Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• -altitude lakes, where particles accumulate in the gut and gill tissues and interfere with normal physiological functions [113]. The low molecular weight of MPs, and particularly nanoparticles (NPs), allows them to easily translocate into organs and tissues resulting in inflammation, oxidative stress, and

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• investigated. These nanoparticles (NPs) preserve the bioactivity of the active compound during gastric transit and facilitate permeation through mucus and absorption by epithelial cells, enabling targeted delivery. In essence, PNs offer superior performance in protecting, targeting, and enhancing both the

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• -loaded PLA nanoparticles were fabricated by nanoprecipitation methods. In this technique, the PLA nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by low-energy solvent displacement and functionalized with polyethylenimine (cationic polymer) for the T. serrulatus protein adsorption. The NPs showed a mean diameter of

• *** or ###p < 0.001, ** or ##p < 0.01, or * or #p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Electrophoretic profile of Tityus serrulatus venom (Tsv), bovine serum albumin (BSA), PLA nanoparticles (NPs), T. serrulatus venom protein-loaded PLA nanoparticles at 0.5% (NPs + Tsv 0.5%), and T

• ± standard deviation. **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared to NPs + Tsv 1.0% group with AH + Tsv 1.0%. ##p < 0.01 compared to NPs + Tsv 0.5% group with AH + Tsv 0.5%. Encapsulation efficiency (EE), mean diameter and zeta potential of PLA nanoparticles (NPs), T. serrulatus venom protein-loaded PLA nanoparticles

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• Abstract In this study, silicon nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by pulsed laser ablation in a liquid, aiming to investigate the influence of a laser beam profile on the properties of the resultant NPs. Morphology, inner structure, and phase composition of the formed NPs were characterized by means of

• certain progress in this field, there is still a need for reliable and controlled synthesis methods for silicon-based nanostructures. Nowadays, pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) has been recognized as a general and important route for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) with tuned optical and

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• ]. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs), in particular, have been explored for these applications, due to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and high saturation magnetization [4]. These applications require reliable and controlled surface functionalization to impart desired functionality, such as tissue

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• examples of nanoparticle synthesis by laser ablation were discussed [7]. They have clearly depicted how the properties of the nanoparticles (NPs) depend strongly on size, shape, and size uniformity. Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) is a promising method for producing pristine and supported materials

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• , combining high biocompatibility, prolonged release properties, and the capacity to encapsulate a diverse range of therapeutic agents. Ongoing research efforts are focused on overcoming existing limitations to fully realize the clinical potential of SLNs [76]. Polymer nanoparticles. Polymeric nanoparticles

• (NPs) are highly versatile drug delivery systems that can be synthesized from natural or synthetic materials, providing a broad range of possible structures and characteristics. These NPs are typically fabricated through techniques such as emulsification, nanoprecipitation, or microfluidics, and can

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• , there is an ultimate need to produce suitable carriers, which can reduce the side effects and toxicity, while achieving high therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) has been proven a great breakthrough in the field of cancer treatment. NPs, smaller than 100 nm, show unique

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• scattering; Review Introduction Laser synthesis and processing of materials with emphasis on structure formation on the nanoscale offers a multitude of pathways to desired structure-related functions [1]. In green processes, nanostructures and nanoparticles (NPs) can be produced that serve applications in

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• to these approaches due to lesser time consumption and the lack of sophisticated instrumentation. In this aspect, Kumar et al. demonstrated a facile MW-assisted synthetic route for the perforation and decoration of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on rGO sheets [10]. The resultant NC displayed its potential

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• hybridization occurring at the interface between cerium oxide and metals, either as substrates [23], as supported nanoparticles (NPs) [26][27] or as dopants [28]. The insight provided by such studies is highly relevant, since cerium oxide is often combined with metals in various applications. For example, it

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• are prepared by ball milling and spark plasma sintering or powder pressing and sintering. Nanoparticles (NPs) from the bulk materials are synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid. Magnetization measurements confirm a ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition in bulk alloys, with Tc = 179 K

• because they exhibit remarkable properties due to the interplay between their compositional complexity and nanoscale effects, such as a high surface-to-volume ratio and quantum confinement. These unique characteristics make CCA nanoparticles (NPs) highly suitable for catalysis [26][27], energy storage [28

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• disulfide (FeS2)) nanoparticles (NPs) of different morphologies using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) in different organic solvents. The impact of the solvent on the morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the synthesized NPs is investigated by techniques such as transmission electron

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• ), and laser melting (LML) in liquids are aimed at synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) from bulk targets (LAL), by downsizing (LFL), or by increasing/reshaping (LML) particle dispersions [1]. On the other hand, pulsed laser defect engineering in liquids (PUDEL) processes involve targeted post-treatment of

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• biosensors for early diagnosis and improving the sensitivity of AβO detection. In imaging, nanoparticles (NPs) can help to visualize localized protein accumulation, complementing existing diagnostic methods. Materials such as carbon-based NMs (e.g., graphene oxide) and metal NPs (e.g., gold and silver

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• nanoparticles (NPs) with defined particle sizes and narrow size distribution width is driven by the growing integration of nanomaterials into various industrial applications, such as medicine [1][2][3], catalysis [4][5], sensors [6][7], and additive manufacturing [8]. The performance of NPs typically depends on

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• incorporation of TMZ in organic and inorganic nanomaterials and their hybrids, designed in a wide variety of shapes such as nanoparticles (NPs), conjugates, dendrimers, and liposomes [35]. With various bioengineering techniques, the nanomaterials’ size, shape, and surface properties were modified to improve

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• decades of technological evolution, during which NCs have become indispensable components of drug delivery systems, known for their adaptability and efficiency [2]. The “family” of nanoparticles (NPs) includes a broad range of materials such as lipids, polymers, proteins, dextran, silica [3], and metals

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• applications. Keywords: anticancer; green synthesis; lactic acid bacteria; nanoparticles; zinc oxide; Introduction Nanotechnology has revolutionized various fields through its remarkable development and the unique properties exhibited by nanoparticles (NPs) at the mesoscopic level. Dimension, form, surface

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• obtained direct images of a “natural” protein corona on natural bio-NPs of blood serum for the first time Keywords: chylomicrons; extracellular vesicles; lipoproteins; photomodification; protein corona; Introduction The existence of a protein corona on all nanoparticles (NPs) entering biological fluids

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• /bjnano.15.129 Abstract This work presents a unique and straightforward method to synthesise hafnium oxide (HfO2) and hafnium carbide (HfC) nanoparticles (NPs) and to fabricate hafnium nanostructures (NSs) on a Hf surface. Ultrafast picosecond laser ablation of the Hf metal target was performed in three

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• paves the way for increasingly personalized therapeutic approaches. This strategy holds substantial potential for achieving high efficiency in treating diseases that currently lack a cure. Schematic of biomimetic nanocarriers. Nanoparticles (NPs) used as nanocarriers in therapeutic applications such as

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• relationship (QSPR/QSFR) modelling, read-across, and deep learning models. Mikolajczyk et al. [16] implemented a consensus nano-QSPR scheme for the prediction of the ZP of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) based on the size and a quantum mechanical descriptor encoding the energy of the highest occupied molecular

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• the BBB through a direct connection [18][19]. When combined with nanotechnology, N2B delivery becomes even more attractive since nanotechnology-driven DDSs have enabled improved drug accumulation at the target site [20]. DDSs, such as polymeric or lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs), can provide an

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• [1][2][3][4]. Consequently, the scientific community has focused on improving the targeting of nanoparticles (NPs) to tumor cells through surface functionalization with active groups (e.g., folate, monoclonal antibodies) [5][6][7]. However, according to the literature, only 0.7% of the injected dose