Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• transmission of influenza [11][12][15] or SARS-CoV-2 [14] via aerosols. These viruses are enveloped (by glycosylated lipid bilayers) and display very large multimers of nanoscale glycoproteins (i.e., spikes), which control virus attachment and fusion to the host cells [16]. Glycosylation, often with mannosides

• to the nanoscale, we found a homogenous dispersion of the particles (Figure 6B). This is supported by AFM topography images at the nanoscale (Figure 6C). In contrast, PEG AuNPs are not well dispersed, with more agglomerates (see the analogous Figure 6G–I), and particle clusters form microscale

• nanoscale “traps” between the NPs. Both effects result in water adsorption that persists even in dry environments. Focusing now on particle size and assembly, we found no difference between the hydrodynamic size of 16.8 nm (obtained in suspension by DLS) (Figure 2) and the AFM height of 16.7 nm (which we

Hartree–Fock interaction in superconducting condensate fractals

• Edward G. Nikonov,
• Yajiang Chen,
• Mauro M. Doria and
• Arkady A. Shanenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2177–2182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.150

• ]. Nevertheless, the HF potential cannot be neglected in the presence of external fields [4], such as impurity potentials [5][6], quantum confinement in nanoscale superconductors [7], and potential barriers at interfaces [8]. Such external fields break the translational invariance, which is the condition for the

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• the Bottom”, at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society at Caltech, USA. This lecture provided a visionary perspective that inspired generations of researchers and greatly accelerated systematic investigations in producing and exploiting nanoscale materials. Although it took decades for

• examination of unique nanostructures, nanoscale characterization, metrology to nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, nanobiotechnology, nanomedicine, nanofabrication, and nanomanufacturing [4][5]. These new developments catalyzed the initiation of numerous new experimental and theoretical areas in different

• now increasingly feasible. The boundaries between the natural and artificial, between living and nonliving systems, are being redefined through materials engineered at the nanoscale. It is important to elucidate that authors do not intend a direct comparison between nanotechnology and the fields such

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• activities. The collection of both suspended and floating particulates is facilitated by the increasing use of in situ filtration systems that utilize portable vacuum compressors for water samples. These tactics aid in capturing MPs of all sizes, from the macro- to the nanoscale, which is essential for

• using pretreatment techniques such as enzymatic decomposition of organic matter and density separation using saline solutions. These processes, however, might take a lot of time and could cause tiny particles to be lost [32]. The distinct combination of nanoscale dimensions and very low concentration in

• samples from the environment makes nanoscale plastics yet another challenge. Sophisticated methods such as thermal extraction desorption (TED) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are now routinely used to detect these particles. But these methods involve a lot of expertise and equipment. The

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• ) method combined with density functional theory (DFT) to compare electron transport through several layers of nanoscale graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Calculations were performed for one to six layers, corresponding to thicknesses of 0.5–3.0 nm, respectively. Electron transport was computed

• and Stone–Wales defects. Nitrogen doping transforms graphene from a zero-bandgap semiconductor to a metal, while Stone–Wales defects open the bandgap. For h-BN, we considered Stone–Wales defects. A detailed comparison of electron transport through five materials, that is, multilayer nanoscale graphene

• , N-doped multilayer nanoscale graphene, Stone–Wales-defective multilayer nanoscale graphene, h-BN, and Stone–Wales-defective h-BN allowed us to understand the currents at the nanoscale and the chemical and structural control over the electron transport. The slopes of the current decay with thickness

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• dimensions in the nanoscale range of approximately 1–100 nm; it has been considered important for the study of biological issues, and techniques and methods suitable for this approach have been developed and are still being developed by researchers [3][4]. Nanoparticles possessing distinctive physical

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• physicochemical attributes, such as surface charge, further modulate the overall biological profile of CNMs, underscoring the complex interplay between nanoscale properties and biological behaviour [39]. Moreover, post-synthesis surface modifications can substantially diversify the physicochemical properties of a

• nanomaterial has been defined in the EU’s Recommendation on the Definition of a Nanomaterial (originally defined in 2011/696/EU, and updated in 2022/C 229/01) [45]. In regulating the definition, it was intended to capture the unique properties and potential risks associated with materials at the nanoscale

• nanoscale materials, highlighting key agencies, legislative instruments, and guidance initiatives. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 18: Overview of conventional drug delivery methods in cancer therapy, including administration routes, key characteristics, and example drugs. Funding The

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• . Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); high eigenmodes; multifrequency AFM; nanoscale material analysis; surface characterization; Introduction Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an indispensable tool for characterizing the morphology and surface properties of materials at the micro- and the

• nanoscale [1][2][3][4][5]. Among its various operating modes, tapping mode AFM is particularly prevalent due to lateral force minimization and its ability to give phase-contrast images of heterogeneous surfaces [6]. This mode involves oscillating the cantilever near its resonance frequency with the tip

• both reliable quantitative mechanics and high-contrast phase imaging. This novel methodology thus synergizes mechanical precision with sensitive qualitative discrimination, advancing nanoscale material characterization. Conclusion This study successfully integrates PFT mode with eigenmode vibrations

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• University, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.141 Abstract Gecko adhesion, enabled by micro- and nanoscale structures known as setae and spatulae, has prompted extensive research. We present a concurrent multiscale computational model of a seta that integrates molecular

• limitations inherent in single-scale models. Keywords: finite element method; gecko adhesion; hybrid modeling; molecular dynamics; multiscale simulations; seta; spatula; Introduction Geckos possess the ability to adhere to a variety of substrates, a trait attributed to specialized micro- and nanoscale

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• biomaterials, recent decades have seen intensive research into novel therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine [1][2][3][4]. Within this scenario, a pivotal current strategy in formulation development focuses on integrating nanocarriers with nanoscale three-dimensional biomaterials, enabling major

• %), surfactant concentration (2–20%), and HLB (10–15) as the independent variables (data not shown). Based on the preliminary results, a sample was selected for this study. It can be observed that formulations exhibited droplet mean sizes in the nanoscale range, varying from 58 nm. The formulations showed a

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• . Combining both top-down and bottom-up strategies, laser-assisted methods are demonstrating the prospects to become a versatile nanoscale manufacturing strategy based on clean, sustainable, and large-scale approach applicable to a broad range of nanomaterials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The current

• -shaping of silver NPs under LED irradiation with wavelengths in the range of 405–720 nm resulted in dodecahedral, plate-, or rod-like nanostructures depending on the wavelength (Figure 7g,h). In principle, the introduction of any other nanoscale inclusions or powders into the liquid would act in a similar

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• deposition, chemical mechanical polishing, and laser nanopatterning, enable the creation of nanostructures and nanoscale devices. However, a major limitation of these methods is their inability to effectively produce high-resolution three-dimensional nanostructures [1][2][3][4]. In contrast, focused electron

• technique, which is a high-resolution analytical method that can provide elemental information at the nanoscale. This step ensures precise identification and quantification of all elements present in the grown structures. (7) The final step involves examining the chemical composition of the resulted

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• PEG; immunogenicity; lipid nanoparticles; PEG alternatives; PEG lipids; therapeutic delivery; Review Introduction Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become a promising platform in modern nanomedicine, especially for delivering genetic payloads such as mRNA and siRNA. These nanoscale particles can

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• different conditions, will be further investigated through a detailed macro- and nanoscale study designed to understand the relationship between structural transitions and function of the protein in vivo. Experimental Recombinant protein expression and purification rPpolcp19k-his protein was expressed in E

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• ; sustainable development; Introduction Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field of science that involves the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm in inorganic nanomaterials, to generate structures with unique physicochemical properties [1][2][3]. Among the most

• immune response and stimulate periodontal tissue repair [72]. In the field of endodontics, biosynthesized AgNPs and ZnO-NPs have been employed as adjuvants to conventional irrigants and intracanal dressings, thereby enhancing the disinfection efficacy of root canal systems [21]. The nanoscale properties

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• nanoscale size, lipid fusion with membrane components, or disruption of the plasma membrane structure [48][49]. However, several studies have also highlighted the remarkable potential of nanoemulsions against intracellular amastigote forms. In addition to enhancing cutaneous penetration, nanoemulsions also

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• implantation provides a controllable alternative for tuning surface properties at the nanoscale, enabling the targeted introduction of functional species without chemical reagents. This work investigates the effects of low-energy (20 keV) and medium-energy (1.5 MeV) Ag+ ion implantation on the electrical

• implantation energy. A comparison of these morphological characteristics with the photocatalytic results shows that the highest efficiency is achieved using samples with moderate nanoscale roughness, that is, GO implanted with 20 keV at a fluence of 3.75 × 1012 cm−2 (RMS = 102 nm, k ≈ 0.0033 min−1) and PI

• maximize roughness, but to achieve a balanced nanoscale surface structure that complements the plasmonic and electronic effects of silver, enabling a high density of accessible active sites while maintaining efficient charge separation. Electric and sensory properties The results of electrical property

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• , even on topologically complex surfaces, making it essential for the fabrication of next-generation devices [46][47][48]. In the semiconductor industry, ALD enables the creation of nanoscale transistors and high-k dielectric materials, essential for shrinking transistor dimensions and enhancing

• , complex materials operating under industrially relevant conditions. Achieving this shift will require further innovations in sample environments, pressure compatibility, and surface sensitivity, especially for systems that exhibit spatial or chemical heterogeneity at the micro- and the nanoscale. A key

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• barriers, their biocompatibility, and low toxicity [18]. Their manipulation at the nanoscale changes specific surface properties, possibly improving the ability to cross biological barriers targeting the affected tissues [18][19]. In this context, nanoparticle controlled release based on biodegradable

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• synthesis and characterisation techniques have enabled the detection of materials at the nanoscale, unlocking new opportunities across various streams. In the field of water treatment, nanotechnology is gaining wide attention due to its enhanced efficiency, effectiveness, affordability, and durability. The

• key properties of nanoparticles include high surface area, extensive functionalization, high reactivity, and size-dependent characteristics. By leveraging these properties, water treatment methods can be refined at the nanoscale to selectively target pollutants [16][17]. This comprehensive review

• explores the potential of nanotechnology in removing MP contamination from water and wastewater. Unlike conventional treatment methods, which are less effective in capturing nanoscale plastic pollutants, nanotechnology-based approaches offer precision, enhanced adsorption, and catalytic degradation

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• photon number operator . The transmon is considered as an anharmonic oscillator (with ladder operators and ) with the number of excitations in the solid-state system similarly introduced as . In a transmon, the inductance is created using a nonlinear element, that is, a nanoscale Josephson junction (JJ

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• small nanoscale system (500 atoms) consisting of cobalt atoms was solved. The purpose of this stage of computational experiment was to check the convergence of the solution and compare the obtained data with the results of other studies. The performed calculations and satisfactory correspondence to the

• parameters of the modeled nanoscale systems. It was found that the magnetic energy and magnetization norm of the system change in a nonlinear manner with increasing number of crystalline layers of the nanofilm. The peaks found on the graph of the magnetization rate change can be caused by surface effects in

• the reliability level (i.e., 0.8848). Conclusion The mathematical model considered in this work allows us to investigate the magnetic behavior of a nanoscale system taking into account spin and interatomic interactions. The mathematical model is based on the joint solution of the Langevin and Landau

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• thickness of inorganic layers is typically limited to a few micrometers, imposing structural constraints on vertical integration schemes for wiring and packaging. These physical limitations may inherently restrict the achievable device density. To overcome these constraints, advanced nanoscale integration

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• . Drugs or genetic material can be carried by these cylindrical nanoparticles and directed towards specific cells through external stimuli such as a magnetic field or light [12]. A new nanoscale drug delivery system has been developed by using carbon nanotubes and a carbon nanotube–graphene hybrid to more

• nanoscale features, which can be used to control the way the cells function. Surface patterns, for example, can tell cells when to divide, which way to grow, or what type of tissue they should make. It proves to be valuable in stem cell therapy as well as in the development of artificial organs [27]. In

• silver nanoparticles in joint replacements or dental implants can decrease the chances of infections and support healing [37]. On implants, nanoscale coatings are also being used to mimic natural tissues more closely and to avoid immune rejection from the body. It is possible to make materials that