Nanoglasses: a trail towards uncharted regions of vitreous materials and their properties?

• Gerhard Wilde and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.72

• possess distinct structural and thermodynamic characteristics. These internal interface regions with finite width of the order of several nanometres introduce excess free volume, altered short- and medium-range order, including the distribution of chemical constituents, and modified energetic states

• compared with conventional homogeneous glasses, giving rise to unique structural and functional properties. Additionally, the interfaces between the glass cores and the glass–glass interfaces need to be considered, as the specific interface areas are large. In this perspective paper, we discuss the

• of interface density and chemistry may enable tailoring of mechanical, diffusion, and functional properties, including enhanced plasticity, altered transport behaviour, and tuneable optical or electronic responses. Finally, open questions regarding interfacial structure, thermodynamic driving forces

Vibration-induced dynamic structural superlubricity on MoS₂/Au(111) under ultrahigh vacuum

• Shuyu Huang,
• Yiming Song,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Gema Navarro-Marín,
• Antonio Cammarata,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1039–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.71

• ][7] and electrical control [8][9] to structural engineering [10][11], and thermal control [12]. Thermal approaches primarily act by modifying the energy landscape experienced by the sliding interface. Increasing temperature assists atoms in overcoming potential energy barriers, and friction is

• expected to vanish at infinitely slow relative speeds due to thermal activation [3][7]. It works only within specific low-speed regimes, and elevated temperatures can lead to local material softening or accelerated degradation and oxidation of the sliding interface. By leveraging structural engineering

• electrostatic interactions at the interface, offering high flexibility and fast response times. Despite these promising results, electrically driven friction control presents several inherent limitations. It is highly dependent on the interfacial electronic properties [8]. Furthermore, the degree of friction

Synthesis and characterization of RF-sputtered ZnTe/Cu_2−xTe thin films for solar cell applications

• Gerardo Arreola Jardón,
• Susana Meraz Dávila,
• Claudia Elena Pérez García,
• Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta and
• Sergio Joaquín Jiménez Sandoval

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1016–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.69

• conventional metals. As a consequence, Schottky barrier formation at the CdTe/metal interface may occur, leading to rollover effects and device degradation [1]. Copper-containing compounds have been widely employed to mitigate this issue as Cu acts as an acceptor dopant and promotes the formation of a hole

Ultrasonic irradiation in the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite: a chemically friendly technique for improving hemocompatibility and antibiofilm applications

• Juan Mendoza Turmero,
• Cristina Parra Pantoja,
• Marcos Sabino Gutiérrez,
• Milagro Fernández-Delgado,
• Claudia Alvarado-Castillo,
• Damarys Soto Gil,
• María E. Gomes Gomes,
• Yony Gutiérrez Barrios and
• Daniel Suárez Arteaga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 991–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.68

• conditions, sonochemical energy facilitates the pyrolysis and oxidation of ethanol molecules at the cavitation bubble interface; this provides an alternative source of inorganic carbon for the formation of carbonate groups, even under an inert atmosphere [60]. These extraordinary conditions provide the

Development of Protium heptaphyllum essential oil-loaded nanocapsules: experimental design and biological activity

• Debora Freitas Silva,
• Kaidy Giselle Orellana,
• Allessya Lara Dantas Formiga,
• Jin Wang,
• Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade,
• Aline Collares Valente Pinheiro,
• Maria Izabel de Jesus,
• Francisco Canindé Ferreira de Luna,
• Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira,
• Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira,
• Francisco Humberto Xavier Junior,
• Emmanuel Abraham Ho and
• Marcele Fonseca Passos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 974–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.67

• for interfacial properties, which are inherently influenced by dynamic surface phenomena such as surfactant rearrangement and charge distribution at the nanoparticle interface [16]. The lack-of-fit test was not significant (p = 0.078), confirming adequate model specification (Supporting Information

Materials challenges in solid-state sensors for continuous monitoring of ions in water

• Maryam Darestani-Farahani and
• Peter Kruse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 935–973, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.66

• ISEs, the potential changes at the membrane–sample interface against a reference electrode follow the Nernst equation allowing for selective detection of specific ions such as nitrate, potassium, and calcium [76]. For a monovalent ion at 25 °C, the theoretical Nernstian slope is ≈59.16 mV/decade of

• -ISEs convert the ionic potential formed at the membrane–sample interface into an electronic signal through one of three principal mechanisms: (1) Capacitive (electrostatic) transduction relies on high double-layer or pseudocapacitive charge storage at the solid contact; carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a

• potential at an electrolyte–gate interface [85]. FET platforms can lead to fast, miniaturized, CMOS-compatible devices (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, a common fabrication process for integrated circuit chips) [8][9][10]. Figure 1c–i illustrates the major FET geometries, each differing in how the

Nanocarrier strategies to overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance in cancer therapy

• Andreina Quevedo-Enríquez,
• Katty Yi Zhang,
• Denisse Yajaira Enriquez,
• Byron Raul Inapanta,
• Roxana Noemí Peroni and
• Christian Rafael Quijia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 882–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.64

He⁺ FIBID-fabricated 3D AFM tip architectures: an exploratory study of hollow pillars, helices, and spirals

• Alba Arroyo-Fructuoso,
• Ana Galet,
• Gregor Hlawacek and
• Rosa Córdoba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.62

• examined by electron microscopy before and after AFM use. The main degradation modes were geometric deformation of the apex or shaft and mechanical fracture, most frequently at the tip–cantilever interface. While a few structures remained operational through repeated measurement cycles, others failed

• interface, indicating that this region is the main structural weak point of the printed nanoarchitectures. Even the commercial reference probes showed some apex blunting after repeated use, as documented in Supporting Information File 1. It is also important to note that not all observed damage can be

• the mechanical design of the tip–cantilever interface. This limitation is consistent with behaviour reported for other high-aspect-ratio probes. Several design modifications can be considered to reduce stress concentration at the anchoring region. Decreasing the effective tip length would reduce the

Light-driven ammonia electrooxidation via carbon nitride–ruthenium molecular interfaces

• Jan Holub and
• Pablo Jiménez-Calvo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 854–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.61

• optimizing charge carrier dynamics at the hybrid interface. Finally, photoelectrocatalysis is the enabling configuration: Simultaneous illumination and electrochemical bias reduce the thermodynamic penalty, suppress charge recombination, and provide independent control over product selectivity. Despite

• and charge-conducting scaffold, functionally analogous to a photosensitizer, while the Ru complex serves as the molecular catalytic centre and light absorber too. Transferring this synergistic photoactive interface concept into photoelectrocatalysis for ammonia oxidation, a sustainable hydrogen

• design. First, the photosensitization principle: Light harvesting and catalytic chemistry are performed by distinct, spatially separated components that are electronically coupled at their interface. The antenna extends the absorption, the reaction centre does the chemistry. Second, the spatial

Sustainable fabrication of 2D-based devices through reuse of substrates with microfabricated electrodes

• Ying Zhang,
• Yigit Sozen,
• Esteban Zamora-Amo,
• Thomas Pucher,
• Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo,
• Zdenek Sofer,
• Yong Xie and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 818–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.58

• /substrate interface. In liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) [25][26], polar aprotic solvents such as NMP and dimethylformamide (DMF) [27] have long been recognized as effective solvents for layered materials [28][29]. In this work, both NMP and DMF deliver strong cleaning performance under our post-transfer

• immersed in NMP and treated in an ultrasonic bath at 50 °C. The effectiveness of the ultrasonic cleaning is likely related to the interaction between NMP molecules and the interface between the 2D material flakes and the SiO2/Si substrate. NMP is known for its strong affinity for surface contaminants and

• assist in lifting the flakes. As a result, NMP molecules may penetrate the interface between the 2D material and the SiO2 surface, which assists flake detachment while preserving the visible integrity of the underlying electrodes (see schematic illustration in Figure 1b). As an initial test of the

Glycerol photoelectrochemical oxidation reaction at carbon nitrides/BiVO₄ materials

• Charles Garcia da Cunha,
• Isabelle M. D. Gonzaga,
• Cristian Hessel,
• Izadora F. Reis,
• Ivo F. Teixeira,
• Lucia H. Mascaro and
• Elton Sitta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 806–817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.57

• within the CN layer or at the interface between CN and BiVO4, both of which can be tuned by the CN crystalline structure. Considering that the Eg values observed for pristine CNs are maintained after thermal treatment under the Bi layer, the low photoactivity for glycerol oxidation at the PTI-Li/BiVO4

Tuning the electronic properties of defect-rich MoS₂

• Eric Juriatti,
• Martina Binninger,
• Carolin Schüle,
• Maren Zirwick,
• Katarina Margetic,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Marcus Scheele and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 796–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.56

• techniques, heterostructuring with (fluorinated) transition metal phthalocyanines (TMPcs) has been shown to modify the interfacial electronic properties of pristine TMDCs [8][9][10]. For the interface between CoPcF16 and defect-free MoS2, a slight doping in the TMDC was recently observed, however without

• heterostructure is determined. It is proposed that the electronic properties at the interface of defect-rich surfaces can be tuned by the interaction with the deposited molecule. Experimental All experiments were conducted either at our home laboratory setup or at the LowDosePES endstation of the PM4 beamline

• shown in this study were extracted from 3D images in Γ–K and Γ–M directions, that is, the most important points of high symmetry within the reciprocal space. Results and Discussion Effects of sputtering on the MoS2 surface and interface properties of MoS2/CoPcF16 In Figure 1, the variations of the

Substrate-dependent pore formation in molybdenum disulfide monolayers under ion irradiation

• Yossarian Liebsch,
• Umair Javed,
• Lucia Skopinski,
• Leon Daniel,
• Franziska Appel,
• Radia Rahali,
• Clara Grygiel,
• Henning Lebius,
• Carolin Frank,
• Lars Breuer,
• Leon Kirsch,
• Frieder Koch,
• Jani Kotakoski and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 769–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.54

• under both HCI and SHI irradiation conclusively demonstrate the central role of substrate and interface-dependent electronic dissipation pathways regarding damage under these types of ion irradiation. Keywords: defects; MoS2; nanopores; SiO2; scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM

• layers in van der Waals heterostructures. Although graphene is an excellent in-plane conductor, the out-of-plane electrical (and thermal) coupling across the graphene/MoS2 interface is comparatively weak [57][58]. Indeed, simulations by Schwestka et al. [28] suggest that the out-of-plane conductance

• across the graphene/MoS2 interface is two orders of magnitude smaller than the in-plane conductance of the individual layers. Consistent with limited charge transfer between MoS2 and graphene, no strong PL quenching through loss of photoexcited charge carriers from the MoS2 into the graphene is observed

Interface-engineered Caco-2 cell culture on a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface in a microfluidic device

• Satoru Kuriu and
• Soo Hyeon Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 760–768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.53

• substrates, which limit the physicochemical flexibility of the cellular microenvironment. Here, we introduce a microfluidic platform in which a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface formed between perfluorocarbon (FC-43) and culture medium serves as a substrate for epithelial cell adhesion. By culturing

• Caco-2 cells in the device, we show that the liquid interface supports cell attachment and the formation of monolayers. Immunofluorescence observation reveals the development of tight junctions and organized actin cytoskeletons, indicating early-stage epithelial maturation. Our new microfluidic system

• enables the formation of stable liquid–liquid interfaces that serve as viable and flexible substrates for epithelial cell culture, offering new opportunities for multiphase microfluidic models of epithelial barriers. Keywords: Caco-2; collagen; FC-43; gut-on-a-chip; liquid–liquid interface; Introduction

Superconducting artificial neural networks and quantum circuits

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 744–747, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.51

• superconducting devices. Geometry-controlled engineering of superconducting systems shows that geometric factors, such as interface curvature in normal metal–superconductor junctions, strongly influence the proximity effect and the decay length of Cooper-pair correlations [25]. For superconducting systems with

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• junction formation at the Ag/semiconductor interface creates an internal electric field that suppresses electron–hole recombination, extending carrier lifetime and enabling band-alignment-dependent redox reactions [127]. Reactive oxygen species, primarily •OH, •O2−, h+, and 1O2, drive oxidative pollutant

afspm: A framework for manufacturer-agnostic automation in scanning probe microscopy

• Nicholas J. Sullivan,
• Julio J. Valdés,
• Kirk H. Bevan and
• Peter Grutter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 653–667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.45

• abstractions that may be suitable to other scientific fields. Bluesky does not solve the reusability issues described above, but may prove suitable as an interface to coordinate an SPM among other instruments. We have developed a software framework for SPM to write reusable and shareable automation scripts

• integrating and testing translators for each possible scripting interface type. We show the framework functioning beyond integration testing by running an automated experiment; specifically, we implement a drift estimation approach similar to that in [14]. In doing so, we enable easier reuse of this specific

• implementations in Figure 4d–g. In Table 1, we list a sampling of controllers from various manufacturers and the scripting interfaces they expose. With inter-process communication (IPC) interfaces (Figure 4a), scripts are run as separate processes from the microscope controller. An IPC interface allows different

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• resonance effects and facilitates the formation of Schottky barriers at the metal–semiconductor interface, both of which contribute to an extended light absorption range and enhanced charge carrier separation. The improved activity is primarily attributed to the narrowing of TiO2’s effective bandgap and the

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• , carriers migrate at the interface through diffusion and drift, gradually establishing a built-in electric field (BEF) that aligns the Fermi levels on both sides. This field is not only the primary driving force that sustains carrier separation but also a direct determinant of device photovoltaic conversion

• engineering from the perspective of the BEF is warranted, with particular emphasis on unifying studies of homojunctions, gradient junctions, and 2D/3D heterojunctions into a coherent framework. Against this background, we define a “junction” as a generalized structure formed in the bulk or at the interface

• groundwork for the present review. Homojunctions focus on constructing continuous band bending and Fermi level gradients within the same material system using methods such as doping, surface reconstruction, or orientation induction, thereby smoothly extending the BEF from the interface into the bulk. Their

Probing tribological evolution in atomically thin MoS₂ at different scales

• Xingzhong Zeng and
• Miao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 586–597, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.40

• factor limiting the performance and reliability of nanotechnology-enabled devices, including magnetic storage systems and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) [1][2]. Unlike macroscale friction, nanoscale friction of two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibits unique size-dependent and interface

• gives rise to the layer-dependent nature of the strengthening effect. Thus, the transient strengthening effect can be regarded as a dynamic adaptation process of the tip–sample contact interface prior to attaining a stable sliding state. Regarding sub-nanoscale stick–slip motion, previous studies have

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• a promising route to design original and innovative electronic devices [1] such as diodes [2][3], transistors [4][5][6], photodetectors [7][8], solar cells [9][10][11], or light-emitting devices [12]. In such heterostructures most electronic processes take place at the interface between graphene and

• , application in interface structure management, and impact on electronic or photonic properties are still poorly understood. In this paper, focusing on ZnPc, we report the demonstration and analysis by combined STM operated at the air–solid interface and optical microspectroscopy of a 2D phase change

• molecular architectures. These results could also open important outlooks in the context of future organic electronics, since numerous electronic processes take place at the interface between substrate and molecule, and a proper control of its molecular-scale structure may be determinant [13]. Experimental

Advances in nanotechnology applied to natural products

• Douglas Dourado,
• Fábio Rocha Formiga,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar and
• Franceline Reynaud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 555–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.36

• products have also been widely investigated for their antiparasitic activity [9]. Notably, some of the studies featured here suggest that nanoemulsion droplets can be internalized by infected macrophages, increasing local exposure at the host–parasite interface and thereby enhancing leishmanicidal activity

• compared with nonformulated oils. The issue also includes research illustrating the potential of nanoemulsions for vector control. This subject particularly highlights the potential of the high oil interface area of nanoemulsions in enhancing penetration through the cuticle of Aedes aegypti larvae [10] and

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• electrochemical performance of the composite material. This combination can promote efficient analyte adsorption and fast charge transfer at the electrode interface. Consistent with this idea, Gu et al. reported that MIL-101/rGO composites exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• ]. Indeed, in areas where the MoS2 layer was decoupled from the metal by a Au vacancy island at the interface [148], the Kondo resonance was absent, and the spectroscopy indicated a charge-neutral state [146]. More recently, the use of STM has been extended to detect signals of electron spin resonance (ESR