maximise surface interaction prior to curing and becoming stained by Coomassie homogenously, whereas

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• phytochemicals not only facilitate the formation of stable colloidal nanostructures but also contribute synergistically to their bioactivity, enhancing their interaction with microbial membranes and disrupting biofilm formation [10][24]. In this study, silver (66%) was the main metal used in nanoparticle

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• thermal degradation of sensitive compounds, as well as excessive loss of volatile substances such as PHYT [30]. The small droplet size results in a large surface area, which enables effective interaction with biological membranes and consequently enhances drug penetration and retention [31]. Key

• in the treatment against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although no permeation assay was conducted in the present study, the physicochemical profile of PHYT-NE supports its potential for efficient skin interaction and warrants further investigation in permeation studies. As a future perspective, ex vivo

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• Raman spectra as well as the independent evolution as a function of temperature of the Raman bands from CNT and LCC (see Figure 1 and Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1) suggest that the interaction between distinct LCC, and LCC and CNT are not strong enough to affect their electronic and phonon