Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• increase. In contrast, we found that the water adsorption on the oligo(ethylene glycol) particles depends little on humidity. Our insights into structural changes on glyconanoparticles and the hydration properties of glycosylated particles are of application value for biosensors and help model the

• glycosylated AuNP can provide a simplified model of a viral spike, whenever the virus is very densely coated, for example, influenza by hemagglutinin [18][19]. Hence, our idea is not to emulate complete virions; rather, one NP is emulating one single spike protein. Although the density of the NPs is not very

• capable of exchanging back, as evidenced by a nonzero, tilted background-like feature between 3300 and 3700 cm−1. This observation supports the model of thin adsorbed water layers and further highlights the pronounced hydrophilicity of both PEG-AuNPs and dimanno-AuNPs. Adsorption of the particles on

Hartree–Fock interaction in superconducting condensate fractals

• Edward G. Nikonov,
• Yajiang Chen,
• Mauro M. Doria and
• Arkady A. Shanenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2177–2182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.150

• the observables are not affected due to translational invariance. Hence, the HF field is a kind of “spectator” that defines the single-particle states and chemical potential but does not act on the pair formation and, thus, can be neglected, as in the standard formulation of the BCS model [2][3

• -dimensional model for superconducting quasicrystals [15]. Using this model, researchers explored a range of phenomena in quasiperiodic systems, including proximity effects in quasicrystal–metal hybrids [16][17][18], enhanced superconductivity from staggered hopping amplitudes [19], and the interplay between

• the Josephson effect and quasiperiodicity [20]. The model has also been used to investigate topological superconductivity [21] and anomalous local critical temperatures (at the left end, at the right end, and at the chain center) in quasiperiodic chains [22]. These investigations demonstrate that the

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• filters for laundry, already taken up in France and debated in Australia, additionally limits MP discharge from clothes [137]. Encouraging a circular economy model can minimize plastic waste generation at the industrial level. EPR policies have been proposed to hold manufacturers accountable for post

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• , Tables S4 to S6). However, the presence of significant higher-order interactions limited the predictive capability and overall fit of the model. These limitations indicated the need for a more refined strategy with higher resolution and reduced confounding effects. Therefore, a Box–Behnken design (BBD

• of the experimental space. The prepared formulations corresponding to the experimental design runs are shown in Figure 4, and a summary of the BBD is presented in Table 5. To refine the model and improve predictive accuracy, the response data were subjected to Box–Cox transformation, an essential

• step when non-normal distribution is detected [25]. Following transformation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the statistical significance of the overall model and the individual formulation factors. To enhance model parsimony, backward regression elimination was applied to

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• scavenging data, the FRAP outcome supports a dual-mechanism antioxidant model (both radical quenching and electron transfer). This suggests that the surface chemistry of AgSbS2 NCs effectively mediates both redox and radical-based pathways, making them promising candidates for applications requiring moderate

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• remains substantial. This perspective uses oncology as a representative model for CNM nanocarriers, owing to cancer’s global health burden and the breadth of available studies [15][16]. Nevertheless, the underlying considerations, including synthesis, physicochemical and biological evaluation, and

• improve the reproducibility and comparability of results across studies and to facilitate the regulatory approval of carbon nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Model therapeutics in nanocarrier development Chemotherapy drugs are designed to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells by disrupting their cell

• the incidence and severity of side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy (Table 2). There are several model anticancer therapeutics that are commonly used in nanocarrier design, such as doxorubicin or gemcitabine. By encapsulating or loading these therapeutics onto nanocarriers, researchers

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• University, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.141 Abstract Gecko adhesion, enabled by micro- and nanoscale structures known as setae and spatulae, has prompted extensive research. We present a concurrent multiscale computational model of a seta that integrates molecular

• . The model reproduces key aspects of spatula behavior during adhesion and detachment, showing that spatula–substrate contact evolves through a combination of bending, sliding, and peeling, depending on the spatula’s initial orientation. Our results further demonstrate that lateral sliding can delay

• microscopy (AFM) experiments. Our investigation into how gecko keratin interacts with hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates [12] supported the importance of the water-mediating effect [10] and elucidated mechanistic differences depending on surface chemistry. A particle-based mesoscale model of a single

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• of inspiration for developing biomimetic adhesives. However, a thorough understanding of their composition and operating mechanism is essential for advancing such applications. Sabellariid tubeworms are model organisms in bioadhesion research, and their adhesive system has been characterized in

• several studies. However, some aspects of cement formation are still poorly understood and several differences have been pointed out between the two main model species. This study aims to investigate the adhesive system of Sabellaria alveolata by identifying new potential adhesive proteins, as well as

• underwater adhesive materials for various applications, particularly in the industrial and biomedical fields [3][4]. Polychaetes of the family Sabellariidae are one of the model organisms that have been studied extensively for their adhesion and have fascinated researchers since the 18th century [5]. Two

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• dynamic mechanics models relating the contact stiffness of the tip/cantilever pressing into a surface with the oscillation frequency of the cantilever and show that they did not accurately model the experiment. Several material combinations of tip and sample were examined; tip size and cantilever

• stiffness demonstrate that existing models cannot capture the physics of this problem. While concrete solutions to use analytical models to interpret CR-AFM data have not been found, a possible solution may include revisiting the analytical model to capture a potentially more complex system than the current

• model, improved matching the cantilever/sample stiffness to obtain a larger variation in contact stiffness with frequency, or investigating the use of higher-order modes that may achieve this improved match. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; contact resonance; highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• outperformed single-ligand LNPs with folate or Herceptin only [42]. In vivo validation was performed using a zebrafish larvae xenograft model, in which MCF7 breast cancer cells were implanted into the larvae at 48 h post-fertilization. The LNPs were labeled for tracking and then administered via intravenous

• the same mouse model, strong protein expressions were observed after injection of 10 µg mRNA per dose. Additionally, in vitro studies using human whole blood also revealed that pSar-LNPs triggered lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, compared to PEG-LNPs [81]. Recent

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• produced an LC50 of 192.5 µg/mL at 48 hours. Furthermore, acute oral toxicity tests in Danio rerio (zebrafish), a non-target model organism, showed no adverse effects. Although the study did not compare the nanoemulsion to the corresponding free essential oil, it highlights the potential of this

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• , high-speed, and scalable computing. In these systems, the propagation of information is associated with the movement of a current wave/topological soliton, which is clearly visible in the model by a 2π jump of the so-called Josephson phase, φ. In contrast to conventional rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ

• for the flexible configuration of advanced logic and neuromorphic circuits. Results Model description To model the dynamics of kinetic solitons [43], we employ the resistively and capacitively shunted junction (RCSJ) model [1], where the total current I across a Josephson junction is the sum of the

• current flowing from the node k to the node j(h). Each current is described by the RCSJ model (Equation 2): With this approach, the current across the inductance is defined by the expression where l = L/LJ is inductance normalized to the Josephson inductance . After substituting the expressions for the

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• timescale of fibrillogenesis likely preventing premature adhesive curing within the gland prior to secretion. Overall, our findings support a model in which cp19k undergoes pH- and salt concentration-dependent self-assembly into fibrils in the cement gland, with implications for the mechanism and timing of

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• scoping review. Acknowledgements To improve the clarity and fluency of the English writing, we used the assistance of ChatGPT-4.1, a large language model developed by OpenAI. As non-native English speakers, this tool supported us in refining the textual coherence of the manuscript. Nonetheless, all

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• promastigotes represents a limitation, this model was used as a proof-of-concept, with promising evidence of the potential of PHYT-NE. Future studies in macrophage models infected with intracellular amastigotes will be essential to confirm the observed efficacy and validate the potential of PHYT-NE as a safe

• , Brazil); soybean oil (Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil); Tween® 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil); purified water (obtained from a reverse osmosis purification equipment, model OS50 LX, Gehaka, Brazil) were used for nanoemulsion preparation. Mammalian cells were cultured in DMEM, High Glucose (Life Technologies, Cat

• temperature (24 ± 2 °C). Colloidal and physicochemical stability For accelerated stability analysis, 1 mL aliquots of the nanoemulsion were transferred to Eppendorf tubes and subjected to three centrifugation cycles at 960 and 8600g for 15 min, each using a mini centrifuge (Fisherbrand®, model Gusto, Illinois

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• nanotubes (LCC@DWCNT and LCC@MWCNT, respectively) behave as Debye’s materials for temperatures as high as 293 K with an estimate that such materials could still withstand such characteristics for even higher temperatures (≈700 K). Using the Debye model, thermodynamic observables (internal energy

• unchanged. Our measurements were performed in both isolated and small bundles of LCC@MWCNT, which allowed us to demonstrate that small bundles or isolated environments do not seem to influence the vibrational and thermodynamic properties measured. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; Debye model; Grüneisen

• whose thermal properties can be described by the Debye model [30]. The reason is that the responses of materials to changing temperatures usually come from two contributions: (1) the lattice thermal expansion (LTE), associated with e–ph interactions; and (2) anharmonic effects, associated with ph–ph

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• and Ag ion interstitials. The discrepancy between the SRIM-simulated and RBS-measured Ag depth profiles can be attributed to several factors. SRIM simulations are based on an idealized model that assumes a homogeneous, amorphous target with constant density and does not account for structural or

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• synthesis. This technique is frequently employed due to its simplicity and efficiency. In a rat model of diabetes, orally administered insulin-loaded NPs exhibited a hypoglycemic effect lasting 5 h, compared to 3 h for subcutaneously administered insulin. The PEG-coated NPs demonstrated greater potency

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• diagnostic outcomes. The establishment of a multiprotein model [49] confirms this conjecture. There are already gold nanoparticle aptamer biosensors and fluorescent aptamer sensors that show great potential in esophageal cancer diagnosis (Table 1). 3.1 Gold nanoparticle–aptamer sensors Scholars reviewed

• specific target has not been extracted and identified. Qiao et al. [114] screened the SYL-6 aptamer with the strongest binding ability to ESCC cells by Cell-SELEX, identified and verified PHB2 as the molecular target for SYL-6-specific binding. The results of mouse model showed that SYL-6-Dox had almost

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• phase. The supernatant was washed three times with 10% (w/v) citric acid and then concentrated via rotary evaporation. A 2 µL aliquot of the supernatant was injected in split injection mode (1:10 in ethyl acetate) into a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) model 7290 A (Agilent

• determined by electrophoretic mobility using the same instrument at 25 °C. Calculations were based on the Smoluchowski model. All measurements were performed in triplicate and expressed as mean ± standard deviation. pH Value The pH value of the pre-formulation and nanoformulations was measured using a

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• our samples inside the chamber, as well as a side view of the samples, were recorded externally every 10 min using a single-board computer (Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, Raspberry Pi Foundation, Cambridge, UK) connected to a temperature and humidity sensor (DHT22, Sertronics GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and a

• cross sections were taken from positions 2.5, 5.5, 7.5, and 11.5 mm more apical. These five cross-sectional positions were then used as control points with the same longitudinal spacing between them to extrude the volume model. Since the sclerenchyma fibers branch along the longitudinal axis of a scale

• X- and Y-directions (spanning the cross section of each model), the mean value of the two measured values was used, while the Z-value (from the basal to the apical end of the models) was derived directly. The same coefficients were used in all simulations. A linear elastic material model was applied

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• operando. With IRRAS, vibrational information is available, which greatly complements the electronic information obtained by photoelectron spectroscopy. This combination enables a more complete picture of surface reaction mechanisms. The examples discussed here focus on “model catalysts”, that is, systems

• where the active phase is well defined and often prepared on single crystals. While studies on industrial catalysts are limited by charging effects (insulating oxide-supported samples) and higher pressure requirements, model systems remain invaluable for fundamental insights. We now turn to specific

• here. Instead, we focus on a study by Vesselli and co-workers that directly addresses catalytic activity in a biomimetic SAC system [20][21]. In their work, a cobalt single-atom biomimetic model catalyst is based on a self-assembled monolayer of Co-porphyrins grown on an almost free-standing graphene

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• .16.117 Abstract In this work we consider a spin model composed of a single spin and connected to an infinitely coordinated Ising chain. Theoretical models of this type arise from various fields of theoretical physics, such as theory of open systems, quantum control, and quantum computations. In the

• thermodynamic limit of an infinite chain, we map the chain Hamiltonian to the Hamiltonian of the Lipkin–Meshkov–Glik model, and the system as a whole is described by a generalized Rabi Hamiltonian. Next, the effective Hamiltonian is obtained using the Foulton–Gouterman transformation. In the thermodynamic limit

• we obtain the spectrum of the whole system and study the properties of the ground-state quantum phase transition. Keywords: Ising chain; Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick model; quantum phase transitions; Introduction In the present manuscript, we consider a single spin connected to an infinitely coordinated

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• nanoparticles were obtained by precipitation and freeze-drying and were analyzed by HPLC and DLS. Additionally, the in vivo studies performed in a mice model with breast cancer tumor (4T1 cell) showed that the drug exhibits a level of biosafety while reaching 44% tumor inhibition [75]. Polysaccharide

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• : zero order, first order, Korsmeyer–Peppas, and parabolic diffusion (Table 2). The zero order, first order, and Korsmeyer–Peppas models exhibiting determination coefficient (r2) values demonstrate that the release mechanism cannot be explained by these models. The parabolic diffusion model better fitted

• , based on the analysis of the determination coefficient (r²), obtained from the application of four mathematical models to experimental data, the model that explains the release profile of the venom-loaded PLA nanoparticles has been identified, and a more accurate adjustment was observed for the

• parabolic diffusion model. This mathematical model suggests that the release mechanism of venom-loaded PLA nanoparticles was controlled by diffusion dependent on the protein-loading level [18]. These results corroborate with previous studies that used nanoparticles for venom protein delivery [42][43